• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.2879-2882
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• 2014

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common form of cancer in Iranian women, and it remains a major health problem. An increasing number of young women are being diagnosed with BC, and therefore, there is an increasing likelihood that more women will survive breast cancer for many years. Many opine that self-disclosure of BC diagnosis is important because talking about cancer helps people to make sense of their experiences; in fact, self-disclosure appears to play an important role in many health outcomes. However, this has not yet been studied in BC patients in Iran. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the status of self-disclosure of BC diagnosis by Iranian women to friends and colleagues. Materials and Methods: All BC records for 2001-2011 of employed women were studied at five hospitals in Mashhad. Data about the self-disclosure of BC diagnosis were gathered through telephone interviews, and the participants filled out a questionnaire about their status of self-disclosure of BC diagnosis to various groups of people. Results: The mean age of employed women at the time of diagnosis was $44.3{\pm}6.7$ years. Over 60% self-disclosed to work colleagues and over 90% to bosses/managers. Seventy per cent reported that they had support from their family and husband's family, while 95% reported that they had support from parents, siblings, children and friends. Conclusions: Most employed women self-disclosed freely to family, friends, colleagues and bosses/managers. Apparently, self-disclosure of breast cancer diagnosis may have negative effects at work. About half of patients reported that they had support from family, managers and colleagues; however, for nearly 28% of employed women, disclosure had less positive effects. In particular, it altered their perception of others, produced difficulties with work and family and diminished closeness with the people who were told. However, the stigma of BC is far less than it once was.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.35-51
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• 2015

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the various reasons that might lead single women to choose not to marry. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were arranged with 18 single women who met the criteria for the present research purpose. We considered only those responses of the interviewees that are directly related to their reasons why they choose not to marry, where the collected data were analyzed in three steps by methods of thematic analysis. As a result of the analysis, the reasons for which they chose not to marry could be grouped into three main clusters of themes which may be labeled as (1) themes centered on 'Myself', (2) themes centered on 'Family' and (3) themes centered on 'Surrounding Environments and Friends'. Among the first category of themes of 'Myself', we have found five sub-themes such as "Lack of emotional communication", "Not-found spouse meeting my criteria", "My personality", "Self-narcissism or self-centeredness", "False beliefs in marriage". As for the second category of themes 'Family', three sub-themes have been found including "Family of origin conflict", "Closeness to family of origin", "Comfortable daily lives". And for the final category of themes 'Surrounding Environments and Friends', there were found three sub-themes which include "Negative effects of married friends", "Emotional support system", "Changing social atmosphere". In all there are eleven sub-themes to consider. On the basis of these results, we presented some conclusions on the reasons why single women in their thirties or forties choose not to marry. We also presented some implications of these results on population education and future research.

• Journal of Family Relations
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.155-183
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study identified the perceived quality of parent-child relationships and attitudes toward filial duty contracts among young adult children. Also, this study is to examine the effects of sociodemographic characteristics and perceived quality parent-child relationships on the attitudes toward filial duty contracts and the requirement for filial duty contract details. Method: For this study, a survey was conducted with 210 college student children in young adulthood in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. The questionnaire consisted of the 'Attitudes toward Filial Duty Contracts Scale', the 'Requirement for Filial Duty Contract Details Scale', and the 'Quality of Parent-Child Relationships Scale' with a demographic questionnaire. Specifically, the Attitudes toward Filial Duty Contracts Scale consisted of the support for contract, the intention of contract, and reservation contract amount on young adult children's mind. Data were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. Results: The major findings of this study are as follows: First, young adult children reported the relationship with mother better than father's and mid levels of support and intention of filial duty contract. They also showed that their reservation contract amount on their mind was about 500 million won. Second, the multiple regression analyses revealed that gender and pride of one's father positively related to their support for filial contract. Also, gender, the pride of one's father, and emotional closeness to one's father significantly affected their intention of filial contract. In addition, among the variables, only monthly family income significantly predicted their reservation contract amount. Finally, the multiple regression analyses revealed that birth order and gender significantly predicted the normative duty contract. Also, the pride of one's father significantly affected the emotional support contract. However, filial duty contract details such as caregiving for sick parents, physical support, and economic support have been found to be meaningless. Conclusions: The findings suggest that preparative education of aging for parents who are considering making the filial duty contracts with their children should include some realistic advice. These pieces of advice include their parent-child relationship and consideration of their own overall asset sizes.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.37 no.7
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• pp.1039-1048
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• 2007

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of coronary heart disease risk factors in healthy men and women. Method: The subjects of this study were 346 people (173 men and women aged 20 years and over) who received health screenings. Data was collected from December 1, 2005 to February 28, 2006. The FANTASTIC Lifestyle Assessment Inventory except smoking and the Framingham risk score of subjects were investigated. Data was analyzed by descriptive analysis, t-test, ANOVA, pearson correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression using the SPSS 10.0 program. Results: The mean score of the lifestyle of the women (64.24) was higher than that of the men (59.12). The mean score of the risk of coronary heart disease of the men (5.28%) was higher than that of the women (0.28%). The framingham risk for men was significantly related to lifestyle such as dietary habit, use of caffeine and drugs, anxiety and depression, job satisfaction, and closeness with family. The main predictors of framingham risk for men and women were 'use of caffeine and drugs', and 'menopause' which explained 16.5%, and 30.7% respectively. Conclusion: Since lifestyles can be changed with effort, coronary heart disease can be prevented while people are healthy.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.557-566
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• 2015

This study investigated the effects of multi-culture acceptability and multi-culture teaching efficacy on young child-teacher relationships. The teachers' attitude towards multi-culture education was included in the analysis as a mediator between multi-culture acceptability and multi-culture teaching efficacy. Participants were 295 teachers and 295 young children between 3 and 5 years in childcare centers located in Seoul, Incheon, Ulsan, Gyeonggi, and North Gyeongsang Province. Teachers completed questionnaires regarding multi-culture acceptability, multi-culture teaching efficacy, and attitude towards multi-culture education. Collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, Structural Equation Model, and Sobel test with SPSS ver. 18.0 and AMOS ver. 21.0. The results were as follows. First, the subscale of multi-culture acceptability and multi-culture teaching efficacy generally showed a positive correlation with closeness and conflict in the subscale of young child-teacher relationships. Second, teacher's multi-culture acceptability directly influenced the young child-teacher relationship. In addition, the impact of multi-culture teaching efficacy on young child-teacher relationship was mediated perfectly by the multi-culture education attitude. The results suggest that the multi-culture teaching efficacy promote early childhood multicultural education attitudes and that can be changed to positive teacher relationships.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.603-617
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• 2018

This study analyzed research trends in the field of Practical Arts (Technology & Home Economics) education. From 958 articles published between 2010 and 2018 in the Journal of Korean Practical Arts Education (JKPAE), Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association (JHEEA), and Korean Journal of Technology Education Association (KJTEA), 958 keywords were extracted and analyzed using NetMiner 4. When the general network structure was analyzed, keywords such as practical arts education, curriculum, textbook, home economics education, and students were high in the degree centrality and closeness centrality, and textbook, practical arts education, curriculum, student, home economics education, and invention were high in the node betweenness centrality. The cluster analysis showed that a four-cluster solution was most appropriate: cluster 1, technology and experiential learning activities; cluster 2, curriculum studies and practical problem; cluster 3, relationships; and cluster 4, creativity and character education. The three journals showed differences in the knowledge network structure: The topics of JKPAE and JKHEEA focused on general content knowledge and curriculum, while the topics of KJTEA were spread across invention and creativity education, and curriculum studies.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.475-479
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• 2013

Background: In this study we aimed to determine the rate and habitual patterns of smoking, intentions of cessation, dependence levels and sociodemographic characteristics of relatives of patients with a diagnosis of cancer. Materials and Methods: This study was designed by the Turkish Oncology Group, Epidemiology and Prevention Subgroup. The relatives of cancer patients were asked to fill a questionnaire and Fagerstrom test of nicotine dependence. Results: The median ages of those with lower and higher Fagerstrom scores were 40 years and 42 years, respectively. We found no evidence of variation between the two groups for the remaining sociodemographic variables, including the subject's medical status, gender, living in the same house with the patient, their educational status, their family income, closeness to their cancer patients or spending time with them or getting any help or wanting to get some help. Only 2% of the subjects started smoking after cancer was diagnosed in their loved ones and almost 20% of subjects had quit smoking during the previous year. Conclusions: The Fagerstrom score is helpful in determining who would be the most likely to benefit from a cigarette smoking cessation program. Identification of these people with proper screening methods might help us to pinpoint who would benefit most from these programs.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.600-612
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• 2017

Purpose: This study aimed to identify and compare hospice care research topics between Korean and international nursing studies using text network analysis. Methods: The study was conducted in four steps: 1) collecting abstracts of relevant journal articles, 2) extracting and cleaning keywords (semantic morphemes) from the abstracts, 3) developing co-occurrence matrices and text-networks of keywords, and 4) analyzing network-related measures including degree centrality, closeness centrality, betweenness centrality, and clustering using the NetMiner program. Abstracts from 347 Korean and 1,926 international studies for the period of 1998-2016 were analyzed. Results: Between Korean and international studies, six of the most important core keywords-"hospice," "patient," "death," "RNs," "care," and "family"-were common, whereas "cancer" from Korean studies and "palliative care" from international studies ranked more highly. Keywords such as "attitude," "spirituality," "life," "effect," and "meaning" for Korean studies and "communication," "treatment," "USA," and "doctor" for international studies uniquely emerged as core keywords in recent studies (2011~2016). Five subtopic groups each were identified from Korean and international studies. Two common subtopics were "hospice palliative care and volunteers" and "cancer patients." Conclusion: For a better quality of hospice care in Korea, it is recommended that nursing researchers focus on study topics of patients with non-cancer disease, children and family, communication, and pain and symptom management.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.127-164
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• 2003

This study investigates how Korean children and adolescents perceive their parents using the indigenous psychological approach. An open-ended questionnaire was developed by the first two authors to investigate reasons why children and adolescents feel grateful, respect, indebted, close, conflict, and distance with their parents. A total of 763 participants (212 grade three students, 267 grade eight students, and 284 grade eleven students) completed the questionnaire. The results can be summarized into three main points. First, the vast majority of children and adolescents feel grateful, respect, and indebted to their parents. They feel grateful, respect and indebted for the sacrifice and suffering they experience looking after the family. Moreover, they respects their parents because of their sincerity, blood relationship, benevolence, guidance and educational support. They feel indebted since they did not obey them, were not able to meet their expectations, and were not diligent in their schoolwork. They felt especially close to their mother. The conflict they felt was due to generational gap and in their academic performance. Second, age affects how they perceive their parents. The parent-child conflict increases with age. The feeling of indebtedness also increase with age. However, the feeling of gratefulness and respects decreases with age. The feeling of closeness with father also decreases with age. Third, socio-economic status and educational achievement of children and adolescent affect the perception of their parents. Those with higher academic grade and socio-economic status are more likely to feel respect and indebtedness and less likely to feel conflict and distance.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.209-223
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• 2010

This research how self-esteem and consumption behavior for adolescent consumers are differentiated different psychological home environment and how the psychological home environment during adolescence self-esteem and consumption behavior. The result of the research as follows. First, when the psychological home environment categorized in 4 subgroups, accomplishment-non-accomplishment zone had average 3 points sense of non-accomplishment. Setting the aspiration level and striving to achieve such level were reviewed to be low. In autonomous-heteronomous, it is thought that with more allowance more responsible for actions and autonomous actions such as respecting personal opinions. Secondly, all 5 sub-groups of the self-esteem level for adolescent consumers showed average of approximately 3 points, a normal standard self-esteem When the overall school score is high self-esteem was also given high points. It can be thought that the school scores provide positive or negative effect on pride, future and surrounding situations. When psychological home environment was deemed positive in the relationship between psychological home environment and self-esteem, evaluation and the faith how other people recognize one were also thought positively. Thirdly, 4 subgroups of the consuming behavior for adolescent consumers had under 3 points for trend pursuit, showing a less severe trend pursuit by adolescents then expected. Consumer behavior for different psychological home environment and self-esteem showed that consumers selected a utility, while trendy and unique consumer behavior was found with middle level of open-closeness when a sense of accomplishment was significant among the psychological home environment.