• 스마트미디어저널
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.85-94
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• 2024

Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT), which combines AI and the Internet of Things (IoT), has recently gained popularity. Deep neural networks (DNNs) have achieved great success in many applications. Deploying complex AI models on embedded boards, nevertheless, may be challenging due to computational limitations or intelligent model complexity. This paper focuses on an AIoT-based system for smart sewing automation using edge devices. Our technique included developing a detection model and a decision tree for a sufficient testing scenario. YOLOv5 set the stage for our defective sewing stitches detection model, to detect anomalies and classify the sewing patterns. According to the experimental testing, the proposed approach achieved a perfect score with accuracy and F1score of 1.0, False Positive Rate (FPR), False Negative Rate (FNR) of 0, and a speed of 0.07 seconds with file size 2.43MB.

• 약학회지
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.266-270
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• 2003

We evaluated four commercially available methamphetamine immunoassays for their relative cross-reactivities of amphetamine analogues in human urine: Abbott TDx, Vitalab Selectra and on-site test kits (Accusign MET, SD bioline MET). High cross-reactivities were shown at designer's drugs such as methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDEA) in all of the tested immunoassays. Methoxyphenamine, fenfluramine and phentermine were positive in TDx and Selectra, but were not positive in on-site test kits. Pseudoephedrine, norpseudoephedrine, ephedrine, norephedrine, MDMA, MDA, fenfluramine and phentermine were detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(GC/MS) in false positive urines. Since the overall specificity of any of the devices was not 100％, we found it is important to confirm any positive screening test result, so we developed simultaneous determination of amphetamine analogues in urines. After alkalinization of the urine samples with 6-N NaOH, the analytes were extracted using ethyl acetate, derivatized with pentafluoropropyl anhydride (PFPA) prior at GC/MS analysis.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.11-19
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• 1997

Clinical lymphadenopathies are subjected to fine needle aspiration cytology(FNAC) for diagnosing not only benign lesions but also malignant ones, as the first diagnostic procedure. While the diagnostic reliability in metastatic carcinoma is high, it is difficult to differentiate malignant lymphoma from reactive conditions. We evaluated the diagnostic reliability of FNAC in lymphadenopathy, and discuss the diagnostic limitation and its place in clinical practice in this study, Over 8 years from January 1988, FNAC of 1,216 lymphadenopathies were analyzed and among them 170 cases were compared with histopathology. The results are as follows. 1. Of ail the cases, 890 cases(73.2%) were diagnosed cytologically as benign, 312 cases(25.7%) as malignant, and 14 cases(1.1%) as unsatisfactory material. Reactive hyperplasia was diagnosed in 585 cases(65.7%) of the benign lesions, and among the malignant diseases, metastatic carcinoma was diagnosed in 248 cases(79.5%), and malignant lymphoma in 62 cases(19.9%). 2. The overall diagnostic accuracy was 89.2%, and no false positive case and 9 false negative results were observed among 170 cases which were proven by histopathology. Six cases of sampling error of false negative diagnoses included 3 of metastatic carcinomas and 3 of malignant lymphomas. The causes were difference between aspiration and biopsy site, poor fixation, or scanty cellularity with bloody smear. All 3 cases of misinterpretation error were malignant lympliomas, one of mixed type on biopsy which was diagnosed as reactive hyperplasia cytologically. In summary, FNAC technique is thought to be useful in the initial diagnosis of lymphadenopathies as well as in the follow-up of patients with known malignancy. Although the results of malignant lymphoma was less accurate than other malignant lesions, the application of strict cytologic criteria or lymphoid marker studies of aspiration material will reduce the false negative rate.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.444-450
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• 2013

지능형 차량의 안전 주행을 위해서 주변 차량의 상태를 파악하고, 충돌 위험도를 판단하는 일은 매우 중요하다. 특히 중앙선을 침범하여 주행하는 차량과의 충돌은 치명적일 수 있다. 맞은편에서 다가오는 차량의 중앙선 침범을 지능형 차량의 주요 센서 가운데 하나인 레이더 센서만을 이용하여 예측하면 센서의 특성상 발생하는 노이즈로 인해 오인식의 가능성이 높다. 오인식은 중앙선 침범보다 더 위험한 결과를 초래하기도 한다. 본 논문에서는 레이더 신호에 IMM을 사용한 추적 알고리즘과 퍼지 논리를 적용하여 중앙선 침범 예측의 정확도를 높이고 오인식을 감소시킬 수 있는 알고리즘을 제안한다. 퍼지 로직은 레이더 신호와 IMM알고리즘의 결합을 적절히 조절하는 기능을 한다. 제안된 알고리즘은 컴퓨터 모의 실험을 통해 오인식의 감소가 효과적으로 이루어짐이 검증되었다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제72권5호
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• pp.416-425
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• 2012

Background: The sensitivities and specificities of interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) vary among different population studies, and the data on the routine use of IGRAs are limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT) test in the diagnosis of active tuberculosis. Methods: We conducted a prospective study, enrolling 77 patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), at a secondary care teaching hospital in Seoul. Results: In total, 12 (15.6%) patients showed indeterminate results due to positive control failure on the QFT-GIT test. Indeterminate results were significantly associated with the elderly, history of the intensive care unit stay, lymphocytopenia, especially low CD4 count, increased C-reactive protein and decreased protein levels. Of the 77 patients, 44 (57.1%) were diagnosed with active pulmonary tuberculosis, and the percentage of false negative results of the QFT-GIT was 36.4% (vs. 31.8% with TST). In the TB group with >65 years old (n=12), the proportions of the indeterminate (33.3% vs. 3.1%) and the false negative results (58.3% vs. 25.0%) of the QFT-GIT were significantly higher than in the younger TB group (n=32). Conclusion: Indeterminate and false negative results of QFT-GIT test were not infrequent in tuberculosis, especially in the elderly. Care should be considered for the interpretation with the elderly, immunocompromised, chronic and severely diseased patients.

• 철학연구
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• 제123권
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• pp.245-279
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• 2012

이 논문의 목적은 법실증주의의 대표적인 인물인 한스 켈젠의 자연법론 비판을 소개하고, 이 비판이 안고 있는 몇 가지 문제점을 적시하는 데 있다. 켈젠의 자연법론 비판의 핵심은 모든 자연법이 존재에서 당위를 연역하는 심각한 오류를 범하고 있다는 것이다. 여기에 대하여 본 논문은 켈젠의 시각이 지나치게 편협하다는 것을 보여주고, 그가 법실증주의라는 진중(陣中) 논리에 지나치게 경도되어 있다는 점을 보여주고자 한다. 첫째, 켈젠은 여러 가지 논리적 오류를 범하고 있다는 점을 보여준다. 둘째, 그가 말하는 자연은 오직 자연과학의 대상이 되는 자연이다. 따라서 자연에 대한 개념을 너무 좁히는 잘못을 범하고 있다는 점을 보여주고자 한다. 셋째, 모든 자연법론자들은 자연, 즉 존재로부터 당위를 연역하는 오류를 범하고 있다는 켈젠 비판의 논리적 편협성을 지적하고자 한다. 넷째, 자연법론자들은 모두 자연법 체계를 연역적으로 도출한다고 켈젠은 주장한다. 그러나 켈젠의 이런 주장은 소수의 자연법론자들에게 만 타당하다. 마지막으로, 켈젠의 비판을 벗어날 수 있는 건전한 자연법론으로서 칸트의 자연법론과 마리땡의 자연법론을 짤막하게 소개하고자 한다. 그리고 이들의 자연법론의 건전성을 부각시키고자 한다.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.55-63
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• 2006

Nimda, Code Red, 그리고 SQL Slammer 등과 같은 웜에 의한 피해 사례가 증가하면서 이를 방어하기 위한 대응 기술 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 웜에 의해 발생한 비정상 트래픽을 효과적으로 차단할 수 있는 네트워크 대역폭 조절 방식의 단계적 대응 시스템 설계 내용을 보이고, 기존 패턴 기반 비정상행위탐지 방식의 이원적(True/False) 대응 기법과 이론적으로 비교하고자 한다. 일정 시간동안 특정 네트워크를 통과하는 정상 트래픽 비율과 오탐지 트래픽 비율을 비교 기준으로 하여 두 기법을 이론적으로 비교한 결과, 임의의 시간 동안 전체 네트워크 트래픽에서 비정상 트래픽이 차지하는 비율을 $\beta$라고 할 경우, 이원적 대응 기법에 비하여 단계적 대응 기법의 평균 정상트래픽 비율은 (1+$\beta$)/2만큼 증가하고, 평균 오탐지 트래픽 비율은 (1+$\beta$)/2만큼 감소함을 알 수 있었다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제58권5호
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• pp.183-189
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• 2015

Purpose: Catheter urine (CATH-U) and suprapubic aspiration (SPA) are reliable urine collection methods for confirming urinary tract infections (UTI) in infants. However, noninvasive and easily accessible collecting bag urine (CBU) is widely used, despite its high contamination rate. This study investigated the validity of CBU cultures for diagnosing UTIs, using CATH-U culture results as the gold standard. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 210 infants, 2- to 24-month-old, who presented to a tertiary care hospital's pediatrics department between September 2008 and August 2013. We reviewed the results of CBU and CATH-U cultures from the same infants. Results: CBU results, relative to CATH-U culture results (${\geq}10^4$ colony-forming units [CFU]/mL) were widely variable, ranging from no growth to ${\geq}10^5CFU/mL$. A CBU cutoff value of ${\geq}10^5CFU/mL$ resulted in false-positive and false-negative rates of 18% and 24%, respectively. The probability of a UTI increased when the CBU bacterial count was ${\geq}10^5/mL$ for all infants, both uncircumcised male infants and female infants (likelihood ratios [LRs], 4.16, 4.11, and 4.11, respectively). UTIs could not be excluded for female infants with a CBU bacterial density of $10^4-10^5$ (LR, 1.40). The LRs for predicting UTIs based on a positive dipstick test and a positive urinalysis were 4.19 and 3.11, respectively. Conclusion: The validity of obtaining urine sample from a sterile bag remains questionable. Inconclusive culture results from CBU should be confirmed with a more reliable method.

• 대한유전성대사질환학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.150-155
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• 2014

The measurement of $17{\alpha}$-hydroxyprogesterone ($17{\alpha}$-OHP) in a dried blood spot on filter paper is an important for screening of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). Since high levels of $17{\alpha}$-OHP are frequently observed in premature infants without congenital adrenal hyperplasia, we evaluated cuts-off based on birth weight and performed validation. Birth weight and $17{\alpha}$-OHP concentration data of 292,204 newborn screening subjects in Greencross labopratories were analyzed. The cut-off values based on birth weight were newly evaluated and validated with the original data. The mean $17{\alpha}$-OHP concentration were 7.25 ng/mL in very low birth weight (VLBW) group, 4.02 ng/mL in low birth weight (LBW) group, 2.53 g/mL in normal birth weight (NBW) group, and 2.24 ng/mL in heavy birth weight (HBW) group. The cut-offs for CAH were decided as follows: 21.12 ng/mL for VLBW and LBW groups and 11.14 ng/mL for NBW and HBW groups. When applied new cut-offs for original data, positive rates in VLBW and LBW groups were decreased and positive rates in NBW and HBW groups were increased. The cut-offs based on birth weight should be used in the screening for CAH. We believe that our new cut-off reduce the false positive rate and false negative rate and our experience for cut-off set up and validation will be helpful for other laboratories doing newborn screening test.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.192-199
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• 1994

Since 1950s, fine needle aspiration(FNA) cytology has become increasingly popular and numerous reports have demonstrate its accuracy, safety and cost-effectiveness. To evaluate the role of diagnostic FNA cytology in the thyroid nodule, authors compared preoperative cytologic findings with postoperative histologic diagnosis in two hundred two thyroid nodules underwent surgical resection at Department of Surgery, Pusan Paik Hospital. from July 1990 to December 1993. FNA and thyroidectomy was performed primarily by one Head and Neck surgeon and specimen was interpreted by several pathologists. One hundred seventy two FNAs(85%) were interpreted as positive for benign lesion or carcinoma and thirty(15%, cystic in 25, non-cystic lesion in 5 cases) were unsatisfactory specimens for interpretation. The preoperative cytologic diagnosis of 172 cases revealed 'benign' in 112. 'suspicious cancer' in 10 and 'cancer' in 50 cases. Postoperative pathologic diagnosis showed 'nodular goiter' in 64. 'benign tumor' in 43, 'thyroiditis' in 4 and 'cancer' in 61 cases. The value of preoperative FNA diagnosis for thyroid cancer yielded a sensitivity of 85.2%, a specificity of 92.7%, false negative rate 5.2%, false positive rate 4.5% and positive predictive value and overall accuracy were 86.6% and 90.1% respectively. Preoperative rate of malignancy could be increased up to 35.5% by using FNA.