• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.442-450
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• 2012

In this study, fire resistance and residual strength were examined after the addition of PF fiber and bonding fireproofing gypsum board to a high strength concrete-model column of 50 MPa grade. At the beginning of the experiment, all the properties of base concrete appeared to satisfy the target range. In terms of the internal temperature record, a trend of slightly high temperature was shown when the fireproofing gypsum board was not bonding, and when the fireproofing gypsum board was bonding, as PF content increased gradually, the temperature was gradually lowered. In terms of the relationship, as time elapsed a low temperature was shown when fiber was mixed, and when the board was bonding, the trend of lower temperature could be confirmed. Meanwhile, in terms of spalling property, a severe explosive fracture was generated at PF 0%, and falling off was prevented as the fiber content was increased; however, discoloration and a multitude of cracks were discovered, and when the board was bonding, the trend in which the exterior became satisfactory when the content was increased emerged. In terms of the residual compressive strength, measuring of strength could not be performed at PF 0% without bonding of board, and the strength was increased as the fiber content was increased; however, there was a decrease in strength of about 30 ~ 40%, and in the case of PF 0% with the bonding of board, the strength could be measured; however, about an 80% decrease in strength was shown, and only about a 10 ~ 20% decline in strength was displayed, as the range of decrease was reduced as the fiber content was increased. Considering all of these factors, it was determined that a more efficient enhancement of fire resistance was obtained when two methods are applied in combination rather than when the PF fiber content and bonding of fireproofing gypsum board are utilized individually.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.39-50
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• 2011

In this paper, we presents a CDR circuit for $2^{nd}$-generation AiPi+, one of the Intra-panel Interface. The speed of the proposed clock and data recovery is increased to 1.25 Gbps compared with that of AiPi+. The DLL-based CDR architecture is used to generate the multi-phase clocks. We propose the simple scheme for frequency detector (FD) to mitigate the harmonic-locking and reduce the complexity. In addition, the duty cycle corrector that limits the maximum pulse width is used to avoid the problem of missing clock edges due to the mismatch between rising and falling time of VCDL's delay cells. The proposed CDR is implemented in 0.18 um technology with the supply voltage of 1.8 V. The active die area is $660\;{\mu}m\;{\times}\;250\;{\mu}m$, and supply voltage is 1.8 V. Peak-to-Peak jitter is less than 15 ps and the power consumption of the CDR except input buffer, equalizer, and de-serializer is 5.94 mW.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.51-58
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• 2020

Middle-aged women who have experienced the depression have been in pain for a long time. Depression in middle-aged women, which is rapidly increasing from their forties, has a problem that do not decrease in spite of various treatment methods. If the essential cause of depression in middle-aged women is due to the inability to detect the meaning of life because of the lack of the perception about the identity resulting from self-loss, a more qualitative research for a fundamental treatment method is required. The purpose of this study is to find out the essence and meaning of the experience of depression in middle-aged women and to help them to find their own selves through the process of individualization and to recover the whole health as well as to live as a self-transcendent being. Three Christian middle-aged women falling on critical and serious condition by BDI diagnosis were selected for the study. In-depth counseling and interviews were held from January to August 2018. In-depth counseling has provided detailed statements about the process of individualization of middle-aged women who have experienced depression, which applied 5 stages of Giorgi's Phenomenological Research Methodology. As a result, 261 semantic units and 11 sub-components were derived and structured by dividing them into two themes: depression experience and the process of individualization process, which are the subject group. This study has its significance in realizing essential meaning of pain by middle-aged women who experience depression and fundamentally preparing an opportunity to be cured through the process of individualization, as well as contributing for such middle-aged women to have abundant living by suggesting preventive measures to general middle-aged women who prepare for their old age.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.1585-1592
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• 2018

Due to un-balancing weight allocation on the wheelchair the existing wheelchair system are faced with the risk of flipping or falling when a wheelchair goes up to a hill. In to order to be safer during riding the wheelchair, in this paper, we proposed a real-time new solution using the integrated Gyro Sensor and Tilt Sensor for controlling the balance. Because the typical property of wheelchair is for the special user who meets the difficulty in moving on foot the maintain the balance of wheel-chair systems have become important and helpful. In our method, we calculate the seat angle using information from Tilt Sensor. However, due to the law of inertia when a wheelchair is moving there is a deviation in the output value of Tilt Sensor. Therefore, we have to optimize the value of the angle by utilizing the acceleration that is the output of the Gyro Sensor. We took the advantages by using the combination of Gyro and Tilt sensors. Moreover, we also solved the consumption issue of the whole system. Through various experimentations with usage of ZigBee sensor module, the power consumption for the balancing system is reduced significantly.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.39-49
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to find out how sleep characteristics by Sasang constitution (SC) appear in Vietnamese immigrant women in Korea, and how sleep aberration by SC affected the quality of life. The number of 217 Vietnamese immigrant women joined this study. We surveyed SC with Korea Sasang Constitutional Diagnostic Questionnaire (KS-15) and sleep characteristics with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI) questionnaire. We evaluated quality of life(QoL) with Euro Quality of Life-5Dimension(EQ 5D) questionnaire. A Chi-square test and a one-way ANOVA test were conducted according to SC, and T test also used to compare PSQI groups. Significant p was .05. The number(rate) of Taeeumin(TE), Soeumin(SE), and Soyangin(SY) were 40(18.4%), 55(25.3%), and 122(56.2%) respectively. The distribution of obstructive factors of sleep were significantly different according to SC(Too Cold in Sleeping, x =13.378, p=.037, Too Hot in Sleeping x²=12.834, p=.046). The distribution of daytime drowsiness(x²=15.379, p=.018) and falling concentration power (x²=17.533, p=.008) was significantly different according to SC. The sleep status of the subjects showed a significant negative correlation with the EQ 5D Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) (r =-.399, p<.001), and the EQ 5D Index (r=-.211, p=.002). In the EQ VAS, TE showed a difference between the good and bad sleeping groups (t=3.955, p<.001). SE showed a difference between the two groups in the EQ 5D Index (t=2.332, p=.037). SY did not show a difference between the two groups. This study reveals that sleeping is closely related with QoL and distribution of obstructive factors of sleep may be different according to SC. Further study to confirm the constitutional difference in race at Vietnam is needed.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.23-31
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• 2011

The simple bacteria cooperative optimization (sBCO) algorithm that we developed as one of optimization algorithms has shown relatively good performances, but their performances were limited by step-by-step movement of individuals at a time. In order to solve this problem, we proposed a new method that assigned a speed to each individual according to its rank and it was confirmed that it improved the performances of sBCO in some degree. In addition to the assigning of speed to the individuals, we employed a new mutation operation that most existing evolutionary algorithms used in order to enhance the performances of sBCO in this paper. A specific percent of bad individuals are mutated within an area that is proportion to the rank of the individual in the mutation operation. That is, Gaussian noise of large standard deviation is added as the fitness of individuals is low. From this, the probability that the individuals with lower ranks can be located far from its parent will be increased. This causes that the probability of falling into local optimum areas is decreased and the probability of fast escaping the local optimum areas is increased. From experimental results with four function optimization problems, we showed that the performances of sBCO with mutation operation and individual speed were increased. If the optimization function is quite complex, however, the performances are not always better. We should devise a new method for solving this problem as a further work.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.51-60
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• 2013

The slime, deposited in the bored pile due to falling soil particle, reduces the bearing capacity of bored pile and thus the stability of construction also decreases. The weight pendulum and iron have been used for estimating the slime thickness based on the subjective judgment and thus the previous method has a limitation of reliability. The objective of this paper is to suggest the method for estimating the slime thickness by using characteristics of electrical resistivity as scientific method. The temperature-compensation resistivity probe (TRP), which has a conical shape and the diameter of 35.7mm, is applied to the measurement of the electrical resistivity in the borehole during penetration. The field tests are carried out for estimating the slime thickness in the application site of bored pile. The slime thickness is calculated through the difference between excavation depth of borehole and measured data. Furthermore, the laboratory tests are also conducted for investigating effects of casing, time elapsing and relative density by using the specimen of slime. The laboratory test supporting the suggested method is reasonable for determining the slime depth. The paper suggests that the electrical resistivity method may be a useful method for detecting slime thickness and the method is expected to be applicable to various sites of bored piles.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.651-668
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• 2017

For initial stability of the tunnel, the primary support, Shotcrete and rockbolt shall be placed in the most appropriate time. This is because the role of such support plays a vital role in long-term and short-term tunnel stability. In this study, the rock bolt is an important supporting system that receives the external pressure generated by the stress relaxation during tunnel excavation as axial force and transmits it to the shotcrete on the tunnel excavation surface. Until now, most of the materials of rock bolts have been used in the field, but there have been many problems such as uncertain quality of Chinese materials entering the market, poor packing due to falling down of rock bolts when filled with mortar, and corrosion due to water. Therefore, in this study, we have developed a high strength steel pipe rock bolt using Autobeam material to solve and improve various problems of existing rock bolts. In order to evaluate the performance of the developed bolt, field tests were carried out and the existing mortar filler in order to improve the performance of the rock bolt, the design and construction criteria were studied and the results were included in this paper.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.261-263
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• 1976

In 1975, a trial for channel catfish spawning was made for the first time in Korea, by stocking 11 pairs of brood fish in a $470m^2$ earthen pond provided with 5 cans of 35 cm in diameter with depths of about 60 cm as spawning nests. The same trial and another pen cage method combined with pituitary injection were practiced in 1976. All these trials failed without any spawning. On the other hand 4 females and 1 male were put in a recycling water system indoor aquarium for exhibition purpose it late spring of 1976. After removing 3 females which were injured from being bitten by the male, remaining one pair of the catfish spawned successfully in July and the most eggs developed normally. The water in the recycling system showed the pH range of 7.2 to 7.4,and mean water temperature of every 10 day period of a month gradually increased from 19.3 to 23.6C until spawning. The outdoor .ponds where the spawning was failed received water from the same origin as the indoor recycling system, and the mean temperature of every ten day period ranged Iron 17.2 to $29.8^{\circ}C$ in 1975 and 19.7 to $28.4^{\circ}C$ in 1976 these being considered well falling in the optimum range for catfish spawning, but pH ranged from 7.3 to 9.5 under the influence of photosynthesis of algae and weeds in the ponds. The high pH value may suppress the spawning of catfish as pointed out by Nelson in 1957.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.55-70
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• 2009

There is under restructuring of whole distribution market in Mokpo recently. Large-Scale Discount Stores such as E-mart, Lotte Mart, Homeplus and Nonghyup Hanaro Mart entered successfully in the distribution environment in Mokpo. However, the small and medium distributors are falling rapidly, and traditional market is depressed. This status gives some positive effects to make one-stop, good price, good quality and great variety of shopping for saving the time and effort through changing the customers' life-style. This change, however, made the traditional market worse that played as the core channel for trading the local special products and an important role for local economic in retailing market. It is a threatening factor for that traditional market to recover the recession. The decline of traditional market and the bankruptcy of small retailing dealers accelerate the stagnation of local economic and commercial power. Therefore, it need a systematic and synthetical study to solve the negative factors for improving life of the local resident. This paper looked into the concept, issues and development strategy of traditional market that affect local economic development directly. It studied the customers' awareness for traditional market that was recently modernized the facilities in Mokpo. Particularly, based on the research material that was published last academic symposium, it looked about the issues and development strategy that could happen in traditional market not the market of a specific region but all over the country. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is that the central and local government and retailers get a help to make the efficient and useful development strategy through analyzing the effects of customers for modernizing the facilities of traditional market.