• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.196-204
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• 2013

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze the number and influence factors of asbestos fibers in the air of farmhouses with asbestos cement slate roofing, as well as in rainwater per unit area of the asbestos cement slate roofing. Methods: At a distance of 1 m from the end of asbestos cement slate roofing in 20 farmhouses, the asbestos fiber in the air was collected three times on a clear day downwind from the prevailing wind. Rainwater falling from the slate roofing was collected four times with a 1.05-m rainwater pipe on a rainy day at the 20 farmhouses, filtered with a MCE filter, and analyzed with a phase contrast microscope. Results: The geometric mean of the number of asbestos fibers in the air of farmhouses with slate roofing was 0.11 fiber/L, and no samples exceeded the recommended standard of 10 fiber/L. As a result of multiple regression analysis, a factor which gave a significant influence to the asbestos fiber content in the air was the gross area of slate roofing at the target farmhouses. The number of asbestos fibers included in rainwater collected per 1 m2 of slate roofing was 1,753 fiber/$L{\cdot}m2$. As a result of multiple regression analysis, the number of asbestos fibers contained in rainwater per 1 m2 of slate showed a significantly higher tendency as the year of slate roofing installation at the target farmhouses receded. Conclusions: It was confirmed for the first time in Korea that asbestos from asbestos cement slate roofing scatters into the air.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 1991년도 추계학술발표회 논문집 지반공학에서의 컴퓨터 활용 COMPUTER UTILIZATION IN GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING
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• pp.108-122
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• 1991

주어진 터널 斷面 및 地盤條件을 對象으로 1次元 有限要素 프로그램인 MrSoil을 利用하여 數値解析을 遂行하고 그 結果를 本稿에 收錄하였다. 解析 모델은 過去의 터널 計測 結果等에 根據하여 터널 掘進 影 이 充分히 적은 地域까지로 擴張 設定하여 境界條件에 의한 解析結果에의 影響을 最小化하도록 하였으며, 3次元的인 터널 擧動을 適切히 Simulation 하기 위하여 施工順序를 導入하여 段階別로 解析을 遂行하였다. 解析結果 터널 天井部는 最大 約 35mm의 沈下가 豫想되며, 地表面 沈下는 13mm 以內로서 地上 構造物의 構造的인 被害는 없을 것으로 判斷된다. 支保工인 Shotcrete와 Rockbolt의 最大應力 및 軸力도 各各 84 Kg/cm2 및 9론 以內로서 許容値 以內이고, 掘面 周邊의 塑性領域은 Rockbolt 길이 以內로 制限되고 있으므로 天井部에 Forepoling을 設置한다면, 터널 安全에는 影響을 미치지 않을 것으로 判斷되므로 本 터널은 合理的이며 適切히 設計된 것으로 評價된다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.96-104
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• 2020

The numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the thermal-fluid phenomena occurred inside the experimental apparatus during a PCCS, used to remove heat released in accidents from a containment of light water nuclear power plant, operation. Numerical simulations of the flow and heat transfer caused by wall condensation inside the containment simulation vessel (CSV), which equipped with 18 vertical heat exchanger tubes, were conducted using the commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software ANSYS-CFX. Shear stress transport (SST) and the wall condensation model were used for turbulence closure and wall condensation, respectively. The simulation using the actual size of the apparatus. However, rather than simulating the whole experimental apparatus in consideration of the experimental cases, calculation resources, and calculation time, the simulation model was prepared only in CSV. Selective simulation was conducted to verify the effects of non-condensable gas(NC gas) concentration, CSV internal pressure, and wall sub-cooling conditions. First, as a result of the internal flow of CSV, it was observed that downward flow due to condensation occurred surface of the vertical tube and upward flow occurred in the distant place. Natural convection occurred actively around the heat exchanger tube. Due to this rising and falling internal flow, natural circulation occurred actively around the heat exchanger tubes. Next, in order to check the performance of built-in condensation model using according to the non-condensable gas concentration, CSV internal flow and wall sub-cooling, the heat flux values were compared with the experimental results. On average, the results were underestimated with and error of about 25%. In addition, the influence of CSV internal pressure and wall sub-cooling was small, but when the condensate was highly generated due to the low non-condensable gas concentration, the error was large compared to the experimental values. This is considered to be due to the nature of the condensation model of the CFX code. However, in spite of the limitations of CFD, it is valid to use the built-in condensation model of CFD for PCCS performance prediction from a conservative perspective.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.198-210
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• 1999

This study is to investigate sleep patterns of rheumatoid arthritis patients through a survey research. The subjects for this study were 97 patients registered in Hanyang University Hospital Rheumatoid Arthritis Center, and the period of data collection was from July 15, 1998 to August 30, 1998. The research instruments used in this study were the measures of sleep, pain, and fatigue, and SPSSWIN 8.0 Program was used for data analysis. The research results are as follows ; The patients went to bed between 11 and 12 p.m., but many of them found difficulty in falling asleep within 5 minutes. They woke up quite early at around 4 to 6 o'clock in the morning and remained in bed about 1 hour. Only 39 percent of the subjects reported satisfaction with their sleep. Fifty six percent of the subjects took a nap, generally did in the afternoon and 22.7 percent of them napped for half an hour. They suffered sleep disturbance, but their sleep environments were calm and comfortable, and they turn off the light when they went to sleep. As for the quality of sleep, over 50 percent of the subjects reported not being able to sleep deeply, 30 percent of the subjects woke up frequently during sleep, 60 percent experienced frequent arousal after sleep onset. Over 90 subjects slept for 6 to 8 hours. This shows that even though they had rheumatoid arthritis, the patients remained in bed for a sufficient period of time. They also reported waking up or turning frequently during sleep. The sense of fatigue from sleep disturbance scored a relatively high 35.84 points on average against the possible score of 64 points. Behavior for sleep promotion was very active. Sleep disturbance occurred in proportion to the sense of fatigue and pain, and was negatively correlated with quality of sleep. The pain had positive correlations with the illness duration, sleep disturbance and had a negative correlation with the quality of sleep.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.128-134
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• 2015

The number of schools which have passed 30 years after the construction takes up 30% (5% falling to class D and E) in Korea. So, the offices of education across the nation conduct large works for the expansion, improvement and renovation of the school. But as the work takes a lot of time, the work is also conducted while the students are studying at the schools. The work at the school causes the noise, dust, vibration as the school often has the reinforced concrete structure. So, as the windows are closed to prevent the nuisance from hampering the education, the problems related to the illumination, ventilation, and control of humidity and temperature are give damages to students studying the school buildings. Actually, as the current renovation or expansion is conducted across the nation due to the implementation of the new education system and the resulting integration and construction of hub school, specialized school, meister school and it causes a lot of nuisance to the learning students and others, there are a lot of complaints from concerned people. Accordingly this study suggests the method of evaluating the factors which affect the learning environment such as the noise, dust or fine dust and reducing the nuisances to the level proper for the learning environment when the existing school is expanded, improved or renovated.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.123-131
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• 2007

Purpose: To find the correlation between ambient temperature change and the efficacy of acupuncture on the postmenopausal hot flash. Methods: 52 patients entered a randomized clinical trial which was to verify the efficacy of acupuncture on postmenopausal hot flash. Participants were treated with optimal/minimal acupuncture in the course of 13 weeks. 34 of 52 visited for the temperature-rising period(Group 1), while 18 of 52 for the temperature-falling period(Group 2), 100mm hot flash VAS and average temperature were taken 18 times from each person. Linear mixed effects model was used to find the correlation between temperature and hot flash VAS score(p-value<0.05). Group1/2, optimal/minimal acupuncture, age, age of menarche, height, weight, percent body fat, BMI, waist-hip ratio, past history of hysterectomy and HRT were also examined. Results: Period of treatment had influence on the hot flash VAS. As time went by, hot flash decreased(p<.0000). Participants who underwent minimal acupuncture showed higher hot flash VAS(p=0.0479) and as waist-hip ratio rose, hot flash increased(p<.0000). As the temperature rose, hot flash VAS score became lower(p=0.0143) and it was because 34 of 52 participants were treated for the temperature-rising period. Group 1/2 had no interrelation with hot flash(p=0.5741). Conclusion: Hot flash diminished as participants were treated with acupuncture, independently of whether the ambient temperature rises or falls.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.2048-2061
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• 1991

본 연구에서는 이와 같은 구비조건과 문제점들을 해소하기 위하여 Fig.1과 같 이 볼 엔드 밀링의 절삭성과 경제적 절삭 속도식을 실용식의 형태로 표현하여 절삭조 건의 최적화를 위한 구속조건으로 설정하였고, 이를 자유곡면의 절삭경로 산출과정에 서 구속조건을 만족하면서 부품당의 생산비를 최소로 하는 스핀들속도와 이송속도를 결정하는 데에 적용하였다. 그리고 이는 실험모형에의 적용예를 통해 계산시간과 정 확도 및 절삭효과 등에 있어서 실용화의 가능성을 검토하였다. 이때 절삭력계를 해 석 함에 있어서는 기하학적 절삭 파라미터들에 대해 무차원적으로 정의된 절삭작용 누 적계수(accumulating coefficient)들을 이용하여 절삭력계를 선형화 된 실용식으로 표 현하였으며, 절삭 상수들과 절삭작용 누적계수들의 선형적 표현에 의해 평균 절삭력계 를 계산한 후, 토크 패턴 모델에 의해 절삭력 집중비를 구함으로써 실 절삭계의 주변 력(peripheral force), 드러스트, 토크, 동력 등을 예측하였다. 또한 절삭속도의 결 정에 있어서는 경제적 절삭속도 예측모델을 설정하여 가공비를 최소로 하는 절삭속도 를 선정토록 하였다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.1285-1290
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• 2004

From a view point of Hyungsang medicine a study is made on depressive syndromes through 'Donguibogam(東醫寶鑑)' ,'Clinical lectures by Mr. Jeesan(芝山先生 臨床學特講)' and other literature. Depressed energy(?) originally meant the disorder of vital energy in the circulation of nature with the lapse of time. In later, it has been changed to mean the disease of man, especially related to the mind. Depressive syndromes come from the stagnation of the Ki or the abnormal circulation(rising, falling, coming and going), which happens when man cannot adjust oneself to the circumstances due to the disharmony between internal and external conditions. Depressive syndrome easily attacks the following types of persons; Dam type person with excessive Ki and deficient Hyung(形), manly woman, womanly man, Bird type person who shows a great variety of emotion, Turtle type person declined to melancholy, Ki type person apt to be depressive, and Shin type person with upward gush of the fire. It also attacks the persons who have smudgy face with the scar between eyebrows, those whose pulses are mixture of two different kinds and those whose pulses extend on two ranges in Jeesan's diagram. Depressive syndromes recorded in 'Donguibogam' are globus hystericus, chest congestion, gastric discomfort, cough and asthma caused by depressed Ki, abdominal mass, edema, and tympanites. The most effective prescriptions for depressive syndromes are Eajintang(二陳湯), Guibitang(歸脾湯), Hyangsosan(香蘇散), and Gamisachiltang(加味四七湯).

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.95-103
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• 2013

Purpose: Iron deficiency remains a very common nutritional problem despite the improvement in nutrition and increased understanding of methods for its prevention. Thus, we try to create a new method for screening iron nutrition through infant nutrition history. Methods: Among the children who visited Inha University Hospital from March 2006 to July 2012, 181 children with iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and 52 children without IDA ranging from 6 to 36 months of age were reviewed in this study. We used the age when they began to wean food, the type of sort weaning foods, the time required for successful weaning, iron content in weaning foods, and the duration of breastfeeding for scoring infant nutrition history based on a questionnaire. Results: The mean score of the IDA group was $7.8{\pm}2.6$ points, which was significantly higher than that of the control group ($5.6{\pm}2.1$) (p=0.000). If we set up the cutoff value at 6 points, this screening has 86.8% sensitivity and 36% specificity. In addition, as the IDA score increased, there was a falling trend of hemoglobin. Conclusion: The IDA score does not have high specificity or high sensitivity. However, this study conveys that those patients who record a high score have low hemoglobin. Therefore, we suggest this score system for screening more IDA patients via nonpainful techniques.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.4079-4086
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• 1976

In many reservoir projects, economic considerations will necessitate a design utilizing surcharge. Determination of the most economical combination of surcharge and spillway capacity for a given spillway crest level will require flood routing studies and economic studies of the dam-reservoir-spillway combinations. Many methods of actual flood routing have been devised, each of them with its advantages and disadvantages. Some of these methods are listed below: (1) Arithmetical trial-and-error method. (2) Modified Puls' method (3) Cheng's graphical method (4) Horton's arithmetical method (5) Ekadahl's arithmetical method (6) Digital computer programming. For the purpose of preliminary design and cost estimating of dams and spillways, it is often required to estimate, for a given design flood and spillway crest level. the approximate values of two among the three characteristics of the spillway spillway length, maximum discharge and surcharge depth at maximum discharge, when one of these quantities is given. As is well known, the outflow hydrograph for an ungated overflow spillway assumes the form of a wave-shaped curve with a minimum point for Q=o At zero time and a maximum point for Q=Qmax at its intersection with the falling leg of the inflow hydrograph (see Fig. 4) The shaded area between the inflow and outflow hydrographs represents at the approximate scale the temporary retention Vt. In line with the remarks, draw by free hand the assumed outflow hydrograph with its maximum point for the given Qmax (see Fig. 4) and by planimetration find Vt. From the reservoir capacity curve (Fig. 3) find Vs for the given spillway crest level and make V=Vs+Vt. From the above curve find surcharge water elevation for V and surcharge depth Hmax over spillway crest. From the discharge formula compute {{{{L= { Q} over { { CH}^{3/2 } } }}}} The methed provides a means for a quick and fairly accurate estimation of spillway capacity.