• 사회복지연구
• /
• 제49권1호
• /
• pp.297-334
• /
• 2018

본 연구는 아동양육시설에서 성장한 개인이 어려운 환경과 다양한 역경에도 불구하고 시설퇴소 후 인간의 발달과업을 성공적으로 성취하는 것에 주목하고. 건강한 사회구성원으로서 삶을 이루는 과정에서 중요한 레질리언스 발현 과정과 내용을 분석하였다. 본 연구는 근거이론 연구방법으로 접근했으며 아동양육시설 퇴소 후 10년 이상 독립적인 생활을 한 성인 20명이 연구 참여자로 참여했다. 분석결과는 패러다임에 의한 범주분석에서 인과적 조건은 '현실적인 미래 계획 세우기', '긍정적 의미구성', '역지사지의 이해'로 나타났고, 맥락적 조건은 '자기 성찰성', '존재론적 의지처 찾기', '원초적 가족 친밀감'으로 나타났다. 중심현상은 '내실추구의 생활철학'으로 나타났다. 중재적 조건은 '세상 앞에 당당히 서기', '세상에 대한 믿음성'으로 나타났고, 작용/상호작용은 '철저한 자기관리', '가족성장 시키기'로 나타났다. 결과는 '사회적 가족만들기', '사회적 모델링되기'로 나타났다. 이상과 같은 분석결과를 토대로 논의를 거쳐 제언을 하였다.

• Journal of East-Asian Urban History
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.235-271
• /
• 2020

Tainan was the capital of Taiwan and was the largest commercial city in Taiwan with a significant number of ports. However, after the end of the Qing era, the functions of the capital and major ports were shifted to Taipei and Kaohsiung, thus leading Tainan to lose its position. This article focuses on festivals in the city. The Qing dynasty administrative agency set up a local government that grouped multiple villages based on the religious beliefs which were closely related to the concept of the urban space as the primary temple. Mazu is an object of worship that attracted the attention of city residents from the Taisho era to the colonial era. At the Mazu temple in Tainan, which has acquired a new mystery, a Mazu festival was conducted with Mazu patrols. This festival was conducted from 1915 to 1937, when it was canceled due to the temple reorganization movement. At the festival, multiple participating groups used to compete to earn the luxury of running the pavilions. The procession ran through the north side of the city on the first day and the south side of the city on the second day. During this festival, in addition to going around the villages of the old city, a touring route was planned for the procession to pass through major landmarks related to the colonial administration and the Ginza-dori Shopping Street, which was newly created during the Taisho era. Therefore, this procession was unique because it ensured that people could explore the old and new streets that were transformed through urban remodeling during the colonial period. Moreover, passing through the licensed quarters called Shin-machi, which was relocated through urban remodeling by the administrative agency, allowed people to visualize the urban structure of colonial Taiwan. Tainan city was renewed through remodeling during the colonial period, thus leading to the formation of a new commercial area. The spirit of the people in Tainan city can be gauged based on the fact that the festival was financially and religiously supported by the merchants who promoted it. The restoration of Mazu during the colonial period indicates the restoration of urban commerce in Tainan, which had fallen from its position as the primary port city in Taiwan since the end of the Qing period. Therefore, it can be considered to represent the restoration of the city.

• 여성건강간호학회지
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.329-337
• /
• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of eHealth literacy, reproductive health knowledge, and self-esteem on early adult women's health-promoting behaviors (HPB). This study was based on Pender's health promotion model as a theoretical underpinning. Methods: Early adult women aged 18 to 35 years (n=165) were recruited by posting advertisements on social network sites for a student club and a faith-based community in Ansan, Korea. Willing individuals were invited to participate in the online survey from June 1 to June 30, 2022. Standardized instruments were used to measure HPB, eHealth literacy, reproductive health knowledge, and self-esteem. General characteristics included income level, perceived subjective health, and internet usage time. The collected data were analyzed using the independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 21.97±3.87 years. The total HPB score was 120.69, corresponding to a moderate level; and the total scores for eHealth literacy (30.24), knowledge of reproductive health (23.04), and self-esteem (35.62) were higher than the midpoint. The model explained 53.3% of variance in HPB, and self-esteem (β=.48, p<.001) was the most influential factor. Other influential factors were, in descending order, higher economic level, higher subjective health status, greater eHealth literacy, and less internet use time (<2 hours/day). Conclusion: In order to promote the health of early adult women, counseling or programs that positively improve self-esteem appear promising, and eHealth literacy should be considered as a way to promote HPB using information technology.

• 대순사상과 동아시아종교
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.71-92
• /
• 2024

The world we live in is becoming more convenient thanks to the inventions of science and technology. Still, the world is also becoming more and more unpredictable with the current situation of VUCA (Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity, Ambiguity). The Covid-19 pandemic brought the biggest global disaster ever with 774,631,444 infected people and 7,031,216 deaths (WHO on February 11, 2024) but it seems that humanity is gradually forgetting this disaster. Meanwhile the economic stimulus packages worth trillions of dollars from governments after the pandemic have further caused the world debt bubble to swell. The bubble burst scenario is something that many economic experts fear. Apparently, in the transitional period of the early decades of the 21st century, the world's economic, cultural, political, social, natural, and environmental aspects have undergone profound transformations: from the real estate and finance crises in the United States since 2008; through the melting of the Arctic ice over the past several decades; to the double disaster of the earthquake and tsunami in Japan in 2011. Especially, in the context of the world economic crisis after the COVID-19 pandemic, the human achievements of the past thousands of years are in jeopardy of being wiped out in an instant. Many people are predicting a bad scenario for a chain collapse. Facing the signals of an imminent economic catastrophe based on the appearance of "the Gray Rhino, Black Swan and White Elephant," many drawn in by Eschatological thought declare that Doomsday will occur shortly. This is the time for many other people to hope for the incoming Messiah. The Messiah is said to appear when people feel despair or suffer a great disaster because faith in the Savior can help them overcome adversity mentally. This research will find out how adherents of Buddhism view and deal with civilizational crises by examining history via symbols associated with Maitreya as based upon the Buddhist Messiah, Maitreya.

• 한국철학논집
• /
• 제27호
• /
• pp.39-61
• /
• 2009

'마음(心)'의 구조와 원리에 대한 깨달음을 통해 인간의 유한성으로부터 해탈하는 것은 불교의 궁극적 목표였다. 마음에 대한 이해의 관점이 시대와 학파에 따라 달라진다 하더라도 그 목표는 항상 불교철학의 핵심적 주제였다. 특히 부파불교의 아비다르마(Ahbidharma) 철학과 대승불교의 유식(唯識vijñaptimātratā) 철학은 마음의 구조와 작용의 원리를 정밀하게 분석하여 체계화함으로써 마음에서 발생하는 번뇌로부터의 심적 해탈이라는 실천적 목표를 위한 이론적 토대를 마련하였다. 원효(元曉, 617~686)는 비록 신라에서만 활동하였으나 그의 저술들은 중국과 일본에 전해져 이 시기 동아시아 불교 사상계에서 매우 중요하게 평가되었다. 그는 중국의 지론종(地論宗)과 섭론종(攝論宗) 등 구(舊)유식학파의 이론적 전통에 서서 현장에 의해 새로이 인도에서 수입된 호법(護法)계통의 신유식 이론을 적극적으로 수용하였으며, 동시에 『대승기신론(大乘起信論)』을 중심으로 한 여래장(如來藏) 사상을 종합하여 독자적인 유식의 이론 체계를 형성하였다. 현존하는 원효의 저술 가운데 마음의 철학, 곧 심식론(心識論)에 대한 가장 체계적인 서술은 『대승기신론소(大乘起信論疏)』와 『대승기신론별기(大乘起信論別記)』에서 찾아볼 수 있다. 원효는 『대승기신론(大乘起信論)』의 이론 체계에 근거하여 심생멸의 원리를 『릉가경(楞伽經)』의 심식설과 유가유식(瑜伽唯識)학파의 팔식설(八識說)에 근거하여 해석한다. 심생멸은 그 원리가 작용하는 각 단계와 차원에 따라 ① 생·주·이·멸(生住異滅)의 사상(四相), ② 삼세육추(三細六麁), ③오의(五意) 및 의식(意識), ④ 육염심(六染心)의 네 가지 범주로 전변되는데, 원효는 이 네 범주에 팔식(八識)의 분위를 배대하여 해석한다. 본 논문에서는 이중 사상과 삼세육추를 중심으로 고찰하였다.

• 대순사상논총
• /
• 제24_2집
• /
• pp.231-270
• /
• 2015

This thesis examined Chu Hsi's self-cultivation theory as the representative theory of cultivation in Confucianism, while juxtaposing it to self-cultivation theory in Daesoon thought, concentrating on its similarity and difference. Neo-Confucianism is a scholarship which has wielded a tremendous influence upon East Asia, while functioning as an official scholarship for long period up to Yuan, Ming, and Ching period, after achieving its synthesis by Chu Hsi. After 13th century, Neo-Confucianism has been a representative academic system in Confucianism, and self-cultivation theory was in its center. It suggested various virtues that classical scholars have to equip to fulfill the sainthood and the politics of royal road. The self-cultivation theory of Chu Hsi was developed upon the basis of the theory 'Li-Qi' and the theory of mind. Here, the practice of Geokyung(morally awakened state with a reverent spirit in every moment) and Gyeokmul-tsiji(reaching into the utmost knowledge through investigation of things) formed a nucleus of Chu Hsi's self-cultivation theory. While Geokyung was to reveal one's true nature through cultivation of mind, Gyeokmul-tsiji was to demonstrate the complete use of mind's essence and function. Chu Hsi's self-cultivation theory attempted to realize the unity of heaven and man, and through cultivating self and governing people, it also tried to achieve its ideal of the society of Great Union(Daedong). Daesoon Thought is originated from Sangjenim who has descended to this world as a human being called Jeungsan. He went on his circuit to rectify the disorder of heaven and earth for 9 years to rectify the Three worlds of heaven, earth and human being which were faced with total annihilation due to its rule of mutual conflict, while creating an earthly paradise. Respecting the will of Sangjenim, Dojunim established the foundation of Do through launching 'Meukeukdo' and setting tenet, creed and object so that the cultivators (Doins) could believe and respect the truth of Sangje's great itineration (Daesoon). Among those, the two components of creed, which are four fundamental principles and the three fundamental attitudes are of great account as precept and cardinal point. Through this means, the cultivators of Daesoonjinrihoe aspire to guard against self-deception through transforming the human spirit, to realize earthly immortality through renewing human beings, and to create an earthly paradise through transforming the world. This thesis attempted to compare and analyze the theory of self-cultivation in Neo-Confucianism and Daesoon Thought in the aspect of ground, method, and object of cultivation. First, as for the ground of cultivation, the doctrines of Chu-tzu and Daesoon thought place the essence of cultivation on 'heaven'. Yet, whereas the former postulates Taekeuk (the Great Ultimate) as a principle as well as the heaven of a natural order, Daesoon thought postulates Sangenim as the heaven of superintendence as well as the heaven of a natural order, signified as its equation of Daesoon with circle, along with the unity of Meukeuk (Endlessness) and Taegeuk (the Great Ultimate). Further, the doctrine of Chu-zhu and Daesoon thought is identical in the point that both thoughts see mind as the subject of cultivation, while trying to restore a pure essence. Nevertheless, whereas Neo-Confucianism intends to give scope to ability of the complete use of mind's essence and function, Daesoon Thought sees mind as the essence which is used by spiritual beings and as an organ that heaven, earth and human being rely upon as the center of the universe. In the aspect of method of cultivation, the doctrine of Chuzhu lays emphasis on the rational factor in that it brightens its 'myung-deoki'(bright inner virtue),' while trying to correspond to the law of heaven on the basis of 'Geokyung' and 'Gyeokmul-tsiji.' On the contrary, Daesoon thought lays much emphasis on faith factor in that it aspires for human perfection based on the restoration of conscience by cultivating Daesoonjinri with sincerity, reverence and faith along with 'quieting the heart-mind', 'quieting the body', 'respecting the God of the Ninth Heaven', and 'observing ritual practice on the basis of the faith in Sangjenim. Yet, both thoughts have similarities in that cultivation of body forms the basis and that they attempt to realize their ideals through cultivation in daily life while taking 'Guarding against self-deception' as the key method of self-cultivation.' However, the principle of Chu-zhu can be said to be a voluntary and autonomous practice based on scripture of the saint as well as self-reflection. On the other hand, Daesoon thought reveals certain difference in that it combines faith factor with one's self-effort by concentrating on cultivation under the presence of Sangjenim as the object of belief and the spirits of heaven and earth. In the aspect of object of cultivation, both thoughts share similarities in that the saint and the perfected gentleman with a moral virtue as an ideal image of men in both thoughts attempt to realize each of their 'myung-deok' in human nature as a heavenly mandate while respecting morality. Further, they also share similarity in the point that the desirable characters in both thoughts want to participate in harmonious creation and nurturance. Yet, the perfected gentleman with a moral virtue is also characterized by its aim for a new heaven and earth where there is no mutual conflict but mutual beneficence, by promoting the moral influence and virtue of Sangjenim over one's own virtue, while practising the mutual beneficence of all life through harmonious union of divine beings and human beings.

• 대순사상논총
• /
• 제48집
• /
• pp.269-303
• /
• 2024

동학에서는 인간이 한울님으로 성화(聖化)된 상태를 '인내천(人乃天)'이라고 한다. 동학의 성·경·신은 마음에 모시고 있는 한울님을 믿고, 한울님을 공경하면서 그 가르침을 지극정성으로 실천함을 요체로 삼아 인내천의 구현이 관건이 되고 있다. 이에 반해 대순사상 삼요체는 종교의미의 성·경·신으로 동학 도덕 의미의 성·경·신과 구별된다. 대순사상 삼요체의 성·경·신은 도덕적 자각을 벗어나서 절대자로서 상제를 신앙한다. 이에 대순사상 삼요체로서 성·경·신은 상제 의지가 실현된 지상 선경을 그 목표로 삼는다. 지상 선경 건설에 동참하는 인간은 성·경·신 실천을 중시한다. 대순사상에서는 상제에 대한 정성과 공경 그리고 믿음을 다할 때 후천의 모든 복록이나 수명까지 무위이화로 주어진다고 말한다. 이에 대순사상 삼요체 성·경·신은 상제 모시는 종교적 신앙에 따라 상제의 강림과 천지공사(天地公事)에 그 바탕을 두고, '무자기(毋自欺)'의 교리 차원과 '무위이화(無爲而化)'의 철학 차원으로 구체화한다. 이 글에서는 대순사상 삼요체 성·경·신을 동학사상 인내천에서 강조하는 도덕 의미와 구별되는 신앙 의미에서 이루어지게 이에 대한 비교분석을 꾀하고자 한다. 그동안 대순사상 성·경·신 삼요체에 대한 연구는 많이 이루어졌지만, 동학 인내천과 비교하여 상제 신앙과 대비하는 분석은 제대로 이루어지지 않았다. 이에 동학사상의 도덕 의미와 대순사상의 종교 의미를 비교 분석하고자 니니안 스마트(Roderick Ninian Smart, 1927~2001)의 종교현상학 방법을 활용한다. 이를 통해 종교현상의 질적 차원에 대한 비교분석을 목표로 동학인내천의 윤리적 차원 및 법적 차원과 대순사상 삼요체의 교리적 차원 및 철학적 차원을 대비하고자 한다. 아울러 공통기반의 영성구현이 인간존엄의 삼투연동 계기임을 규명한다.

• 무역상무연구
• /
• 제71권
• /
• pp.127-146
• /
• 2016

There are two aims of this research: one is to verify the role of bill of lading and the method of delivery for container goods and the other is to suggest alternative methods for the crisis of bill of lading; that is, goods are arrived in ports but bill of lading is not arrived. The results of the analyses are as follows. First, delivery of container goods should be performed to exchange with bill of lading. Carriers should deliver goods to consignees to exchange with one among the number of issued bill of lading. In addition, when goods are delivered to consignees by the bill of lading, the other bill of lading is invalid. Second, there are several methods of delivery which are not exchanged with bill of lading such as letter of guarantee, surrender bill of lading, sea waybill, non-negotiable straight bill of lading and consignment of bill of lading to a captain. Delivery of container goods should be performed by exchanging bill of lading. In addition, there are two delivery methods by letter of guarantee: one is illegal and the other is legal. If there is damage for a bonafide-fide holder of bill of lading, carriers should make compensation for the damage. These methods consist of the delivery of goods which is not exchanged with bill of lading and there are two advantages of the methods; one is that consignees enjoy saving bonded warehouse fee and quick disposal after arriving goods and the other is that carriers immediately use vessels after unloading containers. However, the methods are based on utmost good faith between a seller and a buyer.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제12권4호
• /
• pp.383-391
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this research explain the meaning of the environmental design principles and cultural landscape pattern(dualistic space organization) of the Hahoe(河回:winding river village) the Yangdong(良洞) traditional village. Village's space organizations based on Shamanism, fin-yang and Five elements principle, Feng-shui idea, social system and Confucian ideas. And it were accomplish curat landscape pattern(village:form+object=pattern) through the frame of settlement space. As a central persons of villages(the Hahoe $.$ the Yangdong) construction, Suhae(西厓) experienced tough Chunghyodang - Wonjichongsa - Ogyonchongsa - Pyongsansowon channel(忠孝堂 -遠志精舍 -玉端精含 -脣山書院) and Kyomam(謙 ) experienced tough Yangjindang - Binyeonchongsa - Kyomamchongsa - Hwachonsodang(養眞堂 - 賓淵精舍 - 謙庵f精舍 - 花川書堂) channel. Also Woojae(愚齋) experienced tough Suhbackdang - Khankachung - Dongkangsowon(書百堂 - 觀稼停 - 東江書院) and Hoejae(晦齋) experienced tough Moochumdang - Hyangdan - Oaksansowon(無添堂 - 香壇 - 玉山書院). It is space organization of themselves interact contrast and sequence principles with competition in good faith. And ecological art-space, that is, environmental spare organizations of traditional village has been reflected harmony between nature and artificiality, spatial rhythm and sequence, spatial hierarchy between upper classes and humble class, permeability space, asymmetrical balance, aesthetic space perception. The humble classes hold a ceremony Hahoe's Pyolsingut-Talnori(maskdance drama), Dangjae(堂祭:religious service) at the Dang(堂:shamanism spot) and Yangdong's Sohraesulnori, Hohminori. And the upper class hold a ceremony Hahoe's Julbulnori and Yangdong's Chungjanori connected with culture of confucianism. Specially, the cultural structure cf the village is evidence of a contrast between the upper class and the humble classes, time, method and location of ceremony(performance).

• 한국경영과학회지
• /
• 제40권3호
• /
• pp.73-95
• /
• 2015

Firms have reexamined and restructured their supply chain based on a long-term and partnership perspective as a firm's competitive advantage increasingly relies on its supply chain capability. A number of scholar works has provided evidence to support the positive effects of supply chain collaboration; however, the relationship between collaboration and performance is still inconclusive. This study refuses to have blinded faith on supply chain collaboration, but rather this paper suggests that the contribution of collaboration to supply chain performance improvement can be limited and vary along the contextual characteristics of a buyer-supplier relationship. Moreover, we argue that the relationship between supply chain collaboration and performance can be curvilinear. This paper provides and test hypotheses regarding the relationship between supply chain collaboration and performance. By using data of the Manufacturing Panel Survey (MPS), this study empirically validates the hypotheses. Overall, the results of the study support our hypotheses about a limited contribution of supply chain collaboration to manufacturing performance, which is opposite to a conventional expectation. Particularly, the effects of supply chain collaboration differ depending on the dimensions of performance such as customer satisfaction, quality, cost, delivery, and flexibility as well as the dependency in the buyer-supplier relationship. Moreover, the results of the study indicate that supply chain collaboration and performance may have curvilinear relationships in a certain context. Through a comprehensive model and empirical evidence, this study presents a better understanding of supply chain collaboration and provokes an open discussion about the effects of collaboration. This study also provides insightful implications for managers of buyers as well as suppliers who wish to foster stronger supply chain performance via a deep buyer-supplier relationship and collaboration.