• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.79-90
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• 2013

제주도에서 팔색조가 서식하는 해발고도는 1960년대와 현재 많은 차이를 보이고 있다. 이러한 차이가 발생하게 된 배경을 이해하기 위해 Landsat 위성영상의 시계열 자료 비교와 문헌을 중심으로 한 서식지 환경, 산림분포 및 산림경관 변화 측면에서 두 시기의 차이에 관해 살펴보았다. 현재의 팔색조 주 서식고도인 600m 이하지역 경관은 상당면적이 산림으로 구성된 반면, 1960년대에는 거의 초지대였으며, 계곡 주변으로 상록수림이 있었으나 이차림으로서 숲의 규모가 작고 구조 또한 서식에 불리하였다. 해발 700m 주변의 숲들도 역시 약 3m 정도의 수고를 가진 임목들로 구성된 이차림이었으며, 800m에서 1,300m 지역의 숲들 또한 지역주민들의 버섯재배 등으로 교란을 받은 이차림이었다. 해발 1,300m 이상 지역은 꽝꽝나무, 진달래 등의 작은 관목림으로 구성되어 팔색조의 서식지로서는 숲의 규모나 구조가 적합하지 않았을 것으로 보인다. 따라서 1960년대에는 1,000m부터 1,300m 사이의 숲이 팔색조의 최적 서식처가 될 수 있었을 가능성이 높다. 현재의 서식처인 해발 100m부터 800m 사이의 숲들과 비교하였을 때, 현재보다 제한된 면적에서 적은 수의 팔색조가 서식하였을 것으로 판단된다. 1960년대 이후 산림경관의 긍정적 변화로 인해 현재 팔색조의 개체수가 증가되고 있는 시점에서, 향후 제주도에서 팔색조와 같은 깃대종과 그 서식처를 보호하기 위해서는 생물종다양성을 유지 증진시킬 수 있는 숲의 식생 구성과 임분 구조를 염두에 둔 지속적인 산림관리가 요구된다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2014

Fairy Pittas use the forest around the valley and Gotjawal as breeding places. This survey was conducted to investigate the characteristic of earthworms, specifically its population density, body size around the breeding site in Gotjawal and the forest around the valley areas from the middle of July to the end of July 2013. A total of 405 individual earthworms were collected in the 100 small established quadrats, in which 315 were found in Gotjawal and 90 were found in the forest around the valley area. The density of earthworms in Gotjawal was significantly higher compared to that forest around the valley area. It was also observed that the body size of earthworms was significantly different between Gotjawal and the forest around the valley area. Proportion of number of individuals which are larger than 7cm in body size was 43%(n=135) in Gotjawal and 84%(n=76) in the forest around the valley area, respectively. Soil area was not important factor to the density of earthworms. We suggest that Gotjawal can be considered as a suitable breeding site for Fairy Pitta because of the richness of its primary food in this area.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.1447-1453
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• 2014

The differentiation of sex is important for species preservation. However, Fairy Pitta is sexually monomorphic and sex of an individual is indistinguishable with its external characteristics. We determined the sex of Fairy Pitta through DNA analysis and investigated the causes and time of injury and mortality and the size based on sex. We collected 21 samples at Jeju Island, Korean Peninsula from 2004 to 2013 and extracted DNA from them and amplified chromo helicase DNA-binding gene from Z and W chromosomes through Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). We confirmed their sex with the banding pattern through Agarose gel electrophoresis, i.e. male (ZZ): one banded and female (ZW) two banded. We distinguished the sex of 17 of 21 samples resulting in 9 males and 8 females. Most casualties were recorded in adult of both sexes. Causes of injury and mortality proved that female casualties occurred from window strikes, dehydration, car accident, predation by natural enemies, and male occurred from window strikes, car accident and dehydration. The time of injury and mortality in adults differ by sex. There was no difference between sexes in any of the six size parameters. As the time of injury and mortality differ by sex, the survey on the role and ecological nature by sex in breeding season must be carried out in the future. External measurements may not be reliable for sexing of Fairy Pitta and other traits such as vocal or characteristics are required to identify the sex of individuals in the field.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.81-90
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• 2014

A Fairy Pitta is a bird known to breed only in mainland China, Taiwan, Japan and Korea and is listed as Vulnerable in the IUCN Red List. We carried out a DNA analysis to contribute to conserve the genetic diversity of Fairy Pitta. 32 samples were collected at Jeju Island, the Korean Peninsula and Taiwan from 2004 to 2013 and DNA was extracted from them and several sequences were amplified-it through PCR. And then we performed the population genetic analysis. We found there was a transversion between nucleotide sequences at CO1 gene, while there was no changes at Cyt-b gene. And we confirmed the polymorphism from two genes was caused from genetic drift not from selection. Through this analysis, the group within the Peninsula was found bigger than other two groups based on the analysis of CO1 gene, and the group from Taiwan was found bigger than other two groups through the analysis of Cyt-b gene. The population genetic structure of mitochondria gene of three group was showing CO1 gene had 5 haplotypes and Cyt-b gene had 6 haplotypes. Haplotype 2 in CO1 gene was found in three group and many individuals of samples had this haplotype. Like CO1 gene, haplotype 2 in Cyt-b gene was found in three group and was included in plenty of individuals. Other haplotypes were not overlaped and broke off among the three groups. To prevent from the extinction of Fairy Pitta and to obtain the genetic diversity, we need to compare with other regional group such as Japan, China and perform additional research in the non-breeding area.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.139-149
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• 2022

본 연구는 전국 보호지역을 대상으로 생물음향 녹음기술을 이용하여 팔색조 번식울음을 탐지하고 생물계절 특징을 파악하여 팔색조 서식지 보호와 기후 변화에 대응하기 위한 기초자료를 작성하는데 목적이 있다. 연구대상지는 전국 보호지역 36개소였다. 데이터 수집 기간은 2019년 1월부터 12월이며, 분석 기간은 2019년 5월 1일부터 2019년 8월 31일이었다. 주요 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫 번째, 36개소의 연구대상지에서 팔색조 번식울음이 탐지된 곳은 22개소였다. 번식울음 빈도 분석 결과 높은 빈도를 나타낸 지역은 제주도를 포함한 남부내륙이었고, 위도가 제일 높은 지역은 설악산국립공원이었다. 두 번째, 팔색조 번식울음 초성은 2019년 5월 14일에 한려해상국립공원 금산에서 나타났고, 종성은 2019년 8월 6일에 고창 운곡습지에서 나타났다. 세 번째, 번식울음 일주기 분석 결과 05시에 울음 빈도수가 급격하게 상승하여 06시에 피크를 나타낸 뒤, 다시 줄어드는 패턴이 나타났다. 네 번째, 번식울음 계절주기 분석 결과 2019년 5월 14일부터 8월 6일까지 나타났고, 번식울음 누적빈도가 가장 높은 날은 6월 3일(Julian date: 154)이었다. 번식울음이 탐지된 날의 평균 기온은 17.4℃, 평균 강수량은 0.02mm, 평균 습도는 82.6%이었다. 다섯 번째, 팔색조 번식울음과 기상요인과의 상관관계 분석 결과, 번식울음과 기온과의 관계가 음의 상관관계(p<0.001)를 나타내었고, 강수량(p=0.053), 습도(p=0.077)는 유의한 의미를 나타내지 않았다(df=471). 본 연구는 전국 보호지역을 대상으로 생물음향 녹음기술을 이용하여 팔색조의 번식울음 분포를 확인하고, 울음기간, 기상요인과의 관계를 정밀하게 분석하여 생태적 특성을 밝힌 연구라는 점에서 의미가 있다.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.235-243
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• 2018

Loss of favorable habitats for species due to temperature increase is one of the main concerns of climate change on the ecosystem, and endangered species might be much more sensitive to such unfavorable changes. This study aimed to analyze the impact of future climate change on endangered wild animals in South Korea by investigating thermal sensitivity and vulnerability to temperature increase. We determined thermal sensitivity by testing normality in species distribution according to temperature. Then, we defined the vulnerability when the future temperature range of South Korea completely deviate from the current temperature range of species distribution. We identified 13 species with higher thermal sensitivity. Based on IPCC future scenarios RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5, the number of species vulnerable to future warming doubled from 3 under RCP4.5 to 7 under the RCP8.5 scenario. The species anticipated to be at risk under RCP 8.5 are flying squirrel (Pteromys volans aluco), ural owl (Pteromys volans aluco), black woodpecker (Dryocopus martius), tawny owl (Strix aluco), watercock (Gallicrex cinerea), schrenck?s bittern (Ixobrychus eurhythmus), and fairy pitta (Pitta nympha). The other 10 species showing very narrow temperature ranges even without normal distributions and out of the future temperature range may also need to be treated as vulnerable species, considering the inevitable observation scarcity of such endangered species.