• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2005

In this paper, a new multi carrier, direct sequence code division multiple access (MC-DS-CDMA) system is proposed. Our new signal construction is based on convolutional encoding of the transmitted data, serial-to-parallel (S/P) conversion of the encoded data, Walsh-Hadamard-transformation (WHT), a second S/P conversion of the WHT outputs, spread spectrum (SS) modulation with a common pseudo-noise (PN) sequence, and then multicarrier transmission. The system bit error rate (BER) performance in frequency selective fading channel in the presence of additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and a jamming tone is analyzed and simulated. The numerical results are compared with those from an orthogonal MC-DS-CDMA system of Sourour and Nakagawa [7]. It is shown that the two systems have almost the same BER performance, but the proposed scheme has better anti-jamming ability.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제11권12호
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• pp.2391-2397
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• 2007

OFDMA의 상향링크 시스템에서 비선형 전력 증폭기와 반송파 주파수 편차의 영향을 고려하여 데이터가 주파수 선택적 Rayleigh 도플러 시변 페이딩 채널을 통하여 전송될 때 비트 오류율을 분석한다. 본 논문에서는 우수한 비트 오류율 특성을 위하여 사용자 수에 따라 요구되는 비선형 증폭기의 최대 출력 전력 대 평균 출력 전력 비(OBO)와 반송파 주파수 편차의 크기를 구하며, 도플러 페이딩의 정도에 따라 결정되는 비트 오류율 특성 열화를 분석한다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.2893-2907
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• 2019

Wireless mobile communication systems in subway tunnels have been widely researched these years, due to increased demand for the communication applications. As a result, an accurate model is essential to effectively evaluate the communication system performance. Thus, a neoteric three-dimensional (3D) geometry-based stochastic model (GBSM) is proposed for the massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) fading channels in tunnel environment. Furthermore, the statistical properties of the channel such as space-time correlation, amplitude and phase probability density are analyzed and compared with those of the traditional two-dimensional (2D) model by numerical simulations. Finally, the ergodic capacity is investigated based on the proposed model. Numerical results show that the proposed model can describe the channel in tunnels more practically.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.426-436
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• 2019

In time division duplex (TDD)-based multiuser massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems, the uplink channel is estimated and the results are used in downlink for signal detection. Owing to noisy uplink channel estimation, the downlink channel should also be estimated for accurate signal detection. Therefore, recently, a blind method was developed, which assumes the use of a linear high-power amplifier (HPA) in the base station (BS). In this study, we extend this method to a scenario with a nonlinear HPA in the BS, where the Bussgang decomposition is used for HPA modeling. In the proposed method, the average power of the received signal for each user is a function of channel gain, large-scale fading, and nonlinear distortion variance. Therefore, the channel gain is estimated, which is required for signal detection. The performance of the proposed method is analyzed theoretically. The simulation results show superior performance of the proposed method compared to that of the other methods in the literature.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권6호
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• pp.2283-2287
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• 2023

We propose in the present work how the reference glass dosimeters can be introduced, which reflects the user irradiation condition. The reference glass dosimeters are used for correcting the reader fluctuation by reading it with sample glass dosimeters at the same time. Since they can be used without annealing after irradiation for long periods, one should consider both the fading effect and the natural background dose accumulation quantitatively. We construct an empirical but practical formalism of evaluating the absorbed dose on the glass dosimeter with the fading effect and the natural background dose accumulation considered.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제25권5B호
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• pp.871-878
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• 2000

이 논문은 저궤도 이동 위성 통신에서 나타나는 심각한 도플러 천이와 페이딩을 극복하면서 패킷 전송효율을 증가시킬 수 있는 DS/CDMA 시스템의 초기동기기법으로 분할 정합 여파기/참조 여파기 기법을 제안한다. 정합여파기의 정합구간을 분할하는 분할 정합여파기를 이용하여 극심한 도플러 천이를 극복하였으며, 참조여파기를 이용하여 시변하는 간섭과 페이딩에 강인한 초기동기를 이룰 수 있다. 성능분석의 척도로써 평균초기동기시간과 패킷 전송효율을 이용하며, 도플러 천이와 칩당 에너지대 잡음비, 사용자 이동속도, 음영 표준편차, 패킷 프리앰블내 심볼수 등과의 관계를 고찰한다.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.314-322
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• 1991

In this study, Na, Li, Sb, Sr were added as the modifiers to improve the mechanical proper ties of Al-Si alloys and their effects were compared one another Thermal analysis was carried out to measure the degree of undercooling, that is, the basic mechanism of modifying effect. The measurements of holding time and analyses of components of Al-Si alloys were carried out to compare the fading of the modifiers. Greater degree of undercooling was measured from the modified alloy than the normal alloys. In the modified alloy, the shape of Si was changed into a fine fiber phase or a lamellar phase from the coarse plate phase. There are not modifying effect of Sb below the $1.5^{\circ}C$ /sec of cooling rate. As the cooling rate increases, similar effects appears in the non-modified alloys like the modified alloys. Na and Li were faded in short time and were difficult to control on the melt, but Sb and Sr were scarcely faded for 6 hours of holding and were easy to control on the melt. Na and Sr are the good modifiers in terms of microstructure. Sb is the best modifier, but Na, Li are the inadequate modifiers in terms of fading.

• 전자공학회논문지S
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• 제35S권11호
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• pp.28-36
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• 1998

기지국간 비동기방식을 사용하는 CDMA 이동통신 방식에서는 handoff시 초기동기 획득시간이 빠른 초기동기 획득방식이 요구되므로 정합필터를 사용하는 초기동기획득 방식이 고려될 수 있다. Rayleigh fading 채널에서 non coherent QPSK/DS-SS방식으로 신호를 수신하는 model에서 정합필터방식으로 초기동기획득을 위해 소요되는 평균 초기동기 획득시간은 직렬상관방식에 비해 정합필터의 길이에 비례하여 단축됨을 분석하였다. 그러나, 종래의 정합필터 방식이 초기동기획득시간은 단축되지만 HW복잡도로 인한 구현상의 단점을 보완하기위해 본 논문에서는 기억소자를 이용한 HW 재사용에 의해 상관 연산을 반복해서 할 수 있는 설계방안을 제시하므로써 기존 정합필터의 HW복잡도를 정합필터 분할 길이 만큼 줄일 수 있도록 하였고, Altera MAXPlus Ⅱ FPGA로 simulation하므로써 기능을 입증하였다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.3174-3182
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• 1996

본 논문에서는 시간 선택성 다경로 페이딩 채널 상에서 OFDM(orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) 신호를 수신할 수 있는 수신기를 제안하였다. 최적 수신을 위하여 LMLE(linear maximum likelihood estimation) 알고리듬을 이용하여 OFDM demultiplexing 신호로부터 실제 전송된 심볼을 추정하였다. 또한 테일러 근사를 이용하여 비트 오류 확률의 하한을 해석적으로 구하였다. 시간 선택성 페이딩 채널 상에서 OFDM신호를 matched 필터로 수신하는 경우에는 인접 채널간의 cross-talk 현상으로 인하여 $10^{-1}$ 이하의 에러율을 얻을 수 없으나, 본 논문에서 제안하는 수신기를 사용하는 경우에는 15dB의 SNR에서 $10^{-4}$ 정도의 에러율을 얻을 수 있다. 또한, 제안하는 수신기는 subchannel의 수와 채널의 경로의 증가에 따른 성능저하가 거의 나타나지 않음을 확인 할 수 있었다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.2095-2110
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• 2015

This paper presents a design for a throughput-efficient online relay selection scheme for dual-hop multi-relay cooperative networks. Problems arise with these networks due to unpredictability of the relaying link quality and high time-consumption to probe the dual-hop link. In this paper, we firstly propose a novel probing and relaying protocol, which greatly reduces the overhead of the dual-hop link estimation by leveraging the wireless broadcasting nature of the network. We then formulate an opportunistic relay selection process for the online decision-making, which uses a tradeoff between obtaining more link information to establish better cooperative relaying and minimizing the time cost for dual-hop link estimation to achieve higher throughput. Dynamic programming is used to construct the throughput-optimal control policy for a typically heterogeneous Rayleigh fading environment, and determines which relay to probe and when to transmit the data. Additionally, we extend the main results to mixed Rayleigh/Rician link scenarios, i.e., where one side of the relaying link experiences Rayleigh fading while the other has Rician distribution. Numerical results validate the effectiveness and superiority of our proposed relaying scheme, e.g., it achieves at least 107% throughput gain compared with the state of the art solution.