• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.303-309
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• 2004

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is currently under intensive investigation due to its health benefits. A great deal of interest has been paid to the possible health-promoting roles of CLA, but there are not many studies available on the mechanism of CLA production by ruminal microorganisms. CLA is produced as an intermediate of the characteristic biohydrogenation process of linoleic acid(LA) in the rumen and its production has direct relationship to numerous environmental factors including particle association, substrate concentration, forage-to-grain ratio, pH, ionopore, bacterial cell density, etc. Some of these factors were known to affect hydrogenating activities of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens A38 which is an active rumen bacterium in CLA production. Dairy cow is a main source of CLA, and its level could be increased by dietary manipulation changing the physiological environment of rumen bacteria such as B. fibrisolvens A38. Therefore, the effects of various factors on. ruminal biohydrogenation should be carefully considered to optimize not only CLA production, but also other fatty acid metabolism, both of which are directly affecting nutritional quality and functionality of dairy products. In this review, the relationship between various environmental factors and ruminal CLA production is discussed focusing on the CLA production of B. fibrisolvens A38.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.135-143
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• 2022

The defense environment is rapidly changing, such as nuclear and missile threats of North Korea, changes in war patterns, and a decrease in military service resources due to low birth rate. In order to actively respond to these changes, the Korean military is promoting Defense Innovation 4.0 and is trying to foster an army armed with high technology such as artificial intelligence (AI), big data analysis, etc. In this regard, we analyze the effectiveness of the radar-based AI scientific guard system applied by high technology for guard operations using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). We first select evaluation factors that can assess the effectiveness of the scientific guard system, and analyze its relative importance. Each evaluation factor was selected by deriving a significant concept from operating principle and how they work, and by consulting experts on the correlation between each factor and effectiveness of the scientific guard system. We examine the relative effects of the radar-based AI scientific guard system and existing scientific guard system based on the importance of the evaluation factors.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.1001-1012
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• 2018

Regarding the small- and medium-sized enterprises in Korea that manufacture the railway vehicle parts, there are over 250 related companies. And they have been surviving in the form of producing and delivering the parts of the railway vehicles by importing the technologies and the products of the foreign countries rather than possessing their own technological abilities. Due to this, regarding the industry of the core components of the railroads, the dependence on the overseas has been high. As such, although, for supporting the small- and medium-sized enterprises that manufacture the railway vehicle parts, the government has been strengthening the diverse policy supports, it is a fact that the effectiveness of the support is not high. And, in order to effectively support these, there is a need to understand clearly and definitely what the important promotion factors are in the process of the technology commercialization. Accordingly, through the precedent researches regarding the factors that promote the technology commercializations of the small- and medium-sized enterprises that manufacture the railway vehicle parts, this research had extracted 10 main items. And the level of the importance of these indices was analyzed by using the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process). As a result of the AHP analysis, the factors within a corporation appeared to be the most important factor. And, as for the lower-ranking item, the commercialization capability was analyzed to be the most important item. It is highly expected that the contents and the results of this research will be usefully used when formulating the planning of the support program and the support policy for the technology commercializations by the public research organizations and the railroad management organization, which is an organization that supports the small- and medium-sized enterprises that manufacture the railway vehicle parts.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.18-27
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• 1998

Biopulping is defined as the treatment of wood chips with lignin-degrading fungi prior to pulping. Fungal pretreatment prior to mechanical pulping reduces electrical energy requirements during refining or increases mill throughput, improves paper strength, reduces the pitch content, and reduces the environmental impact of pulping. Our recent work involved scaling up the biopulping process towards the industrial level, investigating both the engineering and economic feasibility. We envision the process to be done in either a chip-pile or silo-based system for which several factors need to be considered: the degree of decontamination, a hospitable environment for the fungus, and the overall process economics. Currently, treatment of the chips with low-pressure steam is sufficient for decontamination and a simple, forced ventilation system maintains the proper temperature, humidity, and moisture conditions, thus promoting uniform growth of the fungus. The pilot-scale trial resulted in the successful treatment of 4 tons of wood chips (dry weight basis) with results comparable to those on a laboratory. Larger, 40-ton trials were also successful, with energy savings and paper properties comparable with the laboratory scale. The overall economics of the process also look very favorable and can result in significant annual savings to the mill. Although the current research has focused on biopulping for mechanical pulping, it is also beneficial for sulfite chemical pulping and some applications to recycled fiber have been investigated.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.83-100
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• 2018

Demand for stone products used as building materials is increasing. The construction industry, the value of the stone industry is sufficient, but the domestic stone industry is very lag regarding IT utilization. However, the overseas stone industry produces high-quality products using IT. In this study, we want to offer an IT application technology priority fit for the stone industries. We identify the current status and production process of the stone industries, then set the priority of various IT, so that obtain competitiveness in the domestic stone industries, and minimize the gap between the overseas stone industries. Therefore, we used AHP method; stone industry production processes were selected as the Enterprise Operation Management, Quarrying, Manufacturing, Construction and Maintenance of first-tier. The second-tier ones are consisted of 30 factors out of IT elements. Focus group interviews were conducted to confirm the validity of each factor. As a result, most important factors of first-tier was selected as the order of Manufacturing, Quarrying, Enterprise Operation Management, and Construction & Maintenance. The top 5 of 30 factors in the second-tier were selected Smart Sensor, Mobile Device, Robot of manufacturing, GIS of quarrying, and SCM of enterprise operation management. And the factor that relatively less important was GPS of construction and maintenance. If properly applied an IT application technology for stone industry, we expect to provide efficient production lines and increase customer satisfaction, which will ultimately expand the promotion for the industry and thus act as positive factor in promoting the stone industry.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.130-138
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• 2011

In the construction industry, there is a growing demand for new programs incorporating IT applications. In construction, initiatives calling for changes ensuring the improvement of productivity, quality and safety, and for the strengthening of global competitiveness, have contributed to the increased need for exploring new markets. Moreover, the government's supportive policies have helped develop profit models. Meanwhile, the industry and the government have supported the efforts for identifying and disseminating successful case studies - as part of the strategy for evaluating and promoting the developed programs. However, the criteria for identifying/evaluating successful cases remain vague, and the viewpoints of participants differ depending on their disciplines. These discrepancies could lead to inconsistent results. Thus, it is imperative that a criterion be provided, upon which to judge the success or failure of implementation cases and to disseminate role models. It is also imperative that a direction of improvement be proposed. This study was conducted to propose the criteria for and process of evaluating the success of construction-IT convergence to help promote the construction industry incorporating IT applications. To that end, success factors for and the significance of IT-incorporated construction were identified.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.57-66
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• 2018

When developing projects to build facilities to be shared by both military bases and surrounding communities, strategies are needed to achieve two objectives: 1) minimize missteps and opposition from local communities in the process of developing and implementing such projects, and 2) promote cost-benefit optimization and user-satisfaction. With aim of promoting co-operation and co-existence between military bases and adjust communities, this research proposes esthetical factors to be considered in conceiving civil-military sharing facilities. It seeks experts' opinions on the development of civil-military sharing facilities, and examines critical factors (economic feasibility, security, and satisfaction, etc.) for project development as well as building types suitable for shared-use between military bases and local residents. It then establishes a method to prioritize facility-type and narrow down design factors (considerations and restrictions) in project development by applying quantitative analysis. The methodological approach of the research employs the Delphi survey method to quantitatively analyze qualitative information drawn from experts' opinions. At the first round of the survey, facility types, items for consideration and restrictions are drawn, and then at the second round of the survey, criticality of each item is analyzed. Finally, it reaches a conclusion on suitability of facility types for civil-military sharing facilities, and selects project considerations and restrictions when developing this kind of project.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.155-164
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• 2020

This research used Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) to analyze the importance and priority of functional space and evaluation factors of each functional space of the military dining facility. Dining in the military is an important factor in restoring combat power and promoting morale. The military dining facility serves as a not only for meals, but also for watching TV, education and club activities. Workers working in dining facility spend most of their work hours in dining facility, perform tasks such as cooking, dishwashing, and leftover disposal, and take breaks. As such, the military dining facility is a space where various functions are performed, and space planning should take into account these various functions when planning the building of the dining facility. However, the criteria for defense and military facilities, which are the basis for planning the space of military dining facility, are calculated only by simply analyzing the standard floor plan to match the size of the person-to. Therefore, when there is space to be reduced in the total area, there are side effects such as leaving visible table space without consideration for priority or functional space, unseen office space, and adjusting the entire area through reduction of the lounge. Accordingly, based on the priority of the space that the staff of the military dining facility considers important, this research aims to analyze the characteristics of each functional space through classification according to its unique function. This can be an indicator that can be used as a basis for future revision of the building floor area standards of the defense and military facilities standards, and it can improve usability with an efficient space plan that takes into account the characteristics of the Korean military and the satisfaction of its workers. Furthermore, efficient use of the defense budget through rational building plans can contribute to budget reduction.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.49-59
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• 2022

Recently, Korea aimed to increase water use efficiency by implementing integrated management according to the water management unification policy. Considering the enormous use of water resources in the agricultural sector, it is necessary to efficiently conserve water in terms of demand management by intensifying the stakeholders' involvement and awareness campaigns. The existing agricultural water management system in Korea is based on a top-down approach by which the government agencies directly plan budgets and policies to be enforced on and implemented by farmers, with little to no involvement of farmers in the decision-making process. However, this process has hindered the desired water resources management and the water conservation goal at the field level. Moreover, the limited research on water governance operations focusing on agricultural water creates a knowledge gap, particularly in Korea. Thus, it is necessary to investigate water governance cases with successful implementations in agricultural and rural areas to identify the factors applicable to domestic governance in Korea. In addition, a more systematic governance model should be established by identifying the subjectivity of the stakeholders' involvement in agricultural water governance. Therefore, this study proposed a new bottom-up model for agricultural water governance, which aims to raise the problem of autonomous water governance while promoting stakeholders' voluntary participation in agricultural water management and reflecting farmers' involvement in the decision-making process. Moreover, if agricultural water governance is expanded nationwide by reflecting agricultural and water resource policies in the future, it is believed that positive effects can be achieved in increasing utilization efficiency and securing sustantiality through agricultural water saving.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.198-206
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• 2005

The single sourcing policy, in which an automobile manufacturer purchases identical or similar parts from one supplier, has an advantage of scale economy. Meanwhile, multiple sourcing policy, which allows procuring similar parts from multiple suppliers, has benefits of dispersing risks and promoting competition among suppliers. This paper analyzes the procurement policies by presenting a model of the Japanese automobile parts trade. It concludes that maturity of technology involved should be taken into account besides above-mentioned factors which have traditionally been recognized. For parts produced using evolving technologies, the single sourcing enhances purchaser’s benefits because of the scale economy in learning process. In the meantime, multiple sourcing is more beneficial to the purchaser if the parts are based on mature technologies. In either policy, if the technology involved is evolving, motivating suppliers by returning a great part of cost reduction as a reward to them may eventually increase profit for the purchaser. The conclusion supports the situation where the number of suppliers is being cut down as the trend of modularization and system deliveries of parts progresses in the auto parts industry, and suggests that returning part of benefits to parts suppliers may be encouraged from the viewpoint of auto manufacturers’ own interest.