• 복식문화연구
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.319-332
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• 2001

This study attempts to measure body sizes and somatotypes of 844 female middle and high students girls in their growth period and to investigate characteristics of each of the measured somatotypes. The data used for this study were 50 items of body sizes obtained from anthropometric measurements. The purposes of the study are as follows: 1. to analyze physical characteristics according to age. 2. to extract factors of somatotypes using factor analyses. 3. to classify somatotypes according to physical characteristics using cluster analyses. The study results were as follows: 1. TH anthropometric measurements indicated that three existed collective patterns of somatotypes across Group I(12∼13 years old), Group II(14∼15 years old), and Group III(16∼18 years old). 2. Through factor analyses, 6 factors were yielded from each age group. The cumulative proportions of these factors were 77% for Group I, 75% for Group II, and 72% for Group III. Factor I indicates a horizontal size factor and Factor 2 indicates a vertical size factor. 3. Group I and Group II ere classified into 5 types and Group III was classified as 3 types. In Group I, middle height and a little slim types were most prevalent(28%). In Group II, low height and very slim types were most prevalent(28.9%). Finally, In Group III, low height and slim types were most prevalent(4.6%)

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to characterize the upper body shape of men in their 50s and 60s by analyzing direct measurement data. Sixty one direct measurement items were analyzed. Subjects (n = 752) were classified based on 5 factors into 4 body types. In order to acquire accurate upper body shape information by analyzing body type using the 8th Size Korea direct measurement data, body shapes were classified through factor and cluster analysis. As a result of the comparative analysis of the upper body measurements from the 5th to the 8th Size Korea measurement, it was found that waist circumference item tended to increase significantly from the 5th Size Korea measurements. The upper body type of middle aged males were classified using five factors: the trunk obesity factor, the trunk vertical factor, the width of the back shoulder, the vertical factor behind the back, and the length factor of the upper body. Middle-aged men were classified into four body types through cluster analysis. Type 1 is relatively short with big arms, Type 2 has wide shoulders and thin arms, and in Type 3, the upper body is relatively long. Type 4 is the most obese upper body.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2009

The purpose of this research is to understand the physiological characteristics of muscular men between the ages of 20 and 34 years who are distinct from the general population due to their muscular development, and to categorize them according to upper body somatotypes. This research was conducted in order to provide basic data necessary for developing clothing products for muscular men. The research method and results were as follows: 1. The study carried out factor analysis with the body measuring value of 168 muscular men according to the body classification method of Sheldon and Heath-Carter. The study materialized muscular men's lower body types statistically by carrying out cluster analysis, regarding scores of each factor extracted from the factor analysis as an independent variable. The study also carried out discriminant analysis with the results of cluster analysis classified so that morphological characters of each type were remarkably distinguished. 2. As the results of factor analysis, the study set up number of factors as three. Factor 1 occupied 38.149% of the total variables as a size factor of the lower body. Factor 2 occupied 20.417% of the total variables as a height and length factor of the lower body. Factor 3 occupied 8.466% of the total variables as a length factor of the hip. 3. The study classified the lower body type into three types and the characteristics by each type were as follows. Type 1 was a group with the best developed muscle in the lower of the body, considering that a size of their lower bodies was the largest. Type 2 was well-balanced muscular males though a size of the lower body was smaller than other types. This type didn't have fatness of the abdomen and large hips. Type 3 was a body type that the length from the waist to the hip was long. 4. As the results of carrying out discriminant analysis to distinguish muscular men's lower body types, the discriminant accuracy was 86.3% over all in the lower bodies.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.200-208
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• 2005

This study was aimed to provide the measurement data and shape classification of the head of the Korean female children for the headwear sizing systems. Four hundred nineteen female children, aged nine to twelve years, participated for this study. The 19 regions on the head and height, weight of the subjects were directly measured by the expert experimenters. Factor analysis, cluster analysis, GLM analysis and Tukey HSD test were performed using these data. Through factor analysis, five factors were extracted upon factor scores and those factors comprised $71.318\%$ for the total variances. Three clusters as their head shape were categorized using fiver factor scores by cluster analysis. Type 1 was characterized by the widest head width, Bitragion arc, and shortest head length, and medium height and weight. Type 2 had the longest head length and the widest side head width and the highest head circumference, and highest height and largest weight. Type 3 was characterized by the medium head length, smallest head circumstance, narrowest head width and side head width, and smallest height and weight.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2003

The purpose of this study were to analyze the anthropometric data of feet of Korean women with aging, to categorize the women's foot shapes, and to compare the shoe size according to the foot shapes in order to provide the basic information for more comfortable shoes. Subjects of this study were 181 women over age 20. They were measured with the direct measurement method and the indirect measurement method. 26 items were measured from the right foot and 6 items were taken on foot outline. Factor analysis, cluster analysis, analysis of variance, post-hoc test, and cross tabs were peformed for statistical analysis of the data by SPSS program. There were significant differences in height items, breadth items, girth items, and angle items by subjects' age. The older subjects' feet were wide and thick with big deformity on toes. The arch height of the older ones was low. This implicates that the degree of deformity on toes, the foot ratio, the foot girth, the foot breath and the arch height as well as the foot length are needed to be considered in developing comfortable shoes. Nine foot construction factors were extracted by the factor analysis of anthropometric measurements; foot size factor, heel and instep factor, malleolus lateralis factor, malleolus medialis factor, foot shape factor, shape of toes factor, heel height factor, big toe height factor, and internal factor. On the basis of the cluster analysis, three different foot shapes were categorized. Type 1 was large and wide foot with little deformity on little toe. Type 2 was medium foot with deformation of big toe, and with the lowest arch height. Type 3 was small and narrow foot with the highest arch height. Distribution of shoe size according to the foot shape was analyzed. The ball of foot breath was of wide distribution than the ball of foot girth. This implicates that girth items and breath items of the foot should be enclosed for the same foot length in the shoe sizing system.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.81-86
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to provide foot classification on 30 generation young men and women by factor analysis and cluster analysis. The sample for this work was chosen from data which were collected and measured by Size Korea during two years($2003{\sim}2004$). In order to analyze and compare features of the foot of men and women, analysis was performed about 871 subjects(male: 422, female: 449) on 24 body parts including height, width, thickness, circumference, length and angle. According to the result of factor analysis about measured data, there were seven factors and six factors for men and women respectively. After cluster analysis, data for men and women were commonly divided by three types for utilization of research results. Type 1 and type 3 had wide distribution about men. Type 2 had wide distribution about women. The results of this study can be applied in manufacturing and design of comfortable shoes and socks.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.184-189
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• 2000

This study was conducted to develop the objective evaluation method for tobacco smoke. The evaluation was carried out by using the data of cut or blended tobacco components, smoke components, electric nose system (ENS), and sensory test. By using the statistical methods, such as cluster analysis, discriminant analysis, factor analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis, the relationship among the data of tobacco, smoke, ENS, and sensory evaluation was studied. By the results of cluster analysis, the data from smoke analysis by GC and ENS were able to select the difference of tobacco leaf characteristics. As the results of discriminant analysis, grouping by the components of tobacco leaves and smoke was possible and the results of GC analysis of smoke could be used for discrimination of tobacco leaves. In the results of factor analysis, nicotine, tar, CO, puff No and pH in the smoke were the factors effecting on the tobacco leaf characteristics. From the correlation analysis, aroma, taste, irritation, and smoke volume of sensory test had high relation to tar, p-cresol threonolatone, levoglucosane, and quinic acid- ${\gamma}$ -lactone of smoke. The ENS data showed high efficiency for discriminant analysis and cluster analysis, but it was not good for factor analysis, and correlation analysis. It was possible to estimate tobacco leaves and their blending characteristics by the analytical data of tobacco leaves, smoke, ENS, and sensory test results. By the multiple regression analysis, some correlation among selected chemical components and sensory evaluation were found. This study strongly indicated that the some chemical analysis data was available for the objective evaluation of tobacco sensory attributes.

• 종양간호연구
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify symptom cluster experienced by patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) on gefitinib treatment. In addition, this study assessed the patterns in severity of the symptom cluster and differences in quality of life (QOL) and function among subgroups by the severity of symptom cluster. Methods: This study was conducted as a secondary analysis of symptoms of 72 patients from a mother study. Factor analysis was used to identify symptom clusters measured with EORTC QLQ-C30 and LC13 symptom related items. Results: Three symptom clusters were identified: cluster 1 was comprised of fatigue, anorexia and dysphagia; cluster 2 of dyspnea, cough and insomnia; and cluster 3 of pain, constipation and nausea/vomiting. These three symptom clusters were improved one week after gefitinib administration. The group with more severe symptom clusters showed significantly lower QOL and function than the group with less severe symptom clusters. Conclusion: Since symptom clusters experienced by the patients with advanced NSCLC influenced on the QOL and function, it is important for nurses to understand and observe their symptom clusters. In addition, there is an necessity to develop nursing interventions to effectively care patients with the symptom clusters.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.377-387
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• 2008

The objective of this study was to use cluster analysis to determine differences in eating-out behavior among grouped clusters of female consumers after each cluster was divided based on lifestyle patterns. The data were collected by interview survey from a biased sample of 1,300 females, ranging from ages 20 to 59, and living in residential districts of Seoul. Reliability analysis, factor analysis, cluster analysis, cross-tabulation analysis, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were applied to the data. Four lifestyle factors were extracted by lower-division and classified as follows: health condition, consuming, food, and housing lifestyles. Based on these four factors, the female consumers were grouped as three clusters: the consuming-individuality type, rational-pursuit type, and conservative-stability type. The eating-out behavior of each cluster was significantly different in terms of frequency of eating-out, eating-out expenditures, restaurant selection criteria, food preferences, and the purpose for eating-out. Since this study surveyed females from ages 20 to 59, age and demographics were the differential factors in determining the various lifestyle types. Thus, to target the consumers who form a target market, the food industry should consider market segmentation that combines demographic factors such as age, income, and marital status.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.282-297
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• 1996

The effective construction for ready-made clothes is one of the central concerns of both consumers and manufactuers in today's apparel industry. In order to reduce the burden of stocks and increase clothing fitness, systematic information on typical body sizes and somatotypes is essential. The purpose of this study i-: to provide basic data on young women's somatotypes for form designers and pattern makers. The subjects of the survey were 310 women of 18 to 26 years old. The study collected 84 anthropometric data for each Person. The data was analyzed by using of the multivariate method. The factor analysis was utilized in regard to the 65 items obtained from anthropometric measurement respectively. The principal component analysis was applied to the data with orthogonal rotation after extraction. The factor scores used in the factor analysis became the basis of determining the value of each variable of the cluster analysis. The cluster analysis was applied for identifying typical somatotypes. Ward's minimum variance method was applied for the purpose of extracting distance metrix by the standardized Euclidean distance. The element forming each cluster can be subdivided into several sets by crosstabulation which is obtained by the fastclus of the SAS. This research has demonstrated 3 distinctive types of silhouette contour of the trunk. Incidentally it also identified 4 of the lower body from the waistline to thigh contour respectively. The discriminant analysis showed that the most significant discriminant factor of the trunk classification were side neck point -1 scapular -1 waistiline length and waist girth. In Korea, the average somatotype of female college students tends to be tall, slim and straight. Reviewing the relationship between the classifications of three parts of body, they are related to each other to some extent but their distribution are not constant. Therefore, in view of clothing construction, a proper separation of the body surface is a necessity.