• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
• /
• v.61 no.3
• /
• pp.67-76
• /
• 2019

The objectives of this study were to analyze trends of water pollutants and to evaluate the achievement of water quality standards by subbasins in the Han River. The trends of 40 water pollutants at 232 water quality measurement points were analyzed. Chemical oxygen demand (COD), Total organic carbon (TOC), Total coliforms (TC), et cetera were found to be worsening trend. For evaluation of achievement, we evaluated water quality arithmetic mean with river environment standards and human health standards at representative points of the subbasin. Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), TOC, Total phosphorus (T-P), Fecal coliforms (FC), TC exceeded water quality standards, and water quality of human health standards was all satisfied. So, we prioritized pollutants. If pollutants exceed water quality standards or were worse, they were classified first pollutants. Although BOD and T-P are first pollutants because of water quality standards excess, they are continuously improved. Also, it is better to maintain current status because water quality management system of BOD and T-P is well prepared. Meanwhile, TOC, TC, and FC exceed water quality standards. Furthermore, they were worse gradually, but there is a lack of management systems such as water quality standards of the effluence facilities. Therefore, it is necessary to supplement the system. The results of this study can be used as primary data for the establishment of water quality standards and selection of management pollutants.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.43 no.2
• /
• pp.143-156
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate water quality through a field survey at six floor fountain sites. The floor fountain facilities were designed and operated in such a way that tap water was stored in a water tank and recycled repeatedly. The water tank was cleaned once or twice per week in the summer. The number of facility users was low during the day due to sweltering heat, but up to 40 people, mainly children, were using them around 8 pm. Since the operation time was as short as 30 minutes, it is considered necessary to extend it for at least one hour for the number of users. As a result of the water quality test of the reservoir tank prior to operation after cleaning, it was measured to be within drinking water quality standards at the six facilities. As a result of the water quality test after use, ammonia nitrogen was measured to be 1.45 mg/L at Site IV. This exceeded the drinking water quality standard of 0.5 mg/L. In the case of turbidity, two cases exceed at 7.38 and 4.52 NTU when applying 4 NTU as the water quality standard for waterscape facilities. Twenty-eight cases exceed the standard of drinking water quality. The result of microbiological tests, at five sites excepting Site I, where disinfectant was injected, was that the maximum total colony count was 180,000 CFU/mL, total coliforms was 2,100,000 CFU/100 mL, fecal coliforms was 4,600 CFU/100 mL, Escherichia coli was 170 MPN/100 mL and Enterococcus was 100 CFU/100 mL. This exceeded the water quality standards of drinking water. Children are very likely to inhale because the water spews from below and falls from above, so it is necessary to apply water quality standards for ammonia nitrogen, turbidity and microbes. Current floor fountain facilities are highly susceptible to disease caused by microbial contamination because of water cycling and reuse, so it is necessary to change the water every day, clean the water tank, and perform chlorination. Therefore, it is necessary to inject calcium hypochlorite according to the free chlorine water quality standard of swimming pools with a different water tank capacity. In addition, facilities should be improved to prevent the reuse of water by installing the water tank at a separate location.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.7-19
• /
• 2022

Hydrogen purification is generally performed through chemical and physical methods. Among various types of purification method PSA(Pressure Swing Adsorption) is widely used with its purification capacity and economic efficiency. In Korea, most of the hydrogen used in automobiles and power generation fuel cells is purified using PSA. Hydrogen produced in petrochemical complexes has difficulties in transportation. The government is planning to install hydrogen extractors that produce hydrogen directly from consumers in connection with the city gas supply chain, and companies are also installing related research and demonstration facilities one after another. Europe and others have recently established safety standards related to PSA and are making efforts for systematic safety management at the construction and operation stage, but domestic safety standards related to PSA are still insufficient. This study aims to identify problems of existing facilities through surveys and risk assessment by companies operating existing PSA, and to prepare domestic technical standards including them in overseas technical standards to promote the safety of new and existing PSA systems.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
• /
• v.26 no.6
• /
• pp.52-58
• /
• 2022

According to the government's roadmap for revitalizing the hydrogen economy, various industries carry out projects using liquefied hydrogen as an energy source. However, safety standards necessary for operational demonstration projects are not prepared in Korea, thus, it is necessary to prepare safety standards as soon as possible. Therefore, in order to secure the safety of liquefied hydrogen instrumentation and handling facilities, it is necessary to prepare safety standards that comprehensively consider the risk of liquefied hydrogen. This study aims to prioritize safety standard items using ETA, FMEA, and AHP, which are risk assessment techniques, to present the feasibility of selecting safety standard items.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.171-176
• /
• 2022

The communication signal for quick cut-off specification is defined as "design to support fast cut-off requirements of all applicable photovoltaic(PV) systems" in NEC 2014, NEC 2017 or the corresponding UL standard regardless of the system configuration. On the other hand, if you look at the domestic regulations related to new and renewable energy, the standards, regulations, and guidelines set by each institution are general, or only the parts necessary for the institution are being established and operated. There are many insufficient points to apply these things to photovoltaic facilities, and there are cases where excessive facilities are installed according to the design, inspection standards of supervisors and inspection agencies, and the skill level of inspectors. The internationally accepted IEC standards deal with various facility standards in detail. In each European country, there are separate facility regulations based on IEC. In particular, the performance and safety of devices are dealt with in detail, and in the case of 'NEC Article 690' applied in North America such as the United States, each item is described in detail. Therefore, in this paper, we will look at the details of the PV shutdown technology that is currently used and applied internationally.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.51-59
• /
• 2012

Over a past century, the continuity in post-earthquake serviceability of medical facilities has been demonstrated to be essential for sustaining a society and/or a nation stable. However, not many countries including Korea have paid appropriate attention to such a lesson learned from the previous experiences of the countries located in high seismicity for various reasons, one of which may be the lack of social consensus in allocating a portion of the resources to the earthquake preparedness. As a result, an earthquake-related policy might have been pushed away out of the list of priority in the government agenda. Therefore, the present paper attempts to persuade the public general, experts and government officials together to seek a way to upgrade the seismic safety of the country a step forward by enhancing the seismic performance of medical facilities. For this the framework of seismic design codes and standards for medical facilities, and Californian experience in managing the seismic performance enhancement program and U.S.-Italian collaborative study to improve the seismic safety of Italian hospitals are reviewed. Finally, a list of further researches and practices to perform for seismic enhancement of medical facilities in Korea are suggested.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.165-175
• /
• 2015

Korean medical welfare facilities for the elderly provide the conveniences to care geriatric illness such as dementia and stroke. The medical welfare facility categorizes elderly care facilities, nursing homes, and geriatrics hospitals based on the Korean welfare of the aged act. The government makes an effort to secure feed rate and finances of medical welfare facilities. However, the qualitative improvement of facilities is inadequate. The purpose of this study is to analyze the conditions and problems of existing facilities using an environmental evaluation and to discuss the improvement direction related to the daycare centers for the elderly. The method of this study is literature review and field survey. Firstly, we analyzed the previous studies to develop the tool, evaluating the environment of day care centers for the old. Secondly, the items of environmental evaluation are deduced. Thirdly, we select the facilities to conduct field survey and analyze the results of field survey. Lastly, We discussed the problems and improvement directions through the results. It is judged that this study is an useful as the basic guideline to strengthen the minimum legal standards of day care center for the elderly due to the suggestion of insufficient environmental evaluation items.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• v.4 no.3
• /
• pp.171-178
• /
• 2004

In recent years, the objective information for the environmental effect of architecture will be furnished to the designer and inhabitant in order to minimize an excessive energy consumption and environmental loads by buildings. In addition, an environmental friendly architectural certification program for a residence, office, and school facilities have been operated to spread and supply environmental friendly architecture. Most of the environmental friendly architectural certification programs proposed in the country are focused on the aspect of the physical environments of architecture in its certification ranges. In the case of a foreign country, however, the certification ranges of an environmental friendly architectural certification program for the school facilities among the programs will be extended not only to the standards for architectural design, environmental aspect, and maintaining and management basis by considering the characteristics of educational effects for students but also to the curriculum, policy of environment, and roles of local community facilities by reflecting a social aspect. Therefore, this study proposes a design and evaluation method by considering an ecological element that will satisfy the requirement for educational well-being that includes not only the requirement for school facilities according to the development of a new curriculum like a space for teaching and learning but also the improvement of the quality of educational environments and the objective of an ecological school.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
• /
• v.50 no.3
• /
• pp.93-112
• /
• 2016

This study is an analysis on the needs assessment of school library facilities in Korea. After exploring KLA's Standards for Korean Libraries, IFLA's School Library Guidelines and AASL's Empowering Learners, the needs assessment tool of school library facilities was proposed in the previous study. The tool contains 10 major properties on school library facilities. This study gathered data from 507 students and 134 teacher librarians. The result of analysis is as follows: Students and teacher librarians evaluated the importance of library facilities more highly than the current level of facilities. Collection access, convenience and space are revealed more important properties to students and good environment, expandability, collection access are more important to teacher librarians among the properties.

• Archives of design research
• /
• v.20 no.2 s.70
• /
• pp.129-140
• /
• 2007

With the overall revision of the Welfare of the Aged Act in 1997, elderly welfare facilities have developed differently according to the size of locality, capacity, and social and economic characteristics. In response to the problem, various plans are being executed for expanding services and facilities for the aged. However, such efforts by the government have been focused on quantitative increase rather than on qualitative improvement, and there are not many high-quality elderly welfare facilities that meet the needs of the consumers, namely, the aged. In contrast, elderly welfare centers in Japan began to be founded from the 1960s and increased significantly from the 1970s and, as a result, 2,214 elderly welfare centers were in operation in 1995, maintaining a high level in quantity as well as in quality. Therefore, the present study surveyed using a checklist how elderly welfare centers in Japan, which are playing central roles in welfare facility services for the aged in Japan, design their indoor spaces reflecting elders' behavior and characteristics and, based on the results of the survey, classified spaces into shared spaces and individual service spaces and analyzed the spaces of each center using the checklist. The results from this case study will be used as basic data to establish standards for the space composition of elderly welfare facilities in Korea, which has 10 years' short history of elderly welfare facilities.