• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.1125-1130
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• 2008

A series of dihydroxylated chalcone derivatives with diverse substitution patterns on a phenyl ring B and the para-substituents on a phenyl ring A were prepared, and their radical scavenging activities were evaluated by simple DPPH test to determine quantitative structure-activity relationship in these series of compounds. The chalcone compounds with the ortho- (i.e. 2',3'- and 3',4'-) and para- (i.e. 2,5'-) substitution patterns show an excellent antioxidant activities (80-90% of control at the concentration of 50 $\mu$M) which are comparable to those of ascorbic acid and $\alpha$ -tocopherol as positive reference materials. On the contrary, the compounds with meta- (i.e. 2',4'-, 3',5'-) substitution pattern demonstrate very dramatic decrease in activities which are around 25% of the control even at the concentration of 200 $\mu$ M (IC50 > 200 $\mu$ M). These dramatic differences could be interpreted in terms of the ease formation of fairly stable semiquinone radicals from the ortho- and parasubstituted chalcone molecules through facilitating electron delocalization. Our results indicate that the substitution patterns of two hydroxyl groups on ring B are very important structural factors for their radical scavenging activity enhancement. Meanwhile, the substituents at para-position of the phenyl ring A of chalcones have no influence on the activity.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.133-144
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• 2015

융 복합 시대 도래로 인한 옴니 채널 환경에서 기술적 및 관리적 정보보안대책 확충과 더불어 기업구성원의 자발적 참여를 통해 정보보안대책이 효과적으로 실행되는 것이 매우 중요하다. 이러한 맥락에서 기업구성원이 정보보안대책 인식 이후 자발적으로 조직시민행동을 전개하면 정보보안 대책에 대한 준수의도가 형성될 것으로 본다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 기업의 정보보안대책(정보보안정책, 정보보안 교육훈련)이 조직시민행동을 매개로 정보보안 준수의도에 미치는 영향을 실증연구를 통해 검증하고자 한다. 이를 위해 문헌연구를 기반으로 설문문항을 작성하였으며 다양한 업종의 기업을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 수집된 설문자료를 분석한 결과, 정보보안정책과 정보보안 교육훈련이 정보보안 준수의도에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 정보보안정책과 정보보안 교육훈련 모두 조직시민행동(참여 활동)을 매개로 정보보안 준수의도에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국전자거래학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.127-150
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• 2015

9/11사건 이후 인터넷이 테러활동을 위한 주요 공간으로 등장하였고, '외로운 늑대'들은 사이버 공간에서 각종 테러 도구를 구입하고, 급진의식화에 이용하고 있다. 이러한 측면에서 2015년 1월 발생한 김 모 군의 이슬람국가(IS) 가담은 우리사회가 더 이상 '테러청정국가'가 아니라는 점을 경각시켜 주는 것과 동시에 '외로운 늑대' 테러리스트 발생 가능성에 대한 체계적인 연구의 필요성을 제기하고 있다. 이에 본 논문은 다양한 선행 논문과 담당 수사관 및 전문가 면담을 통해 확보한 자료를 기초로 '외로운 늑대 사이버 진화모델'을 개발하고, '김 군'의 '외로운 늑대' 진화과정을 분석하였다. 나아가, 다문화 사회화 국제 이동인구 증가 소외계층 급증 이념갈등 심화 등 우리 사회의 외로운 늑대 동인이 될 수 있는 요소들을 분석하여 '외로운 늑대'의 추가 발생 가능성을 예측하였다. 결론 부분에서는 한국에서 '외로운 늑대' 테러 예방을 위한 효과적인 정책적 대안들에 대해 살펴보았다.

• 컴퓨터교육학회논문지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.89-106
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• 2002

본 연구의 목적은 네트웍 기반 협력학습(CSCL)에서 학습자의 성찰을 지원하는 인지적 도구를 설계하는 주요전략과 도구의 구성요소를 탐색해 보는데 있다. CSCL에서는 실세계에서 직면하는 복잡한 문제를 해결하기 위한 방안으로 학습자가 다양한 관점에서 의견을 교환하고 협력하는 활동을 강조한다. 학습경험을 유의미한 의미생성과 지식구성으로 확장하기 위해서는 학습자의 성찰이 필수적이며, 따라서 학습자가 자신 또는 그룹의 학습과정과 결과를 지속적으로 모니터링할 수 있는 기제가 제공될 필요가 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 학습자 성찰의 중요성을 이론적으로 탐색하고 네트웍 기반 성찰지원 도구에 대한 선행연구들을 분석하여 시사점을 도출하였다. 나아가 사회문화적 인지 이론을 토대로, 협력학습과정을 지원하고 그룹인지를 확장시킬 수 있도록 협력적 성찰지원 도구를 설계하였다. 구체적으로는 (1)학습자의 협력적 인식, (2)사고의 시각화, (3)대화(협상) 촉진, (4)메타타인지적 단서로 세분화하였으며, 성찰지원 도구의 구성요소로서 추석달기, 협력노트 및 메타인지 프롬프트 등의 적용을 제안하였다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.4615-4621
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• 2016

Background: There has not been a general estimation about survival rates of breast cancer cases in Iran. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess survival using a meta-analysis. Materials and Methods: International credible databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Science direct and Google Scholar and Iranian databases such as Magiran, Irandoc and SID, from 1997 to 2015 were searched. All articles covering survival rate of breast cancer were entered into the study without any limits. Quality assessment of the articles and data extraction were performed by two researchers using the modified STROBE checklist, which includes 12 questions. Articles with scores greater than 8 were included in the analysis. A limitation of this meta-analysis was different methods for presenting of results in the papers surveyed. Results: A total of 21 articles with a sample of 12,195 people were analyzed. The one-year, three-year, five-year and ten-year survival rates of breast cancer in Iran were estimated to be 95.8% (94.6-97.0), 82.4% (79.0-85.8), 69.5% (64.5-74.5), 58.1% (39.6-76.6), respectively. The most important factors affecting survival of breast cancer were age, number of lymph nodes involved, size of the tumor and the stage of the disease. Conclusion: The five- and ten- year survival rates in Iran are lower than in developed countries. Conducting breast cancer screening plan support (including regular clinical examination, mammography), public training and raising awareness should be helpful in facilitating early diagnosis and increasing survival rates for Iranian women.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.143-149
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• 2018

Recently, President Donald Trump signed FOSTA (Fight Online Sex Trafficking Act) in April 11, 2018, which makes online service no more immune from civil liability for the action of third party facilitating sex trafficking content. Although it is also important to enhance security regulations and cognition on law, but it will be economically more effective to put more energy on preventing recidivism. For John School in Korea, it should increase implementation rate by putting core manpower and budget for preventing needs of sex purchase and then, check operation method and efficacy to improve the actual program. One way is first, empirical analysis and data is required on efficacy of John School program. Second, should have clear definition in Special Sex Trade Law. Third, more strick regulation for selecting participant is required. Fourth, more manpower and budget is required. Fifth, charging the participant for educational fee shall be reviewed. Sixth, educational program should be reviewed. The most important point of education is to make those criminals feel guilty about financially purchasing the sex, basically making them to recognize that it is ethically wrong. However, the current education system contains no clear explanation about the ethical issue of such problem but focusing more on other factors such as sexual disease and structural problem of sexual business. Therefore, this failed to deliver the right psychological training to those criminals without any ethical control. Knowing why women feel hurt when having unwanted sexual relationship by being paid is required part in terms of education for preventing sex trafficking.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.103-115
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• 2013

This study identifies how the luxury brand marketing mix affects customer equity drivers and suggests intangible equity management strategies so that companies can make long-term profits through luxury brands based on empirical studies of Korean luxury consumers. The results of the study are as follows: First, this study classified the properties that use 8 key factors (product integrity, heritage, exclusivity, premium image, environment and consumption experience, premium price, luxury communication strategy, and brand signature). Second, it shows that product integrity and luxury communication strategy have a positive effect on all customer equity drivers, that brand signature has a positive effect on value equity and brand equity, and that premium price has a negative effect on relation equity. It is important to provide products and services equipped with high quality and luxurious designs based on excellent craftsmanship in order to establish brand equity and value equity. Brand identity needs to be maintained and unique brand signatures need to be developed based on the long history of luxury brands against a traditional backdrop. A diversified communication strategy improves brand recognition while playing a part in facilitating brand association and brand image. In order to improve relationship equity, actions such as a loyalty program to strengthen brand loyalty, need to be taken as well as measures to maintain and enhance customer trust through a reasonable price strategy.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.2935-2937
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• 2014

Studies of the causes of cancer, early detection, prevention or treatment need accurate, comprehensive, and timely cancer data. The clinical laboratory provides important cancer information needed for physicians which influence clinical decisions regarding treatment, diagnosis and patient monitoring. Poor communication between health care providers and clinical laboratory personnel can lead to medical errors and wrong decisions in providing cancer care. Because of the key impact of laboratory information on cancer diagnosis and treatment the quality of the tests, lab reports, and appropriate lab management are very important. A laboratory information management system (LIMS) can have an important role in diagnosis, fast and effective access to cancer data, decrease redundancy and costs, and facilitate the integration and collection of data from different types of instruments and systems. In spite of significant advantages LIMS is limited by factors such as problems in adaption to new instruments that may change existing work processes. Applications of intelligent software simultaneously with existing information systems, in addition to remove these restrictions, have important benefits including adding additional non-laboratory-generated information to the reports, facilitating decision making, and improving quality and productivity of cancer care services. Laboratory systems must have flexibility to change and have the capability to develop and benefit from intelligent devices. Intelligent laboratory information management systems need to benefit from informatics tools and latest technologies like open sources. The aim of this commentary is to survey application, opportunities and necessity of intelligent clinical laboratory as a tool to increase cancer care management productivity.

• 한국의료질향상학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.9-22
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop the Korean root cause analysis (RCA) software that can be used to systematically investigate underlying causes for preventing or reducing recurrence of patient safety incidents. Methods: We reviewed the existing guidelines and literatures on the RCA in order to figure out the RCA process. Also we examined the existing RCA softwares for investigating patient safety incidents to design the contents and interface of the RCA software. Based on the results of reviewing literatures and softwares, we developed a draft version of the Korean RCA software that can be easily used in Korean hospital settings by RCA teams. Results: The Korean RCA software consisted of several modules, which are modules for identifying patient safety incidents, organizing RCA team, collecting and analysing data, determining contributory factors and root causes, developing the action plans, and guiding evaluation. Conclusion: The Korean RCA software included optimized RCA process and structured logic for cause analysis. Thus even beginners in RCA are expected to easily use this software for investigating patient safety incidents. As software has been developed with the public financial support, it will be distributed free of charge. We hope that it will contribute to facilitating patient safety improvement activities in Korea.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.3043-3050
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• 2015

The tumor microenvironment (TME) includes numerous non-neoplastic cells such as leukocytes and fibroblasts that surround the neoplasm and influence its growth. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and cancerassociated fibroblasts (CAFs) are documented as key players in facilitating cancer appearance and progression. Alteration of the macrophage (CD68, CD163) and fibroblast (${\alpha}-SMA$, FSP-1) cells in Opisthorchis viverrini (Ov) -induced cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) was here assessed using liver tissues from an established hamster model and from 43 human cases using immunohistochemistry. We further investigated whether M2-activated TAMs influence CCA cell migration ability by wound healing assay and Western blot analysis. Macrophages and fibroblasts change their phenotypes to M2-TAMs (CD68+, CD163+) and CAFs (${\alpha}-SMA+$, FSP-1+), respectively in the early stages of carcinogenesis. Interestingly, a high density of the M2-TAMs CCA in patients is significantly associated with the presence of extrahepatic metastases (p=0.021). Similarly, CD163+ CCA cells are correlated with metastases (p=0.002), and they may be representative of an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) with increased metastatic activity. We further showed that M2-TAM conditioned medium can induce CCA cell migration as well as increase N-cadherin expression (mesenchymal marker). The present work revealed that significant TME changes occur at an early stage of Ov-induced carcinogenesis and that M2-TAMs are key factors contributing to CCA metastasis, possibly via EMT processes.