• 한국산학기술학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국산학기술학회 2010년도 추계학술발표논문집 2부
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• pp.878-881
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• 2010

For better diagnosis and prescription in Korean traditional medicine, Lee Je-Ma (1837-1900) created Sasang Constitution classification which was divided into four groups of Taeyangin, Soyangin, Taeumin and Soumin based on both body shape and natural disposition. The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of facial skin parameters (hydration, lipid and pH) on forehead and cheek according to Sasang Constitution classifications of Taeumin, Soyangin and Soumin in Korean. Eighty-nine Korean female subjects were recruited for this study and the average age of them was 19.9${\pm}$0.84 years. The four groups by the Sasang Constitution were classified by questionnaire for the Sasang Constitution classification proposed by Kyung-Hee Oriental Medicine Hospital. Consequently, thirty-eight (42.7%) among the subjects were grouped into Soumin, twenty-nine (32.6%) into Taeumin, twenty (22.5%) into Soyangin and two (2%) into Taeyangin. Taeyangin group was excluded from statistical analysis due to small subjects. Hydration, lipid and pH parameters on forehead and cheek were measured by using non-invasive instruments of Corneometer (CM 825, Schwarzhaup, Germany), Sebumeter (SM 815, Schwarzhaup, Germany) and Skin-pH-meter (pH 905, Schwarzhaup, Germany), respectively. The measurements by the same investigator were performed under standardized condition with a room temperature of $21^{\circ}C$ and a humidity level of 40% to 50%. As a result, hydration (F=25.481, p=.000), lipid (F=5.753, p=.005) and pH (F=5.010, p=.009) of the forehead skin showed significant differences in the order of Taeumin, Soyangin and Soumin. Hydration (F=23.216, p=.000), lipid (F=6.898 p=.002) and pH (F=5.070, p=.008) of the cheek skin showed significant differences in the order of Taeumin, Soyangin and Soumin. In conclusion, facial skin surface seemed to be dependent on Sasang Constitution classification in Korean. These findings indicated that Sasang Constitution classification might be an useful esthetic treatment for caring facial skin in the future.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.20-37
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between the differentials in life styles and their effect on the epidermal facial tissue in order to provide a basis for health professionals so that they might better be able to maintain and promote healthy skin care and further delay the premature ageing of the epidermal facial tissue. The subjects consisted of 145 females of various ages who visited skin care room in cerming health promoting behaviors(Park In sook's Profile) and questions on their behavioral practices pertaining to personal skin care were used. The investigation also ess of the four parts of the epidermal facial tissue studied. All data collected wee entered into the SAS program and analyzed for frequency, percentages, the utilized Pusan. The study dates ranged from May 1, 1998 to May 30, 1998. The methods used for this investigation were a questionnaire survey consisting of general objective questions. The questions con a "skin analyzer" to measured levels of moisturizing hydrated, facial oils, and roughnmean, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson Correlation Coefficients. The results of this study were as follows ; 1. Epidermal facial oil was at its highest levels in the chin area with additional decreasing levels in the forehead and nose regions. The least regions were those of the cheeks. The highest levels of hydration on the other hand started with the forehead followed by the area of the chin, the cheeks and the lowest level of epidermal facial hydration was in the region of the nose. 2. The average score of the performance in the health promoting behaviors variable was 139.51. The variables with the highest degree of the performance were rest and sleeping(35.71). The lowest degree was hiegenic life(23.44). 3. The relationship health promoting behaviors and epidermal condition was not correlated with oil, hydration and roughness of the skin surface. 4. Skin care behavioral characteristics related to epidermal condition were washing style and temperature of washing water. 5. General characteristics related to epidermal condition were occupation, education level, acne and melasma. In conclusion, this study showed that several factors were significant in the behavior of skin care. Clear knowledge of both internal and external factors which affect the epidermal condition will help women to pursue active and appropriate practices in their health behaviors and skin care.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.222-238
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the effect of music therapy as a nursing intervention on changes in recovery of consciousness and vital signs for postoperative patients in the recovery room. The subject for this study were fifty three of postoperative patients who were transferred from the OR to the RR at Kwangju Christian Hospital in Kwangju City. Thirty of them were assigned to the experimental group, and twenty three, to the control group. The age of the subject was between twenty and sixty years of age. The subject had a general anesthesia without any special complications, and they were not completely awake. The data were collected for six months from July 1999 to February 2000. The method used was to compare the condition of the subjects in each group at the beginning and at certain times repeatedly. The features observed were the level of consciousness, the frequency of complaints of pain, and vital signs of the subject before and 15 minutes, 30 minutes, and 60 minutes after hearing their favorite music for 30 minutes. The results are as follows 1. The recovery of consciousness was revealed through significant changes in facial expression, facial color, and grip strength in the experimental group more strongly than in the control group. No significant changes were shown in verbal order. The differences in recovery of consciousness in the pre-post music therapy between the two groups was not significant in verbal order, facial expression, or grip strength. However, significant changes were seen in facial color. 2. There were no significant differences between the two groups in changes in the frequency of pain complaints after music therapy. However, a significant difference was shown in the pre-post music therapy scres. 3. Vital signs did not show a significant difference between the two groups. However, the $SPO_2$ of the experimental group was significantly elevated after 60 minutes. The difference pre-post to the music therapy in the vital signs between two groups was significant only in body temperature. This study showed that the effect of music therapy given to postoperative patients is that it promotes changes in facial expression, facial color, and grip strength helping recovery of consciousness, stabilizing vital signs, elevating levels of $SPO_2$. and reducing complaints of pain. It is recommended that if the patient wants it music therapy be given right after surgery in the recovery room as a nursing intervention.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.113-122
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• 2008

Objective: The purpose of this study was to invigorate the use of infrared thermal imaging apparatus as a diagnostic tool in Oriental medicine by providing standard temperature on specific acupoints. Methods: Subjects for the study was recruited through an advertisement in the school homepage(www.sangji.ac.kr) explaining the objectives and methods. 100 volunteers agreeing to terms were selected and measured the full body thermal image. Common acupoints used in the clinical surrounding were chosen and final 63 acupoints were selected for the measurement. Male/female and right/left readings were obtained for the analysis. Results: Following results were obtained from analyzing the body temperature of 50 male subjects and 50 female subjects 1. Subjects participating in the study ranged from 19 years of age to 44 years. Median male age at $26.86{\pm}6.02$ and female age at $22.88{\pm}2.74$, respectively. 2. For all acupoints, no significant differences were witnessed between the gender and right, left side of the body. 3. 10 acupoints from the facial region(18 bilateral), 8 acupoints from the chest/abdomen region(10 bilateral), 6 acupoints from the back region(11 bilateral), 17 acupoints from the upper extremity(34 bilateral), and 22 acupoints from the lower extremity(44 bilateral) were chosen. 4. In the facial region, BL2 showed the highest temperature and GV26 showed the lowest. 5. In the chest/abdomen region, CV22 showed the highest temperature and CV6 showed the lowest. 6. In the back region, GV14 showed the highest temperature and BL23 showed the lowest. 7. In the upper extremity region, jianqian(extra point) showed the highest temperature and baxie(extra point) showed the lowest. 8. In the lower extremity region, KI1 and bafeng(extra point) shoed the highest temperature and BL40 showed the lowest. Conclusions: Based on the standard body temperature measured on specific acupoints throughout the body, we hope these findings can trigger further studies on applications of infrared thermal imaging and clinical usage in the field of oriental medicine.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.140-146
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• 2004

Objectives : this study is to see if there is a significance in thermal differences of acupoints in diagnosis and treatment period of facial paralysis and to substantiate the validity of acupuncture and moxibustion treatment for it. Methods : 1. By using DITI, thermal differences of acupoints on the face and the upper limbs of 13 Bell's palsy patients were measured around 3 days after an attack of the disease. These 13 patients, whose treatment progress was monitored up to 6 months after attack, were among the inpatients and outpatients of oriental internal medicine of National Medical Center from July 1 to August 31. 2. The patients were divided into 1month, 2-3months, 4months, 6months groups according to the occasion of improvement and thermal averages of each treatment period measured. Results : When it takes within 1 month for the condition of facial paralysis to change for the better, DITI image shows the temperature of the affected face parts and arms is higher than that of the non-affected parts. However, when it takes more than 4 months, the temperature of the affected face parts and arms on DITI image is lower than that of the non-affected parts. Conclusions : Hereby, prognosis of the disease and necessary time for the treatment can be presumed through DITI screening after an occurrence of facial paralysis. Also, condition of the disease is reflected by thermal differences of acupoints for Bell's palsy treatment that are in accordance with the theory of meridian on the face. This supports the efficacy of acupuncture and moxibustion treatment for this disease.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.62-64
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• 2013

Hemifacial spasm is defined as unilateral, involuntary, irregular twitching of all or parts of the muscles innervated by facial nerves. Here, we present a case of recurrent hemifacial spasm after microvascular decompression (MVD) treated with pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) treatment with good results. A 35-year-old woman suffered from recurrent hemifacial spasm after MVD that was refractory to medical treatment and botulinum toxin injections. We attempted a left facial nerve block twice. Then, we applied PRF at a maximum temperature of $42^{\circ}C$ for 120 sec. Some response was observed, so we applied PRF two additional times. The frequency of twitch decreased from 3-4 Hz to < 0.5 Hz, and subjective severity on a visual analogue scale also decreased from 10/10 to 2-3/10. PRF treatment might be an effective medical treatment for refractory hemifacial spasm and has fewer complications and is less invasive compared with those of surgery.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.105-110
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• 2018

Background: A stellate ganglion block (SGB) causes increased blood flow in the maxillofacial region, exhibiting the potential for regenerative effects in damaged tissue. The focus of this study was to understand the efficacy of SGB for regenerative effects against nerve damage. A rat model of the superior cervical ganglion block (SCGB) was created instead of SGB, and facial blood flow, as well as sympathetic nervous system function, were measured. Methods: A vertical incision was made on the left side of the neck of a Wistar rat, and a 5-mm resection of the superior cervical ganglion was performed at the back of the bifurcation of the internal and external branches of the left common carotid artery. Blood flow in the skin at the mandibular angle and mean facial temperature were measured using a laser-Doppler blood flow meter and a thermographic camera, respectively, over a 5-week period after the block. In addition, the degree of ptosis and miosis were assessed over a period of 6 months. Results: The SCGB rat showed significantly higher blood flow at the mandibular angle on the block side (P < 0.05) for 3 weeks, and significantly higher skin temperature (P < 0.05) for 1 week after the block. In the SCGB rat, ptosis and miosis occurred immediately after the block, and persisted even 6 months later. Conclusions: SCGB in rats can cause an increase in the blood flow that persists over 3 weeks.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.45-58
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• 2017

Objectives: The aim of this trial is to investigate the effect of Ginseng and Wild Cultivated Ginseng to Heat pattern subject. Methods: Eighty-nine Subjects were diagnosed as heat pattern by Cold-Heat Patternization and divided into Ginseng group (n=30), Wild Cultivated Ginseng group (n=31) and Placebo group (n=28) in their 1 st visit. In each visit, The researchers measured the subject's facial temperature using the infrared thermometer (Testo 835-T1). After that, The subjects were asked to mark the current score of flushing on the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and to complete the Chalder-Fatigue Scale (CFS) in each visit. The subjects took the test drug for one week and returned the remaining drug on the 2nd visit. The trial result was analyzed with one-way ANOVA using SPSS for Windows version 18. Results: 1. Systolic blood pressure was significantly lower in the Ginseng group and Wild Cultivated Ginseng group than in the control group (p=0.021). 2. There was no significant difference in facial temperature between each groups. 3. The current score of flushing showed the greatest decrease in the Ginseng group compared to the other groups but there was no significant difference (p=0.205). 4. The score of Chalder-Fatigue Scale was decreased in all groups but not statistically significant (p=0.180). Conclusions: This study showed that taking Ginseng extract and Wild Cultivated Ginseng extract do not affect to heat-rising reaction to the subjects diagnosed as heat pattern.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.197-202
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• 2021

현재 코로나 19 확산 방지를 위해 건물 출입 시 체온을 측정하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 출입자의 얼굴 학습 데이터를 토대로 실시간 얼굴 인식을 통해 출입 인증을 하고자 한다. 얼굴 인식률을 증가시키기 위해 학습 이미지의 수를 자동으로 라벨링 되도록 설계하였다. 또한 정확한 온도 측정을 위해 얼굴 영역에서 이마 영역을 관심 영역으로 지정하였다. 향후에는 출입자의 체온, 출입시간, 정보 등을 저장하는 DB를 구축할 계획이다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.121-132
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• 2000

This study was carried out to determine the influencing of electrical stimulation to cervicothoracic sympathetic ganglion(CTSG; stellate ganglion) u the sympathetic tone. For the purpose of this study. the stimulation was given to both the interferential current stimulation(ICS: AMF 100Hz) group consisting of 10 person(males 8, females 2) and the transcutaneous nerve electrical stimulation(TENS: 100 Hz) group of 10(males 7, females 3) in the right side of the trachea with probe electrodes. Then. the temperature changes on the surfaces of the forehead. cheek, neck and internal ear of cephalocervix, which is subject to the influence of the cervicothoracic sympathetic ganglion, and the palm. which is the end of the upper limbs. measured before. immediately alter. 10 minutes after and 20 minutes after experiment. The results are summarized as follows. 1. The emergence of remarkable Horner's symptoms which appear due to the changes of the tone of cervicothoracic sympathetic ganglion was not seen. However, in the interferential current stimulation group there were two felt the sense of warmth in the facial region and one person who felt it in the upper limbs, and in the transcutaneous nerve electrical stimulation group there was each one person who felt the sense of warmth in the facial region and in the upper limbs, respectively. Both groups have each one person who felt the sense of oppression in the eyelids. Three persons of the interferential current stimulation group and two persons of the transcutaneous nerve electrical stimulation group have the sense of hoarse voice or numbness in the neck. These are the symptoms that appeared during stimulation, so it is difficult for them to be considered as the direct effects of the changes of the tone of cervicothoracic sympathetic ganglion. 2. The t-test was performed to determine the significance between the right, which is the experimental side, and the left, which is the non-experimental side. Significance between the right, which is the experimental side, and the left, which is the non-experimental side. Significant changes were seen in the necks of the interferential current stimulation group and in the cheeks and internal ears of the transcutaneous nerve electrical stimulation immediately after experiment(P<.05). And the interferential current stimulation group showed a very high significance in the cheeks immediately after experiment and in the necks ten minutes after experiment(p<.01). Therefore, it could be seen that the electrical stimulation had an influencing on the changes of body temperature of the cephalocervix. 3. In both the interferential current stimulation group and the transcutaneous nerve electrical stimulation group, the forecheads, checks and necks of the cephalocervix in the experimental side(right) rather than the non-experimental side(left) had mostly a statistically significant rise in temperature immediately after experiment. The one-way ANOVA was carried out to determine the temperature change of on the surface of the body with the lapse of time; before, immediately after, ten minutes after and tewenty minutes after experiment. But no statistical significance was found from both the right and left sides.