• 한국콘텐츠학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘텐츠학회 2006년도 추계 종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.340-343
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• 2006

한 시대의 얼굴매력에 대한 관점을 미인대회 당선자들의 얼굴분석을 통해 알 수 있다는 가정 하에 물리적 특징에 기반 한 미스코리아 당선자들 얼굴의 변화추세를 알아보았다. 얼굴인상감성모형을 이용하여 각 미스코리아 얼굴의 물리적 특징을 측정하고 얼굴유형을 분류하였다. 분석대상은 미스코리아 171명이었다. 얼굴매력의 변화추세를 알아보기 위해 1950년부터 2005년까지 미스코리아의 얼굴 변화를 살폈다. 분석결과 미스코리아는 지난 50년간 성숙한 인상에서 앳된 인상으로 바뀐 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘텐츠학회 2007년도 추계 종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.677-679
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• 2007

한 시대나 사회의 얼굴매력에 대한 관점을 영화배우 등 인기연예인의 얼굴분석을 통해 알 수 있다는 가정 하에 물리적 특징에 기반 한 한국 및 외국 연예인 얼굴의 교차 문화적 특징 및 추세를 알아보았다. 얼굴인상감성모형을 이용하여 각 연예인얼굴의 물리적 특징을 측정하고 얼굴유형을 분류하였다. 분석대상은 한국의 여자연예인 152명, 남자연예인 106명, 외국 여자연예인 115명과 남자연예인 85명으로 총 629명이었다. 교차문화적인 분석에서 동서양의 여자 연예인 얼굴에서 나타난 공통적인 특징은 앳된 인상이었다. 앳된 얼굴은 서양 남자연예인에게서도 두드러진 것으로 나타났으나 동양의 남자연예인에게서는 그러한 특징이 나타나지 않았다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.390-399
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• 2017

Background This article aims to investigate current perceptions of beauty of the general public and physicians without a specialization in plastic surgery performing aesthetic procedures. Methods A cross-sectional and interviewing questionnaire was administered to 290 people in Seoul, South Korea in September 2015. The questionnaire addressed three issues: general attitudes about plastic surgery (Q1), perception of and preferences regarding Korean female celebrities' facial attractiveness (Q2), and the relative influence of each facial aesthetic subunit on overall facial attractiveness. The survey's results were gathered by a professional research agency and classified according to a respondent's gender, age, and job type ($95%{\pm}5.75%$ confidence interval). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS ver. 10.1, calculating one-way analysis of variance with post hoc analysis and Tukey's t-test. Results Among the respondents, 38.3% were in favor of aesthetic plastic surgery. The most common source of plastic surgery information was the internet (50.0%). The most powerful factor influencing hospital or clinic selection was the postoperative surgical results of acquaintances (74.9%). We created a composite face of an attractive Korean female, representing the current facial configuration considered appealing to the Koreans. Beauty perceptions differed to some degree based on gender and generational differences. We found that there were certain differences in beauty perceptions between general physicians who perform aesthetic procedures and the general public. Conclusions Our study results provide aesthetic plastic surgeons with detailed information about contemporary Korean people's attitudes toward and perceptions of plastic surgery and the specific characteristics of female Korean faces currently considered attractive, plus trends in these perceptions, which should inform plastic surgeons within their specialized fields.

• 한국심리학회지 : 문화 및 사회문제
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.749-772
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• 2022

이 연구의 목적은 신체적 매력의 기준인 WHR(waist-to-hip ratio)과 황금비가 타당한지를 검증하는 것이었다. 이를 위해 대학생 남자 60명과 여자 60명을 각각 같은 수의 두 집단으로 나눈 다음, 3D 게임 프로그램을 이용하여 한 집단은 자신이 생각하는 이성, 다른 집단은 자신이 생각하는 동성의 이상형을 구현하도록 했다. 이렇게 구현한 이상형의 WHR과 황금비를 측정하여, 신체적 매력의 기준인 WHR(여성: .7, 남성: .9) 및 황금비(혹은 1.618)와 비교하였다. 그 결과, 참가자의 이상형은 그들의 성별에 상관없이 여성과 남성의 WHR을 매력의 기준치보다 낮게 구현했다. 즉, 참가자들은 남성과 여성의 몸매가 허리가 얇고 골반이 넓은 굴곡진 체형을 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 다양한 방식으로 측정한 황금비의 경우에도 참가자들이 만든 이상형은 이론적인 비율과 거의 대부분 측정치에서 큰 차이가 있었다. BR(body ratio) 점수로 측정한 신체 비율을 보면, 참가자들은 매력적인 캐릭터를 황금비보다 다리를 짧고 허리도 짧게 묘사했으며, 특히 이상적인 남성이 이러한 특성을 더 많이 가지고 있었다. FR(facial ratio)과 FR_VP(facial ratio_vertical point)로 측정한 얼굴 비율에서 참가자들이 만든 매력적인 얼굴 형태는 참가자나 캐릭터의 성별과 관계없이 모두 황금비보다 얼굴이 짧고 넓은 단방형 얼굴의 남녀를 선호했다. 참가자들은 여자 캐릭터 얼굴로 하부 대비 상부가 넓은 동안(baby face)을 선호했고, 남자 캐릭터의 얼굴로 상부 대비 하부가 넓은 남성적 얼굴형을 선호했다. 마지막으로, 이러한 연구 결과의 의미와 함께, 이 연구의 한계점과 후속 연구를 위한 제언을 논의하였다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.248-254
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• 2019

Background No head to head comparison is available between surgical lip lifting and upper lip filler injections to decide which technique yields the best results in patients. Despite the growing popularity of upper lip augmentation, its effect on societal perceptions of attractiveness, successfulness and overall health in woman is unknown. Methods Blinded casual observers viewed three versions of independent images of 15 unique patient lower faces for a total of 45 images. Observers rated the attractiveness, perceived success, and perceived overall health for each patient image. Facial perception questions were answered on a visual analog scale from 0 to 100, where higher scores corresponded to more positive responses. Results Two hundred and seventeen random observers with an average age of 47 years (standard deviation, 15.9) rated the images. The majority of observers were females (n=183, 84%) of white race (n=174, 80%) and had at least some college education (n=202, 93%). The marginal mean score for perceived attractiveness from the natural condition was 1.5 points (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.9-2.18) higher than perceived attractiveness from the simulated upper lip filler injection condition, and 2.6 points higher (95% CI, 1.95-3.24) than the simulated upper lip lift condition. There was a moderate to strong correlation between the scores of the same observer. Conclusions Simulated upper lip augmentation is amenable to social perception analysis. Scores of the same observer for attractiveness, successfulness, and overall health are strongly correlated. Overall, the natural condition had the highest scores in all categories, followed by simulated upper lip filler, and lastly simulated upper lip lift.

• 한국방송∙미디어공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방송공학회 2009년도 IWAIT
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• pp.267-272
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• 2009

Video digests provide an effective way of confirming a video content rapidly due to their very compact form. By watching a digest, users can easily check whether a specific content is worth seeing in full. The impression created by the digest greatly influences the user's choice in selecting video contents. We propose a novel method of automatic digest creation that evokes a joyful impression through the created digest by exploiting smile/laughter facial expressions as emotional cues of joy from video. We assume that a digest presenting smiling/laughing faces appeals to the user since he/she is assured that the smile/laughter expression is caused by joyful events inside the video. For detecting smile/laughter faces we have developed a neural network based method for classifying facial expressions. Video segmentation is performed by automatic shot detection. For creating joyful digests, appropriate shots are automatically selected by shot ranking based on the smile/laughter detection result. We report the results of user trials conducted for assessing the visual impression with automatically created 'joyful' digests produced by our system. The results show that users tend to prefer emotional digests containing laughter faces. This result suggests that the attractiveness of automatically created video digests can be improved by extracting emotional cues of the contents through automatic facial expression analysis as proposed in this paper.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.567-571
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• 2015

Background Bariatric surgeries performed in the USA has increased twelve-fold in the past two decades. The effects of rapid weight loss on facial features has not been previously studied. We hypothesized that bariatric surgery will mimic the effects of aging thus giving the patient an older and less attractive appearance. Methods Consecutive patients were enrolled from the bariatric surgical clinic at our institution. Pre and post weight loss photographs were taken and used to generate two surveys. The surveys were distributed through social media to assess the difference between the preoperative and postoperative facial photos, in terms of patients' perceived age and overall attractiveness. 102 respondents completed the first survey and 95 respondents completed the second survey. Results Of the 14 patients, five showed statistically significant change in perceived age (three more likely to be perceived older and two less likely to be perceived older). The patients were assessed to be more attractive postoperatively, which showed statistical significance. Conclusions Weight loss does affect facial aesthetics. Mild weight loss is perceived by survey respondents to give the appearance of a younger but less attractive patient, while substantial weight loss is perceived to give the appearance of an older but more attractive patient.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2015

Facial symmetry is an important component of attractiveness. However, functional symmetry is favorable to aesthetic symmetry. In addition, fluctuating asymmetry is more natural and common, even if patients find such asymmetry to be noticeable. However, fluctuating asymmetry remains difficult to define. Several studies have shown that a certain level of asymmetry could generate an unfavorable image. A natural profile is favorable to perfect mirror-image profile, and images with canting and differences less than $3^{\circ}-4^{\circ}$ and 3-4 mm, respectively, are generally not recognized as asymmetry. In this study, a questionnaire survey among 434 medical students was used to evaluate photos of Asian women. The students preferred original images over mirror images. Facial asymmetry was noticed when the canting and difference were more than $3^{\circ}$ and 3 mm, respectively. When a certain level of asymmetry is recognizable, correcting it can help to improve social life and human relationships. Prior to any operation, the anatomical component for noticeable asymmetry should be understood, which can be divided into hard tissues and soft tissue. For diagnosis, two-and three-dimensional (3D) photogrammetry and radiometry are used, including photography, laser scanner, cephalometry, and 3D computed tomography.

• 한국심리학회지 : 문화 및 사회문제
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.261-285
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 사회적 평판을 정의하고 대인관계에서 호감, 신뢰도 및 관계형성 선호도에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 예비 연구에서는 남녀 6명씩 12명의 자원한 인물 사진을 제시하고 60명의 평정자로 하여금 외모 매력도를 평가하게 한 후, 척도의 중간값에 가장 가까운 평가를 받은 남녀 인물 사진 1명씩을 선정하였다. 본 연구에서는 선정된 인물 사진 및 그 인물에 대한 녹음된 긍정적, 부정적 평판 시나리오를 제시한 후 260명의 평정자로 하여금 호감, 신뢰도 및 관계형성 선호도를 평정하게 하였다. 연구 결과, 외모의 매력도 역시 호감도, 신뢰수준 및 관계형성 선호도에 영향을 미치는 변인이었으나 사회적 평판이 미치는 효과가 유의하였다. 즉 긍정적 평판을 받은 인물은 부정적 평판을 받은 인물에 비해 호감도, 신뢰수준 및 관계형성 선호도가 매우 높았다. 또한 긍정-부정 평판, 사진의 성별, 평정자의 성별에 따른 차이가 있는지 삼원변량분석을 실시한 결과 긍정-부정 평판과 사진의 성별, 그리고 평정자의 성별간에 상호작용 효과를 보이고 있었는데, 평판이 좋을 때는 평가대상이 여성이거나 평정자가 여성인 경우 남성에 비해 높은 호감이나 신뢰도 및 선호도를 나타내었지만 이와 달리 평판이 나쁠 때는 평가 대상이나 평정자가 여성인 경우 모두 남성에 비해 호감도나 신뢰도 및 선호도가 오히려 낮아지고 있었다. 이와 관련된 본 연구의 의미 및 한계점에 대해 논하였다.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.78-86
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of lip anteroposterior position based on esthetic line on the perceived attractiveness. Materials and Methods: We selected a 20s female standard lateral photograph which was within average range of cephalometric analysis, modified lips anteroposterior position based on esthetic line into 5 pictures. This study investigated and compared the preference of facial profile among the groups; male : female and dental relevance: non-dental relevance. Total 255 judges (male : female=138 : 117, relevant : non-relevant=159 : 96) who were 20s to 30s were asked to rate these photographs based in lip attractiveness using visual analogue scale (VAS). Result: All groups had similarity the average of VAS of moved backward lips 2 mm were highest and moved forward lips 4 mm were lowest. Comparing between male group and female group, there were significant differences in all pictures except for original which was not modified. In the dental groups, moved forward lips 2 mm had significant difference and the average in dental relevant group were lower than non-relevant group in lip protrusion. Conclusion: The preference about lip protrusion was similar irrespective of dental knowledge or gender. All groups preferred retrusion of lips to protrusion of lips. In female group, they had higher the average of VAS. In relevant group, they disliked protrusion rather than retrusion of lips significantly.