• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.171-177
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanism of Cosmetic Acupuncture through reinterpretation of anatomy and physiology. Methods : The causes of wrinkle increases and rapid aging of facial skin were studied and the theoretical system of Cosmetic Acupuncture treatment was analyzed through anatomy and physiology reinterpretation. Results and Conclusions : An increase in wrinkles and rapid aging of facial skin is caused by xerosis. Skin condition represents the condition of subcutaneous muscle. The reason why skin becomes easily dry is the heat produced by craniofacial part. Craniofacial part always generates lot of physiological fever because of the muscles. This physiological fever is produced from the muscles that are responsible for maintaining skull suture, controlling the movement of temporomandibular joint, maintaining head and neck posture. Controlling this fever is the crux of Cosmetic Acupuncture mechanism. These muscles correspond to Foot Taeyang meridian-muscle, Foot Soyang meridian-muscle and Foot Yangmyung meridian-muscle. Cosmetic Acupuncture is effective for preventing facial skin from aging and wrinkle increase by mechanical stimulus on facial muscles, and for controlling craniofacial part meridian-muscle system producing the heat.

• 대한화장품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한화장품학회 2003년도 IFSCC Conference Proceeding Book I
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• pp.387-412
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• 2003

Influence of gelatinase on basement membrane (BM) structure was investigated by using a skin equivalent (SE) model. The results showed that (1) gelatinase produced by cells degraded the BM and (2) the addition of matrix metalloproteinase-specific inhibitor to the SE medium accelerated the formation of BM structure, indicating that gelatinase is involved in BM impairment. The activity of gelatinase was also studied in healthy human facial skin tissues. The result of in situ zymography revealed gelatinase activity around the basal layer of the epidermis, where BM integrity was severely compromised. Therefore, this enzyme was suggested to be associated with BM decomposition in human facial skin. To assess the behavior of gelatinase in stratum corneum (SC) non-invasively, an immunological study was performed. Since positive immunostaining of pro-gelatinase B was observed in SC stripped from sun-exposed skin, whereas no positive staining detected in SC of non-irradiated skin, gelatinase in the epidermis could be non-invasively detected by measuring gelatinase in SC. Gelatinase in SC of healthy female volunteers was monitored using a special film that sensitively and conveniently detects gelatinase. Ninetr percent of SC from facial skin (l00 women, 40's-50's) was gelatinase-positive. On the other hand, SC from non-irradiated skin was negative. These results strongly suggest that (1) gelatinase is constantly produced in the facial epidermis of most middle-aged woman during their daily life, and (2) the enzyme might be involved in the aging-related degeneration of both BM and the matrix fibers of the upper layer of the dermis, acting as a very important aging factor. Strong inhibitory activity against gelatinase was found in turmeric extract and identified curcumin as the major ingredient. Topical application of cream containing turmeric extract significantly decreased the number of gelatinase-positive SC clusters in human facial skins. These results indicated that turmeric is an effective ingredient to prevent skin from photo aging by suppressing chlonically upregulated gelatinase activity by UV and to improve skin condition.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.58-62
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• 2015

Background: Age-related changes have been studied for lower and middle facial bones. Although the forehead comprises one-third of the facial area, no studies have investigated age-related changes in the upper part of the face or forehead. The purpose of this study was to use three-dimensional computed tomography (3D CT) to investigate age-related changes in the frontal bone. Methods: A retrospective review was performed for patients who underwent 3D CT scan of facial bones. Patients were divided by gender and age (20 to 40 years, 41 to 60 years, and above 60 years). The frontal bone curvature was evaluated by the length of frontal bone and by two frontal bone angles in relation to the Frankfurt horizon. Results: In both genders, aging was associated with increasing lower slope length. In elderly men (>60 years), the upper slope angle was significantly higher when compared to younger male subjects. Women demonstrated similar age-related changes, but the differences were only statistically significant for the middle and older age groups. Conclusion: This study demonstrates quantifiable age-related changes in the frontal bone. These findings contribute to the understanding of age-related changes of the facial soft tissues. The mean measurements in each age group can be used as a reference when planning forehead reconstruction.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.521-531
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• 2015

Facial rejuvenation procedures can be roughly divided into face lift surgery and nonoperative, less invasive procedures, such as fat grafts, fillers, botulinum toxin injections, thread lifts, or laserbrasion. Face lift surgery or rhytidectomy is the procedure most directly associated with rejuvenation, due to its fundamental ability to restore the anatomical changes caused by aging. Various methods of face lift surgery have been developed over the last hundred years, thanks to advances in the understanding of facial anatomy and the mechanisms of aging, as well as the dedication of innovative surgeons. However, no generally applicable standard method exists, because the condition of each patient is different, and each operative method has advantages and disadvantages. Specific characteristics of the skin of Asians and their skeletal anatomy should be considered when determining the operative method to be used on Asian patients. Plastic surgeons should improve their ability to analyze the original aesthetic properties and problem areas of each patient, drawing on scientific knowledge about the aging process, and they should develop the skills necessary to perform various rejuvenative techniques. In the present article, we reviewed various face lift procedures and the current methods of modified double plane face lift, based on our clinical experience of over 30 years.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2014

Objective : The purpose of this study is to understand conspicuous features of geroderma with visceral manifestation theory(臟象論). Methods : We categorized skin aging into wrinkles, hyperpigmentation, dry skin and face flush. After investigating the reason, histological changes and mechanism of each classification in western medicine, we interpreted them according to the malfunction of five viscera(五臟) in Korean medicine. Result : The results are as follows. 1. Pathologic change of dermis and subcutaneous fat makes wrinkles. We consider wrinkles as the malfunction of the spleen(脾). 2. Irregular synthesis and disproportion of melanin makes hyperpigmentation. We consider hyperpigmentation as the malfunction of the liver(肝). 3. Dry skin is attributed to a subtle disorder of epidermal maturation. We consider dry skin as the malfunction of the lung(肺). 4. Facial flush is detected in rosacea and menopausal hot flush, which are both related with blood vessel abnormality. We consider facial flush as the malfunction of the heart(心) Conclusion : We interpreted the pathologic changes and mechanism of skin aging in western medicine as the decrease of five viscera(五臟) in visceral manifestation theory(臟象論) of Korean medicine. Further studies are needed to apply these hypothesis to clinical diagnosis and treatment.

• 한국노년학
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.1109-1124
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 고정관념 위협이 노인의 공간 기억 및 정서인식기능에 미치는 영향을 확인하고, 개인이 지니고 있는 노화에 대한 인식에 따라 고정관념 위협의 효과가 다르게 나타나는지 검증해 보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 자발적으로 연구 참여 의사를 밝힌 60세 이상 노인 17명(남=7)을 대상으로 연구를 진행하였으며, 첫 번째 방문 시 K-WMS-IV와 MMSE를 포함한 기본 인지기능 검사를 실시하고, 자신의 노화에 대한 인식, 노화 불안, 노화에 대한 태도, 연령 정체성 척도에 응답하도록 하였다. 두 번째 방문 시, 실험군의 경우 노화가 인지기능을 저하시킨다는 스크립트를 읽도록 하여 고정관념 위협에 노출시켰으며, 대조군의 경우 중립적인 스크립트를 읽도록 하였다. 고정관념위협을 조작한 이후 공간 작업기억 과제 (콜시 블록 태핑 과제)와 정서 인식 과제 (얼굴표정 정서인식 과제)를 수행하도록 하고, 수행의 정확도를 관찰하였다. 연구 결과, 고정관념 위협에 노출된 노인 군이 그렇지 않은 노인 군에 비해 정서인식 과제에서 유의하게 저조한 수행 정확도 (p<.05)를 보였다. 또한 자신의 노화에 대한 인식과 고정관념 위협 사이에 상호작용 효과가 확인되어(p<.05), 자신의 노화에 대한 인식이 긍정적인 노인들은 고정관념 위협에 노출되더라도 정서인식 과제와 어려운 공간 작업기억 과제에서 대조군과 유사한 수행 정확도를 보인 반면, 자신의 노화에 대한 인식이 부정적인 노인들은 고정관념 위협에 노출되었을 때, 매우 저조한 수행 정확도를 나타내는 양상을 보였다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 고정관념 위협이 노인의 정서인식 기능에 부정적 영향을 미치는 것을 검증하였으며, 자신의 노화에 대한 긍정적 인식이 고정관념 위협으로 인한 인지기능 저하의 보호 요인으로 작용한다는 것을 확인하였다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.455-460
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• 2007

Purpose: Aging society was realized after persons over 65 was rated above 7% in 2000. It is inevitable fact that society gets older. Few study about facial bone fracture in elderly was reported until now. This study provides a retrospective statistical analysis of facial bone fracture and reports of some demographical information from medical records. Methods: From January 2000 to December 2005, 123 cases of facial bone fracture in above 55 year-old persons were reviewed and analysed. Statistic data was related to distribution, age, sex, causes, occupations, occurrence, time, incidence of facial bone fracture, treatment and it's complications. Results: Facial bone fractures in elderly tend to increase and rated to 4.7%. Facial bone fractures in elderly were most frequently occurred in farmers, cultivator accidents and zygoma fractures. A few minor complications were checked, but easily improved. Conclusion: Facial bone fractures in elderly have small proportion of the whole facial bone fractures, but gradually have been increased. This study was observed trends in changes of facial bone fracture in elderly for 5 years and expected to provide statistical index to prevent facial bone fracture in elderly.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.119-133
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• 2015

Objective : Thread embedding acupuncture has become popular as a minimally invasive treatment for facial wrinkles and laxity. However, there is little published clinical practice guidelines. This study is to developing a specific procedure of thread embedding acupuncture for facial wrinkles and laxity. Method : We reviewed and summarized 6 studies on thread embedding acupuncture for facial wrinkles and laxity. And, four practitioners who have more than four year of clinical experience and one hundred of cases were participated in developing a thread embedding acupuncture procedure for facial wrinkles and laxity. Result and conclusion : We developed a thread embedding acupuncture procedure for facial wrinkles and laxity which consists of correction of lower jaw, facial laxity, nasolabial fold and eye wrinkles.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권12호
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• pp.5805-5810
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• 2011

본 연구는 피부 관리 측면의 노화방지 프로그램을 개발하는 기초자료를 제공할 목적으로 수기 요법과 저출력 레이저 요법을 이용하여 각각의 요법에 8명씩의 41세에서 58세 사이의 여성들에게 2011년 6월 20일부터 8월 26일까지 주 2회씩 4주 동안 총 8회에 걸쳐 안면 마사지를 시행하였다. 시행 2, 4, 6, 8회후 눈 밑과 볼의 피부 탄력도와 눈가와 볼의 멜라닌 양을 측정하여 평균값과 표준편차를 내고 비교 분석한 결과 두 집단 모두에서 탄력도가 유의적으로 증가하고 멜라닌양은 유의적으로 감소하는 결과가 나타났다. 또한, 탄력도의 증가율과 멜라닌양의 감소율 모두에서 수기 요법보다 저출력 레이저 요법이 더 효과가 높은 것으로 나타나 저출력 레이저 요법이 안면 피부의 탄력도와 멜라닌 양에 미치는 효과가 수기 요법보다 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서 저출력 레이저를 이용한 피부 관리는 안면 피부의 노화방지에 유의하며 새로운 피부 관리의 프로그램으로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 분석되었다.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.79-86
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• 2023

Purpose : Aging is reflected on the face of women due to the depletion of collagen and hydration in the facial skin overtime. This study investigated the effect of multiple SONO^® ultrasound for a 4-week period on the skin health by measuring the skin elasticity and deeper skin elasticity in the tested women subjects. Methods : Twenty healthy women were recruited for this experiment. All the participants applied multiple ultrasound device (SONO^®) during this experiment. The SONO^® device was set to ANTI-AGING function and five power steps such as 1, 3, 10 and 17 MHz were used during this experiment, and directly contacted with the facial skin. Specifically, the probe was contacted with the entire face except for the nose and eyes for 10 min on each side of the face every day and repeated for 4 weeks. The skin elasticity and the elasticity of deeper skin were measured at three times (0, 2, 4 weeks) using a Ballistometer and dermal torque meter, respectively. The one way repeated ANOVA was used to compare the skin elasticity and the elasticity of deeper skin among three times (0, 2, 4 weeks). Results : The skin elasticity (p<.05) and elasticity of deeper skin (p<.05) were significantly increased at 2 weeks and 4 weeks of intervention compared to that at 0 weeks. For the skin elasticity, there was no significant difference between 2 and 4 weeks of intervention (p>.05). For the elasticity of deeper skin, it increased significantly at 4 weeks compared to 2 weeks of intervention (p<.05). Conclusion : These findings suggest that applying multiple SONO^® ultrasound to the facial skin of healthy women for 4 weeks, can increase the skin elasticity and elasticity of deeper skin by supporting epidermal hydration and dermal collagen production.