• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.40-49
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• 2013

To predict ground conditions ahead of the tunnel face, seismic refraction survey has been widely used. But due to the development in seismic equipment and techniques, tomography using borehole and others are actively applied in recent years. This study has a purpose to prevent stability problems during excavation and construction of tunnels by predicting unfavorable ground conditions such as fault, fractured zone and rock quality variation zone ahead of the tunnel face using TSP survey equipment. In this study, the validity of predicting ground conditions ahead of tunnel face by TSP survey has been evaluated through the case study in the road construction site.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.151-168
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• 1999

The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of different meeting modes and task types on the outcomes of group decision making. The hypotheses postulate the potential effects of different meeting modes on appropriation process; different meeting modes on group outcomes; and the appropriation process on group outcomes. A laboratory experiment was conducted. A GSS was developed using Lotus Notes for this experiment. The results provide partial support for the hypotheses derived from the theoretical model. The interaction effects between meeting modes and tasks are not always observed in the analyses. However, groups using a face-to-face meeting mode in negotiation task reach significantly higher levels of perceived outcome quality, of satisfaction with the outcome, and of satisfaction with the process than groups using a dispersed-synchronous meeting mode. It suggests that a face-to-face meeting mode can enhance the effectiveness of groups working on a negotiation task such as stakeholder analysis. Furthermore, the manner in which groups appropriate the technology significantly influence the group performance. The results support the validity and usefulness of the IRT and the AST as a GSS research framework.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.113-119
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• 2013

Face recognition techniques have been widely used for various areas including criminal identification due to their capability of easy implementing and user friendly interface. However, they have some drawbacks related to individual's privacy in case that his or her face information is divulged to illegal users. So, this paper proposed a novel method for protecting face template based on the real fuzzy vault. This proposed method has some advantages of regenerating a new face template when a registered face template is disclosed. Through implementing and testing the proposed method, we showed its validity and usefulness.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.296-303
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Korean version of Diabetes Empowerment Measurement Scale Short Form (DES-SF) for use with diabetic patients in Korea. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was used with 107 participants. Bilingual nursing professionals performed translation and reverse translation. Reliability and validity such as face validity, construct validity, and concurrent validity were conducted. To assess the concurrent validity, the correlation coefficients between the Korean version of the DES-SF and a concurrent scale (Diabetes Self-Efficacy Scale, DSES) were calculated. Results: In the explanatory factor analysis, a uni-dimension was proposed, the one factor accounted for 49.4% of total variances. The Korean version of the DES-SF correlated with a concurrent variable such DSES for reliability of the Korean version of the DES-SF, Cronbach's ${\alpha}=.85$. Conclusion: The findings show that the Korean version of the DES-SF is reliable and valid for evaluating empowerment in patients with diabetes in Korea.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.557-570
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to develop a digital-based non-face-to-face instructional design model for national public servants. For this purpose, we reviewed the direction of non-face-to-face instructional design based on previous research, and interviewed a total of 10 instructors and learners with experience in non-face-to-face education to identify the success factors of non-face-to-face instructional design for government employees. In addition, to ensure the validity of the instructional design model, a Delphi survey was conducted with experts in instructional design and educational management. As a result, the digital-based instructional design model for national public servants reflects the importance of learning objectives and content design to enhance learning motivation and improve educational effectiveness, and includes detailed implementation plans to support specific and clear performance activities for instructors in non-face-to-face education situations. The instructional design model developed through this study can be expanded as a standard for improving the quality of education in public human resource development, and can be used as a teaching and learning guide according to learner types and characteristics.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.468-477
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• 2023

Background This article describes the development of the Myanmar Articulation, Resonation, Nasal Emission, and Nasal Turbulence test for children with cleft lip and palate (CLP), and evaluation of its validity and reliability. Methods It was created by three Thai researchers and a Burmese research assistant based on Burmese phonology. The content validity was evaluated by six Burmese language experts. All test items were divided into three groups: high-pressure oral consonants, low-pressure oral consonants, and nasal consonants. Results All items (58-word and 32-phrase/sentence) gave an excellent level of the expert agreement (item-level content validity indexes = 1.00). The target items were illustrated as color pictures. Each picture was clearly drawn and easy to identify. As a pilot study of face validity, all pictures were administered to 10 typical-developing children. The actual testing was assessed by 10 CLP children, and the developed test was analyzed through consultation of the Burmese teachers and interpreters from a speech camp. Testing scores for a total including three groups of target items were shown acceptable for internal consistency reliability (ranged from 0.4 to 0.88). Conclusion The constructed test is valid in terms of its content.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.95-103
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• 2017

Objectives This study was aimed to analyze characteristics of facial shapes in adult women by sasang constitution using hyungsang classification. Methods Using a digital camera, we took a picture of 1,011 women who participated in clinical study on menstrual pain and acquired their 3D facial images with a face-only scanner. They filled out SSCQ-P(sasang constitution questionnaire for patient) for the diagnosis of sasang constitution. Based on the above photographs and 3D images, one of the hyungsang medicine specialist diagnosed according to five diagnostic criteria. The sasang constitution was diagnosed by referring to questionnaires and photographs. Frequency analysis was performed using the statistical analysis system version 9.4 and chi-square test was performed for validity evaluation. Results In taeeumin, the wide face shape(n=261, 74.36%) was much more than the narrow shape(n=90, 25.64%) and the convex face profile(n=164, 85.86%) was much more than the concave profile(n=27, 14.14%). Regardless of sasang constitution, angular face shape(n=501, 50%) was the most, followed by oval shape(n=317, 31.64%). Subjects with big ears(n=291, 29.19%) were the most, while big eyes(n=104, 10.43%) were the least. Subjects with eyes and nose tip upward(n=615, 78.05%) were the most, while eyes and nose tip downward(n=22, 2.79%) were the least. Conclusions Most Korean adult women have angular face, such as square or diamond, with slanted eyes and upturned nose. Taeeumin women have wide facial shape and convex profile.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.675-686
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop an Allergic Rhinitis-Specific Quality of Life (ARSQOL) scale and verify its validity and reliability. Methods: ARSQOL was developed in 5 steps. Items for the preliminary instrument of ARSQOL were developed through a literature review and deep interviews with allergic rhinitis patients. Face validity with Content Validity Index (CVI), construct validity using factor analysis, and known group comparison, criterion validity test using correlation between ARSQOL and total nasal symptoms score (TNSS) were conducted to evaluate the validity of ARSQOL. Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ was used to evaluate the reliability of ARSQOL. Results: CVI for the items in the final ARSQOL were. 92. Five factors including discomfort associated with nasal symptoms (4 items), physical function (7 items), mental function (5 items), sleep disorder and social function (4 items), and problems of daily life (6 items) were identified through factor analysis and these five factors explained 66.6% of the total variance. The correlation coefficient between TNSS and the total score of life quality was -.69. In the group comparison, the persistent allergic rhinitis group showed lower ARSQOL scores than the intermittent patient group, and moderate to the severe allergic rhinitis patient group presented poorer ARSQOL than the mild symptom patient group. The Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ reliability coefficient was .95. Conclusion: Results show that the ARSQOL has good reliability and validity and thus ARSQOL is a useful scale for clinical practices and research as a measure of quality of life in adults with allergicr hinitis.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.1087-1104
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• 2015

An eye location based head posture recognition method is proposed in this paper. First, face is detected using skin color method, and eyebrow and eye areas are located based on gray gradient in face. Next, pupil circles are determined using edge detection circle method. Finally, head postures are recognized based on eye location information. The proposed method has high recognition precision and is robust for facial expressions and different head postures, and can be used in mouse operation. The experimental results reveal the validity of proposed method.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.132-141
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• 1993

Laboratory and field tests were performed to find out the effectiveness of ground improvement by grouting for an urban subway tunnel that was excavated in weak rock by the NATM. Field measurements were carried out to monitor the behavior of rock mass around the tunnel and to ensure the validity of the current design of the distance form the measuring points to the tunnel face. The final converged displacement and the peroid were predicted using the gamma function. It was found that the ground improvement in terms of reduced permeability and increased stength in the self-supportability of the excavation face enabled the NATM applied in poor gorund. As the result of applying the gamma function to the predicting of displacement, the final displacement including the preceding one and the converged period could be approximately predicted at the early excavation stage.