• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.363-371
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• 2020

This study based on the digital innovation of the fashion industry has researched digital-based face design that already has many users all over the world through social media and has influenced the fashion industry. The purpose of this study is to present the future vision of the direction of the fashion industry by classifying representative cases of augmented reality-based digital face design and deriving the oriented value that penetrates them. It was needed to analyzing 3D designer's works that provide digital filter-based face design to the public through Instagram and Facebook. As a result of observing the oriented value of digital face design from the point of view of modern fashion through case exploration, three trends were drawn: experimental formativeness orientation, playful experience orientation, and future technology orientation. This study limited the scope to digital-based face design, but the conclusions presented through these are applicable to all areas of fashion. Therefore, it is supposed to expect to study new phenomena related to fashion design and fashion communication based on digital augmented reality beyond the scope of face design in the future.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.516-523
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• 2016

For old-age makeups, makeup artists first make a mold cast of an actor's face using plaster and then sculpt wrinkles in clay on the plaster mold. After finishing the clay sculpture, its negative plaster mold is fabricated and silicone skin patches are finally made for application to the actor's face. This process takes a few days and is tedious for actors and makeup artists. With recent advances in 3D printing and scanning technology, it is becoming easier to scan and fabricate 3D faces. This paper presents a new pipeline composed of facial scanning, interactive wrinkle modeling, and mold printing stages to easily and efficiently fabricate silicone masks for old-age makeups without the use of plaster and clay. An intuitive sketch interface based on a normal map is proposed for the creation of wrinkles in real time, even with a high-resolution face model. Then the geometry of the final wrinkles is reconstructed using a depth map and the negative mold of the wrinkled face is printed. We also show that the presented pipeline can fabricate a silicone mask more conveniently than the traditional one that consists of pouring silicone into the prepared negative mold and then overlapping the mold with the original positive one.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.14-26
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• 2010

This study aims to investigate how the woman's beauty makeup trend had been changed in 1960s by analyzing the characteristics of woman's make-up in that period. For this study, a lot of documents and papers related to the woman's make-up were collected and reviewed. In particular, to analyze the characteristics of woman's make up trend in 1960s, a lot of women's pictures and makeup-related articles from 143 volumes of woman's magazines such as Yeowon and Jubusaenghwal were collected. Among the 624 pictures, fifty two pictures which were good enough for studying the total face and makeup were used for this study. The period of this study ranges from 1960 through 1969 and the analysis is focused on skin expression, eyebrow, eye shadow, eye line, lipstick, and brusher and through the related articles, the intention and contents of make up. were delivered and found out. The results are as follows. In early 1960s, the woman's make up was characterized by the make up ranging from unnatural and gray skin expression to dense pink skin expression, giving natural and glossy tint onto the skin and in particular putting a bright accent on the eyelid, eye or lip. In the mid-1960s, the make up style expressed skin more naturally, giving more shading on the eyelid, nose and lip, thus having cubic make-up. In the late 1960s, the make up became more refined and harmonized by using colors according to the TPO (time, place and objective) and skin color. The study results show that the women in 1960s pursued the "cute and young looking image" and used the make up to express their images young and cute. In the mid 1960s, the minimalism which pursued the pure and simple make up appeared in US. That trend affected the make up style of Korean women and hence Korean women showed more natural make up style in the mid and late 1960s.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.144-145
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• 2012

Make-up is the act of protecting the body and face, or a beautifully decorating by covering the shortcomings. In this paper, classification and type of makeup was newly organized to suit the present day. And the meaning of the new make-up were evaluated. Makeup helps protect skin from external changes. It gives the beauty function to hide defects of the skin and make it beautiful. Thus, it allows to have a social life actively and aggressively given the confidence to look.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.86-100
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• 2005

This paper has examined how ugliness has aesthetically been portrayed in modern make-up. In the past, ugliness was regarded as an antonym of beauty, but it recently plays a role on part of beauty, as independent portion of art. It was Schegel who initially maintained the view. According to his theory, ugliness represents interesting things including suffering reality, shock, attention, humor, surprises brought by distort and deformation. Hegel had a different view on it. As for him, he had the notion that ugliness was the opposite to beauty and that it had to be dependent in art, he argued that art was subordinate to philosophy, and that it was just nostalgia for the past, not representing reality, therefore, it could not be a foothold in contemporary art. In this context, some images of ugliness can be classified accordingly to Schegel's view deteste, decadence and androgynous can be fallen into a category describing reality; fetish, kitsch and grotesque can be included in interesting things. There is no fine line between the two. There are sometimes things they have in common. They mutually draw attentions by distancing themselves from general images of beauty, or making many changes and distorts in its part, using unique materials, unprecedented attempts of colors which result in creative and shocking images. Attempts made in ugly images in modern art are widening its concept to depicting reality on the body of human beings, also creating its new definition, playing a major role in independent part of modern art, not in the past way like wearing make-up on the face to make it look better.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.248-256
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to introduce an application as a learning medium that can be used by students to prepare Solo bridal paes. This application can be used by make-up beginners who are learning about Solo bridal paes. This study used a quasi-experimental method with a randomized pretest-posttest control group. The paes application can be used as a medium in Solo bridal makeup learning, because it is highly effective in helping students prepare Solo bridal paes. This application is also considerably practical because it can be installed on smartphones. Experimental results revealed a difference between the control and experimental classes. Students in the experimental class could prepare paes neatly, and their shapes were proportional to the face of the model. The use of augmented reality as a medium to teach Solo bridal makeup, especially for making paes, is an innovation in the world of education. This application can help students make paes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.57 no.5 s.114
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• pp.99-111
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• 2007

The purpose of this study were to identity face satisfaction and make-up behavior according to their lifestyles of middle aged women. The subjects were 350 women of 40 - 59 years old. The results of this study were as follow: 1. Lifestyle factors of middle aged women were self confidence, leisure activities, interests in appearance, economical efficiency, conservatism, and value-orientation. They were classified into four types of dignified & appearance interested group, passive stagnated group, unconfident & economic group, and value-oriented & leisure group according to their lifestyles. 2. They were satisfied with their eyes, lips, and eyebrows, but not satisfied with face tone, face shape, and skin texture. Total face satisfaction level was over average. The face satisfaction level of dignified & appearance interested group and value-oriented & leisure group were higher than other groups, but that of passive stagnated group was the lowest. 3. They pursued internal beauty and natural makeup, and did not follow trendy colors. Dignified & appearance interested group pursued characteristic, elegant, changeable, and various make-up colors, but value-oriented & leisure group pursued more various, changeable, and trendy colors. They did not prefer trendy products because of high price. Dignified & appearance interested group and unconfident & economic group were highly price-oriented, but value-oriented & leisure group purchased trendy products. 4. Dignified & appearance interested group included working women with not much income, but passive stagnated group included low-educated and non-working women. Unconfident & economic group included low-educated non-working women with not much income, but value-oriented & leisure group included highly-educated working women with high income.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.369-377
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• 2022

Recent deep learning-based face synthesis research shows the result of generating a realistic face including overall style or elements such as hair, glasses, and makeup. However, previous methods cannot create a face at a very detailed level, such as the microstructure of the skin. In this paper, to overcome this limitation, we propose a technique for synthesizing a more realistic facial image from a single face label image by controlling the types and intensity of skin microelements. The proposed technique uses Pix2PixHD, an Image-to-Image Translation method, to convert a label image showing the facial region and skin elements such as wrinkles, pores, and redness to create a facial image with added microelements. Experimental results show that it is possible to create various realistic face images reflecting fine skin elements corresponding to this by generating various label images with adjusted skin element regions.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.43-56
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• 2010

In the modern 21st century society, the personal image is considered to be very important. As a result, the importance of presenting one's personal image through personal color in fashion and beauty related fields are increasing, and is the most realistic and practical field of color. When the color of the wardrobe and the skin color are in disharmony, that disharmony becomes the source of the lines and wrinkles that appear on one's face, resulting in shades. The boundary that is created when the color of the wardrobe and the skin color are in disharmony, it works negatively on one's image. When color arrangements are close or similar (in harmony) or are in complementary color arrangements or in strong contrasting state (contrasting harmony), it is generally believed to be beautifully harmonious. Personal color assessment is finding colors, through systematic and scientific methods, that improve the personal image by reaching harmony with skin colors that each and every individual are uniquely born with. In this study, one was able to learn the improved visual effects of the face image through creating harmony with the wardrobe and color shade make up and complementary colors that were selected based on personal colors. The base make up, through using the contrasting effects of the complementary colors which represents the supplementing, correcting, and complementing of the face image by contrasting with complementary colors, brings positive changes through correcting the base skin color. It is believed that this study finds its importance in that the improved image that is created by the overall harmony of the wardrobe and body can be used as valuable data in marketing and new product development efforts in the related industries.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.12-24
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• 2009

This paper aims to investigate if a total of 266 college students from Yanbian, China, and Korea's Jeonnam Province are satisfied with their face and body type, and to find out an image-development method, depending on body characteristics. For this, a questionnaire survey using the 5-point Likert Scale was conducted, and an SPSS program has been used for data analysis. Besides the descriptive analysis, crosstab analysis, t-verification, and frequency analysis have been conducted. As body shape, posture, costume, accessories and makeup play an important role in image formation, this paper intends to form positive ego through exact awareness of the body shape by providing base data to a set image-development strategy. Then, the result has turned out as follows: First, in terms of the body index (i.e., Rohrer index), both Korea's Jeonnam Province and China's Yanbian college students were included in a category of the mean value. In terms of satisfaction with their body shape, on the contrary, China's China's Yanbian college students were higher than Korea's Jeonnam Province college students. Second, male China's Yanbian college students were slightly higher than female China's Yanbian college students in terms of satisfaction with their facial shape. However, the male students showed no big interest in facial care. Third, in terms of facial shape, an egg-shaped face was the most preferred in both China's Yanbian and Korea's Jeonnam Province college students, followed by an inverted triangle-shaped face in China's Yanbian college students and a diamond-shaped face in Korea's Jeonnam Province college students, showing significant difference ($p{\le}.001$). Even though both college students live in Northeast Asia, their preference on facial shape turned out to greatly differ, which indicates their different social environments. This paper will be helpful in global marketing for college students who are the major consumers in the future as Korean-Chinese exchange increases.