• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집E
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• pp.416-421
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• 2001

This paper presents the numerical prediction of sound generated by viscous flow past a circular cylinder. The two dimensional flow field is predicted using FEM based Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes solver, and the calculated unsteady fluid field values are utilized by an acoustic code that implements Ffowcs Willianms-Hawkings(FW-H) equation. The integration surface used in acoustic analysis is extended from the cylinder surface to permeable surfaces. The 2D based CFD calculations overpredict the acoustic amplitude, however, if adequate correlation length is used, the predicted acoustic amplitude agrees well with experiment. The predictions using extended integral surface in FW-H equation show results that contain the characteristics of quadrupole - volume integration - noise term, and do not vary seriously with the integral surface location.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.263-270
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• 2018

외부 유동소음 문제를 다루는 대부분의 산업현장에서 FW-H(Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings) 방정식을 이용한 복합전산공력음향 기법이 수치적인 효율성으로 인하여 널리 사용되고 있다. 그러나 사중극자항을 무시한 면적분 형태의 FW-H 방정식을 사용할 때 경우에 따라 무시할 수 없는 비물리적인 소음이 발생한다고 알려져 있다. 특히, 수중 프로펠러와 같이 날개 끝 와류 공동(tip vortex cavitation)이 하류방향으로 길게 형성되는 유동에 대해서는 적절하게 모델링하지 않으면 소음 예측의 정확도가 떨어지게 된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 사중극자 보정항을 추가하여 적분면에서 FW-H 방정식으로부터 발생하는 비물리적인 음향을 저감시키고자 하였다. 먼저 FW-H 방정식에 기초하여 개발한 내부 예측코드의 정확성을 확인하기 위하여 에어컨 실외기에 사용되는 축류팬을 대상으로 검증을 수행하였으며, ANSYS Fluent의 결과와 비교하여 잘 일치하는 것을 확인하였다. 사중극자 보정항의 효과를 확인하기 위하여 등엔트로피 와류 전파에 대한 소음 해석을 수행하였으며, 사중극자 보정항에 의한 오차의 저감 효과가 발생하는 것을 확인하였다. 마지막으로 Clark-Y 수중익형에서 발생하는 공동 유동장을 대상으로 소음 해석을 수행하였으며, 공동이적분면을 통과할 때 발생하는 오차를 사중극자 보정항을 이용하여 저감할 수 있다는 것을 확인하였다.

• 소음진동
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.471-476
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• 2001

This paper focuses on the numerical prediction of airflow-induced sound in DVD drives. As a first step, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is conducted to evaluate flow field characteristics due to the high-speed disk rotation, and to support the acoustic analysis. Acoustic analogy based on Ffowcs Wi1liams-Hawkings (FW-H) equation is adopted to predict aeroacoustic noise patterns. The integral solution for quadrupole volume source is included to identify the turbulence noise generated inside the DVD tray. The strength of sound pressure revel with respect to rotating speed is discussed to meet upfront demand on the high fidelity product development. The present study also focuses on the noise directivity and examines how much the sound noise is sensitive to change in rotating speed. Near-field noise is strongly affected by the flow field characteristic, which is caused by the complex shape of the tray. For a mid-field, the quadrupole noise play as a counterpart of thickness noise or loading noise, so it generates different sound noise Patterns compared with those in the near field.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 현재 일반 프로펠러 항공기에 사용 중인 둥근 팁 형상을 갖는 Hartzell 사 제작 프로펠러에 대해서 두께소음과 하중소음에 대한 예측을 시도하였다. 음향장 해석에 앞서서 프로펠러 표면상에 존재하는 압력분포는 자유후류 패널 방법과 비정상 베르누이 방정식을 이용하여 구하였다. 음향장 해석을 위해서는 FW-H의 음향상사 법칙을 적용하였다. 주어진 프로펠러 형상과 운전 조건에 대한 소음 예측으로부터 두께소음은 프로펠러 회전면을 기준으로 전방과 후방이 서로 비슷한 면대칭 분포를 갖는 반면에, 하중소음은 프로펠러 후방의 소음이 전방에 비해서 더 크게 나오는 결과를 보여주었다. 일반적인 운전조건에서는 전반적으로 하중소음이 두께소음보다 지배적인 결과를 보여주었다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2002년도 학술대회지
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• pp.763-766
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• 2002

A BEM is highly efficient method in the sense of economic computation. However, boundary integration is not easy for the complex and moving surface e.g. in a rotating blade. Thus, Kirchhoff surface is designed in an effort to overcome the difficulty resulting from complex boundary conditions. A Kirchhoff surface is a fictitious surface which envelopes acoustic sources of main concern. Acoustic sources may be distributed on each Kirchhoff surface element depending on its acoustic characteristics. In this study, an axial fan is assumed to have loading noise as a dominant source. Dipole sources can be computed based on the FW-H equation. Acoustic field is then computed by changing Kirchhoff surface on which near-field is implemented, to analyze the effect of Kirchhoff surface on it.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.772-777
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• 2002

A BEM is highly efficient method in the sense of economic computation. However, boundary integration is not easy for the complex and moving surface e.g. in a rotating blade. Thus, Kirchhoff surface is designed in an effort to overcome the difficulty resulting from complex boundary conditions. A Kirchhoff surface is a fictitious surface which envelopes acoustic sources of main concern. Acoustic sources may be distributed on each Kirchhoff surface element depending on its acoustic characteristics. In this study, an axial fan is assumed to have loading noise as a dominant source. Dipole sources can be computed based on the FW-H equation. Acoustic field is then computed by changing Kirchhoff surfaces on which near-field is implemented, to analyze the effect of Kirchhoff surface on it.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.701-713
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• 2003

The BEM is a highly efficient method in the sense of economical computation. However, boundary integration is not easy for the complex geometry and moving surface, e.g. a rotating blade. Thus, Kirchhoff surface is designed in an effort to overcome the difficulty resulting from complex boundary conditions. A Kirchhoff surface is a fictitious surface which envelopes acoustic sources of main concern. Acoustic sources may be distributed on each Kirchhoff surface element according to their acoustic characteristics. In this study, an axial fan is assumed to have unsteady loading noise as a dominant source. Dipole sources can be modeled to solve the FW-H equation. Acoustic field is then computed by determining Kirchhoff surface on which near-field is implemented, to analyze the effect of Kirchhoff surface on it. The optimal shape and the location of Kirchhoff surface are discussed by comparing with experimental data acquired in an anechoic chamber.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제26권6_spc호
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• pp.705-713
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• 2016

Underwater noise produced by ships has been becoming an increasing issue. A dominantly contributing noise source is a ship propeller. Therefore, it is important to predict the propeller noise at the propeller design stages. This study applied the acoustic analogy based on Ffowcs Williams equation for the prediction of the marine propeller BPF noise. A marine propeller BPF noise is investigated experimentally as well as numerically. Propeller BPF noise measurement and propeller cavitation observation tests are performed in the KRISO medium size cavitation tunnel. Numerical prediction schemes of marine propeller BPF noise are presented together with the noise measurement method. Propeller BPF noise predictions and experiments are performed under the various propeller operating conditions including non-cavitating and caveating conditions. Numerical and experimental results are compared and analyzed. It is shown that numerical prediction results are generally in good agreement with the measured data.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.321-327
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• 2019

본 연구의 목표는 의류 건조기용 원심팬과 덕트 및 하우징 등을 포함한 공기배출 시스템의 유량 성능 향상 및 공력소음을 저감하기 위한 것이다. 전산유체역학과 FW-H(Ffowcs-Williams and Hawkings) 방정식에 기초한 음향상사법을 이용하여 유동 및 소음 특성을 고찰하였다. 유량과 소음성능 최적화 설계를 위해 반응표면기법을 활용하였다. 설계 인자로 원심팬의 날개 입구각, 출구각을 고려한 2인자 중심합성계획법을 채택하였다. 도출된 최적설계안은 덕트와 하우징에서 감소된 난류에너지 분포를 나타냈으며 결과적으로 유량의 증가와 공력소음이 감소됨을 확인하였다. 최종적으로 최적설계안을 기초로 제작한 시제품에 대한 실험을 통하여 4.2 % 유량이 증가함을 확인하였다.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 유체기계공업학회 2004년도 유체기계 연구개발 발표회 논문집
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• pp.89-93
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• 2004

To numerically construct the sound fields by a plenum fan mostly found in Air-Handling Unit (AHU), the Kirchhoff-BEM approach was applied to the near-field data of a turbo fan. The scattering effects were found to be significant by the plenum box structure for high-frequency components of source. The directivity petterns and sound pressure levels were also dependent upon the helmholts number which must be considered of the design stage for sound reduction program.