• Journal of Conservation Science
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.11-18
• /
• 2019

The adhesives joining Buddhist scripture scrolls from medieval Korea(Goryeo Dynasty, A.D. 918~1392) are different from wheat starch adhesive. The composition of the adhesive was analyzed using Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared(ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. In the adhesive used to join Buddhist scripture scrolls, peaks attributed to amide I and amide II of the protein and carbohydrate were detected in the ATR-FTIR spectra, and no carbonyl peak($1745cm^{-1}$) for oil was detected in the 2nd derivative ATR-FTIR spectra. The ATR-FTIR spectra almost coincided with those of defatted soybean powder adhesive. Hence, the adhesives joining Buddhist scripture scrolls were inferred to be soybean adhesive prepared from a defatted soybean cake.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.13 no.5
• /
• pp.549-557
• /
• 2000

FRIR-ATR spectrometry has been used to monitor the aqueous reactions of compounds without distinct chromophores in ultraviolet and visible regions. For example, hydrolysis reactions of ${\alpha}$-cyclodextrin and ${\gamma}$-cyclodextrin in acidic aqueous solution were studied. FTIR-ATR method has been used for the monitoring of cyclodextrin hydrolysis in 1.0 M. 0.5 M, and 0.1 M HCl solutions, respectively. We also found that the hydrolysis of ${\alpha}$-cyclodextrin produced glucose, but the hydrolysis of ${\gamma}$-cyclodextrin proceeded further to give more fragmented products than glucose.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.593-598
• /
• 2013

In this study, we have evaluated the water absorption phenomenon of photoresist dry film, which is commonly used to build circuits on PCB (Printed Circuit Board) by photolithography, by using ATR-FTIR (Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared). We have firstly observed significant change in fracture mode of dry film with respect to temperature and humidity, which we assumed the material transition from ductile to brittle. Secondly, we have established the process of absorption test for determining the diffusion coefficients of water into the dry film both with gravimeter and ATR-FTIR. We have successfully calculated the diffusion coefficients for each environmental conditions from the results which we achieved by gravimeter and ATR-FTIR. Compared to the gravimeter which is a conventional method for absorption test, the ATR-FTIR method in this study has been found to be very easy to use and have the same accuracy as gravimeter. Moreover, we are expecting to use the ATR-FTIR as an appropriate method to study the absorption phenomena related to any kinds of solvent and polymer system.

• Polymer(Korea)
• /
• v.38 no.4
• /
• pp.425-433
• /
• 2014

In this study, microstructure and gel content (C-C) of polybutadiene rubber (PBR) were investigated using various techniques including ASTM D 3616, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (ATR FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). The ATR FTIR spectra of the samples were investigated to determine the cis, trans, 1, 2-vinyl and the C-C gel content in PBR. The absorbance ratios of specific peaks in different grades of PBR were correlated with the C-C gel content measured by the ATR FTIR techniques. Physico-mechanical and rheological properties of rubber compounds based on BR with various amounts of gel were determined. The results showed that there is an acceptable correlation between these properties and the C-C gel content of PBR.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.16.1-16.10
• /
• 2020

Cancer is a major cause of death in dogs worldwide, and the incidence of cancer in dogs is increasing. The attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic (ATR-FTIR) technique is a powerful tool for the diagnosis of several diseases. This method enables samples to be examined directly without pre-preparation. In this study, we evaluated the diagnostic value of ATR-FTIR for the detection of cancer in dogs. Cancer-bearing dogs (n = 30) diagnosed by pathologists and clinically healthy dogs (n = 40) were enrolled in this study. Peripheral blood was collected for clinicopathological diagnosis. ATR-FTIR spectra were acquired, and principal component analysis was performed on the full wave number spectra (4,000-650 cm^-1). The leave-one-out cross validation technique and partial least squares regression analysis were used to predict normal and cancer spectra. Red blood cell counts, hemoglobin levels and white blood cell counts were significantly lower in cancer-bearing dogs than in clinically healthy dogs (p < 0.01, p < 0.01 and p = 0.03, respectively). ATR-FTIR spectra showed significant differences between the clinically healthy and cancer-bearing groups. This finding demonstrates that ATR-FTIR can be applied as a screening technique to distinguish between cancer-bearing dogs and healthy dogs.

• Polymer(Korea)
• /
• v.28 no.6
• /
• pp.545-550
• /
• 2004

The refractive index of thin copolymer film was controlled by photo-degradation of chromophores in the copolymer. FTIR and UV/Vis spectroscopy were employed to elucidate the effect of chemical structure on refractive index changes after photobleaching. The decrease of refractive index of the film by photobleaching can be ascribed to the decrease of polarizability of polymer molecules through breakage of C =C bond in the chromophore. Due to the selective photoreaction of the chromophores which align along the film plane, refractive index of the copolymer film measured in TE mode decreases faster than that in TM mode. Polarized ATR-FTIR spectroscopy was used to verify such a difference in refractive index of the film.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.27 no.6
• /
• pp.300-307
• /
• 2014

For the application of chemical assessment standards by the extent of diagenetic alteration, we investigated three archaeological animal bones and a modern animal bone using Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflection (FTIR-ATR) spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The calculating results of crystallinity index (CI), carbonate-to-phosphate (C/P) and carbonate-to-carbonate (C/C) using FTIR-ATR spectra showed differences CI and C/P according to the preservative condition of animal bones. By comparison of the crystallinity contents using XRD patterns, the states of animal bones were distinguished to the range of $30^{\circ}-35^{\circ}$. As results of FTIR-ATR and XRD analysis, it is suggested that Mongolian large mammals bone presents the best preservative condition, and cattle bone from Naju site, and Haman site followed. In addition, those were correlated with the results of histological index. The results suggested that the chemical assessment standards may contribute to application of predictions of the states of animal bones discovered from Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korean Fiber Society Conference
• /
• 2003.10b
• /
• pp.199-200
• /
• 2003

PEN (Polyethylene 2,6-dicarboxyl naphthalate)은 PET와 화학적 구조가 유사한 polyester 이다. PEN은 PET 의 benzene ring 대신 naphthalene ring이 있는 구조로서 rigid 한 구조를 바탕으로 PET 보다 훨씬 우수한 기계적 물성과 기체 차단성 및 전기 절연성을 가지고 있기 때문에, 현재 PEN에 대해서는 많은 연구가 진행되었고, 상업용으로도 생산되고 있다. 현재까지 진행된 PEN에 대한 연구 중 X-ray를 이용한 배향 거동에 대한 연구보고는 많았으나, 아직까지 FTIR-ATR 을 통해서 시료의 Machine Direction (MD), Transverse Direction (TD), Normal Direction (ND)의 세 방향으로 필름의 3차원적 분자 배향의 거동에 대한 연구보고는 없다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 2015.08a
• /
• pp.100.2-100.2
• /
• 2015

반도체 산업이 성장하고 기술이 향상됨에 따라 소자의 소형화가 이루어지고 있다. 공정법으로는 atomic layer deposition (ALD), chemical vapor deposition (CVD) 등이 있다. 이러한 공정을 이용하여 수십 nm까지 미세화가 진행되고 있으며, 복잡한 구조의 박막을 실현하기 위해 전구체의 개발이 활발히 진행되고 있다. 전구체의 특성을 비실시간으로 분석하는 방법으로는 질량 분석법, 가스크로마토그래피, 적외선 분광법 등이 있다. 전구체의 특성을 실시간으로 분석하기 위해 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)내에 attenuated total reflectance (ATR)를 거치시켰다. 본 연구는 구조를 개선한 ATR-FTIR을 이용하여 Tris-(dimethylamino) Zirconium (CpZr) 전구체의 흡착 거동을 분석하였다. ATR용 crystal은 Ge crystal을 사용했으며, 온도를 각각 30, 40, $50^{\circ}C$에서 CpZr 전구체의 흡착특성을 연구했다. 흡착성을 증가시키기 위해 Ge crystal 표면에 $ZrO_2$나노입자를 분포시켜 흡착특성을 비교 분석하였다. 또한 CpZr 전구체가 흡착된 Ge crystal 표면에 오존가스를 주입시킨 후 변화를 관찰하였다. Ge crystal표면에 나노입자를 분포시켜 CpZr 전구체를 흡착한 결과 나노입자를 분포시키지 않았을 때 보다 흡착강도가 높게 나타났다. 또한 CpZr 전구체가 흡착된 Ge crystal 표면에 오존가스를 주입한 결과 C-H 결합이 분해됨을 확인했다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.25 no.12
• /
• pp.1822-1828
• /
• 2004

Electrochemical, in situ electrochemical scanning tunneling microscope (EC-STM), and attenuated total reflectance-FTIR (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopic methods were employed to investigate the preparation of atomically flat Si(111)-H surface in ammonium fluoride solutions. Electrochemical properties of atomically flat Si(111)-H surface were characterized by anodic oxidation and cathodic hydrogen evolution with the open circuit potential (OCP) of ca. -0.4 V in concentrated ammonium fluoride solutions. As soon as the natural oxide-covered Si(111) electrode was immersed in fluoride solutions, OCP quickly shifted to near -1 V, which was more negative than the flat band potential of silicon surface, indicating that the surface silicon oxide had to be dissolved into the solution. OCP changed to become less negative as the oxide layer was being removed from the silicon surface. In situ EC-STM data showed that the surface was changed from the initial oxidecovered silicon to atomically rough hydrogen-terminated surface and then to atomically flat hydrogenterminated surface as the OCP moved toward less negative potentials. The atomically flat Si(111)-H structure was confirmed by in situ EC-STM and ATR-FTIR data. The dependence of atomically flat Si(111)-H terrace on mis-cut angle was investigated by STM, and the results agreed with those anticipated by calculation. Further, the stability of Si(111)-H was checked by STM in ambient laboratory conditions.