• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.25-39
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• 2017

This research conducted empirical and comparative study following interview concerning the relationship of acceptance attitudes and expected effects of the teleworking between Korean and Canada organizations. Independent variable was acceptance attitude, and the expected effect as dependent variable. Totally, 201 responded questionnaires (Korea : 118, Canada : 83) were analyzed for multiple regression and mean difference between groups. On January 1, 2015, Canada had agreed FTA (free trade agreement) with Korea. Therefore, many organizations can have opportunities for sharing hands in social infrastructures and business area. As a result, the research found out that teleworking can positively improve employee's quality of life, efficiency of works. Moreover, respondents informed us that it may give us national and social cost saving. The BYOD (bring your own device) will be helpful to make employees do more active communication. This comparative research expects that two countries have some insights to cooperate in smart work or teleworking. In addition, several Korean companies can have chances to export IT technologies to Canada market.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.507-521
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• 2021

The livestock farmers are producing under uncertainties such as Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) and Free Trade Agreement (FTA). The purpose of this study is to strengthen the management capabilities of Hanwoo farmers to prepare them for the uncertainties just mentioned. To this end, this study was conducted to find the optimal rearing period in order to reduce the feed cost, which accounts for the largest portion of the operation cost of Hanwoo. Using the universal lattice model, 41,139 of 289,000 Hanwoo slaughter data from 2010 to 2019 were used for the FMD period and 246,605 heads for the general period. The results show that the maximum cutoff price of Hanwoo steer is 6,394,457 won at the 4th week of 27 months of age in general period, where as 6,242,752 won at the 2nd week of 26 months of age in the FMD period. Therefore, it is judged that it will be helpful for Hanwoo farms to maximize their business profits by slaughtering one month and two weeks earlier in the FMD period than in the general period. In addition, Hanwoo farmers need to break away from the conventional rearing method and improve their management efficiency through a more flexible rearing method.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.242-257
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• 2012

Korea's population change trend is the aging and feminization as Reduction in mortality, average life extension. and is further increased Reduction of birth rate and aging population. if Our country concluded FTA(Free Trade Agreement) with the United States, Europe and China etc. labor-intensive industries will be the decline. Then, the construction workers' jobs are continually reduced. This is critical to the nation's economic, social and environmental influences due to Shortage of construction workforce and increasing labor costs. Eventually this is a major factor in reduced construction productivity. Therefore, this study is presented as a construction productivity development prospects on the value-added analysis per Labour productivity employee from Construction market trends, industry-specific productivity index, industry trends Employed, age tiered workforce trends, women's workforce trends, labor time trend, foreign workers, workforce trends, analysis of trends in construction contract, awarded by Company Size trends, construction management analysis index.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.35
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• pp.114-146
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• 2006

Now, Korea-U.S.A Free Trade Agreement talk is underway in Korea. In FTA talks, the issues on audio-visual sector including screen quota, opening of broadcasting and telecommunication to the U.S.A. are becoming a hot potato. Globalization has been speed up by mass media and telecommunications. Cultures are no longer bounded by specific place but, through the migration of persons and the electronic flows of information, ideas and images, transgress established boundaries. So issues and debates have to be focused on global culture and cultural imperialism. Some would argue global culture is the consequences of capitalist world-system, so dominance by the center should be criticized and vanished. Some would say that global culture would help recipient society's people with cultural diversify and improvement. The issues on culture and communication, particularly at international level call for our attention in light of cultural identity, homogenization and diversity. Although I criticize the cultural imperialism thesis, I suggest critical acceptance of cultural imperialism. That is the observation of complexity between internal and external dynamics. The process of cultural imperialism is not simple and unitary. It rather involves the various forces of internal dynamics along with external forces.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.209-214
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that led greenhouse grape farms to delay their heating periods after the coming into force of the Korea-Chile Free Trade Agreement (FTA). Panel data on the cropping (system) changes from 2004 through 2016 were used for the analysis. According to the panel logistic model, the estimated coefficient of the cultivation area was 0.0002, which was statistically significant at the 10% significance level, the estimated coefficient of grape imports was 1.4258, which was statistically significant at the 1% significance level, and the estimated coefficient of the regional dummy was 0.808, which was statistically significant at the 5% significance level. The results indicated that the use of wider cultivation areas, increase in grape imports, and colder climate(in the mid-northern part of Korea) increased the likelihood of delayed heating. The Korean government is offering direct payment programs and business closure support to the greenhouse grape farmers. While these actions can relieve the damage caused by the increase in grape imports, they will not provide the ultimate solution. Various support measures are needed, such as renewing the varieties to meet the changing demand of grape consumers, providing agricultural materials to reduce the heating expenses, and modernizing greenhouse facilities to improve the energy efficiency and reduce the costs.

• Korean Journal of Legislative Studies
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.67-101
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine the significant factors having an effect on voting behavior of legislators in the FTA ratification votes of the 18th and 19th National Assembly. The previous studies show that the ideology and party affiliation of lawmakers are the most important factors influencing voting decisions of legislators. The study investigates whether these factors plays a significant role in voting on the FTA ratification. Statistical results show three important findings. First of all, we expected that the influence of the party variable be the most important factor due to the strong discipline of the Korean party. However, the results show that the constituency-interest variable is the most influential factor in the all analyses. Likewise, the results show that the influence of ideology variables on voting behaviors is very strong even though its impact is different by cases and models. This indicates that in the analysis of the voting behaviors of legislators, it is necessary to examine the effect of ideological variables in depth and in various ways. In addition, the results reasonably suggest that the party variable be consistently important even though its statistical significance is not shown in some models. Because the study analyzes the voting on the free trade agreement(FTA) bill, the results may not be commonly applicable to other voting behavior of legislator. Likewise, there is a limit to discussing the general characteristics of lawmakers based on the analysis on the 5 FTA ratifications. Nevertheless, the finding of the study is very significant. This is because it comprehensively analyzed the factors having an influence on the voting behavior of the legislators on FTA ratifications submitted to the National Assembly steadily since the 16th National Assembly. In addition, the study is very meaningful because it analyzed the ideological variables of the legislators in various perspectives considering that it is not easy in measuring the ideology of the lawmakers.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.17-25
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• 2012

Objectives: This study was conducted to explore the contemporary perception of traditional Korean medical doctors (TKMDs) on traditional Korean medicine (TKM) policies and issues. Methods: A questionnaire that included traditional medicine policy- and treatment-related issues was sent to 130 TKM medical centers and 4,300 TKM local clinical offices in Korea, and received responses from total 648 TKMDs in 122 TKM medical centers and 465 TKM local clinical offices. Results: Of the responding TKMDs, 40% believed that unification of Western and traditional medicines would benefit both modes of medical treatment, 67.6% were against allowing Chinese doctor certification to be effective in Korea through the Korea-China FTA (Free Trade Agreement), and 57.8% believed that the number of TKMDs should be reduced. We also found that 46.1% of TKMDs believed that more lectures on Western medicine would be needed in schools of TKM. Moreover, 87.5% of respondents regarded medical knowledge as necessary for treatment, and 49.4% believed National Certification Commission for Acupuncture and Traditional Medicine (NCCAOM) would be not necessary. TKMDs regarded governmental efforts as more vital than education in schools or individual efforts for enhancement of the traditional medical care market in Korea. To efficiently provide the advantages of complementary CAM, such as cost and safety, detailed research is required when policy is made. Conclusions: The TKM industry must implement policies how the relationship with Western medicine can be better defined under the current dual medical system. On the issue of human resources, more research will be needed on the current policy, which serves to maintain the status quo by blocking the importation of Chinese practitioners and by reducing the number of new practitioners.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.539-555
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• 2008

It is well understood that developing new drugs is one of the highest value-added businesses in a country; however, the current governments' spending in pharmaceutical research and development(R&D) is minimal in Korea. This paper suggests that different governmental bodies should take in charge of different stages of the R&D process in order to maximize the use of limited government research funding. First, during the initial phase of the drug development, including clinical trials, the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology is the most appropriate governmental organization to support the research. For later procedures such as supporting the industries for exporting developed drugs, legislative approvals, and building infrastructure for future clinical trials should be supported by the Ministry of Knowledge and Economy and the Ministry of Health and Welfare along with the Korea Food and Drug Administration(KFDA). The KFDA, which is the main governmental agency approving newly developed drugs in the market, will need to take a crucial responsibility in the initial phase of the pharmaceutical R&D by guiding the industries with timely and proper information. As a first step, it is recommended to set up and operate a center for supporting new drugs, so that the industries can facilitate the development of marketable drugs which meet customers' needs. Later, in order to expedite the process of exporting and getting approvals of the newly developed drugs from foreign countries, it is necessary to develop new approval system, which includes introduction of the Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP), mandatory validation system, and education program for supporting expertise. Lastly, the KFDA needs to take an active role in developing Korean pharmaceutical industries by communicating with other foreign governments with regards to the globalization of the Korean pharmaceutical industries. For example, as a follow up after the Free Trade Agreement(FTA), active discussion on GLP of Mutual Recognition Agreement(MRA) with the United States of America, should be seriously considered.

• Journal of Legislation Research
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• no.44
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• pp.487-538
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• 2013

It is the most critical issue in recent international intellectual property licence disputes to decide the applicable laws to the license contracts. As Korea and the European Union(EU) reached free trade agreement(FTA), and the EU-Korea FTA entered into force on July 1, 2011, the FTA has boosted social, economic, cultural exchanges between the two. As a result of the increased transactions in those sectors, legal disputes are also expected to grow. This situation calls for extensive research and understanding of the choice of law principles applicable to international intellectual property license contracts in the EU. To decide the laws applicable to issues arising from international intellectual property license contracts disputes, the characterization of those issues is necessary for the purpose of applying private international law principles to them. In terms of characterization, intellectual property license contracts fall within contractual matters. In the EU, the primary rule of choice of law principles in contractual obligations is the Rome I Regulation. Because the choice of law rules, such as private international law principles, the Rome Convention(1980), and the Rome I Regulation, differ in the time of application, it is essential to clarify the time factor of related contracts. For example, the Rome I Regulation applies to contracts which were concluded as from December 17, 2009. Although party autonomy in international contracts disputes is generally allowed, if there is no choice of law agreement between the parties to the contracts, the objective test rule of private international law doctrine could be the best option. Following this doctrine, the Rome I Regulation Article 4, Paragraph 1 provides the governing law rules based on the types of contracts, but there is no room for intellectual property license contracts. After all, as the rule for governing law of those contracts, the Rome I Regulation Article 4, Paragraph 2 should be applied and if there are countries which are more closely connected to the contracts under the Rome I Regulation Article 4, Paragraph 3, the laws of those countries become the governing laws of the contracts. Nevertheless, if it is not possible to decide the applicable laws to the license contracts, the Rome I Regulation Article 4, Paragraph 4 should be applied in the last resort and the laws of the countries which are the most closely connected to the contracts govern the license contracts. Therefore, this research on the laws applicable to intellectual property license contracts under the Rome I Regulation suggests more systematic and effective solutions for future disputes in which Korea and the EU countries play the significant role as the connecting factors in the conflict of laws rules. Moreover, it helps to establish comprehensive and theoretical understanding of applying the Korean Private International Law to multifarious choice-of-law cases.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.7-16
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• 2014

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to target Chinese consumers of Korean agri-food through the analysis of agri-food brand identity images to set future directions for proposed agri-food exports to China. Since negotiations began for a free trade agreement (FTA) between Korea and China, some Koreans have worried about the Korean agriculture sector. The world trading system has undergone many changes in recent years. Since the start of FTA negotiations on agriculture, China and Korea have faced a heightened sense of crisis. China is trying to export agricultural products so actively that its agricultural exports could increase by more than 7% annually. China exported about one-tenth of its agricultural products to Korea in the period 2002-2010. Recently, the importance of brand identity has tended to increase, as the world becomes one unified market. In this situation, we should try to promote agri-food exports to China. It is very important to understand consumers' recognition of Korean food and the image of the Korean agri-food industry, to establish an export strategy. Research design, data, and methodology - This study targeted 2,800 adult men and women aged 25-59 years living in four major cities in China (Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Qingdao) with a household income within the top 10% level in the China, using the one-to-one interview survey method. In addition, four groups by region (eight people per group) for a total of 32 groups were surveyed by using the focus group interview (FGI) research method, and impressions of imported agri-food were surveyed using 17 questions about fresh agri-food and 22 questions on processed agri-food. Factor analysis, brand positioning, biplot analysis, and so on, were carried out based on the results of these surveys. This research presents the brand identity of Korean food; according to the analyses, the brand identity is based on trust, safety, and attractiveness. Result - Factor analysis results showed that Chinese consumers expect four major qualities in imported fresh agri-food: freshness/safety, attractive appearance, premium branding, and excellent taste/quality. In the case of processed agri-food, it turned out that Chinese consumers are focused on safety/hygiene/freshness, health, and taste. In addition, in the fresh agri-food analysis by country, American foods had the upper hand; the image of American foods was also recognized as the most positive for processed agri-food. Meanwhile, according to the biplot analysis, Korean agri-food is strongly preferred for its appearance, but no country is strongly preferred as regards the level of freshness/safety that is expected by Chinese consumers. Conclusions - In this study, we analyzed the image of imported agri-food expected by Chinese consumers by reconstructing agri-food characteristics from the brand perspective. The research result shows that a Korean brand identity must be the ultimate goal for activities undertaken to enhance the image of Korean agri-food in the future. Additional research is needed because brand image can be formed through various channels.