• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.57-64
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• 2008

The fsrA gene in Bacillus subtilis has an analogous role of ryhB in E. coli and is controlled under fur, the iron regulator gene. At high concentration of iron the transcription of ryhB is repressed by fur and ryhB is transcribed under low concentration of iron. To spare iron produced ryhB small RNA represses the expression of sdhCDAB (succinate dehydrogenase). This study shows the growth rate of Bacillus subtilis strain of fur and fur/fsrA deletion mutants using organic acids of TCA cycle as carbon source. Mutant strain of fur does not grow well with succinate carbon source, but further deletion of fsrA regain to the growth of wild type strain. Also, nearly same results were observed with citrate and fumarate. These results are consistent to those of E. coli system. But fur and fur/fsrA deletion mutants grow well as much as the growth of wild type with malate carbon source. These results showed that upstream genes of succinate of TCA cycle are repressed by fsrA, but downstream of succinate are not repressed by fsrA.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.157-163
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• 2018

In order for monitoring of pathogenic bacterial contamination in the freshly slaughtered poultry meats produced in Gyeong-Nam province, we first isolated 4 strains of Salmonella spp. and 32 strains of Enterococcus faecalis from the total 164 samples, then we analyzed potential virulence gene profiles of the bacterial isolates by PCR using species-specific primer. The potential virulence genes we selected in this study were stn, invA, fimA, spvR, and spvC for the isolates of Salmonella spp. and those of esp, cylM, cylA, cylB, gelE, fsrA, fsrB, and fsrC were for the isolates of E. faecalis. The PCR results showed that all 5 virulence genes were detected simultaneously in the all isolates of Salmonella spp. However, there was a diverse occurrence pattern of the virulence genes in the case of E. faecalis. The gene for enterococcal surface protein (esp) was not detected among the isolates (0/32), and the haemolysin gene prevalence rate of cylA, cylB, and cylM were 3.1% (1/32), 9.3% (3/32), and 9.3% (3/32), respectively. Moreover, the genes of gelE, fsrA, fsrB, and fsrC that associated with gelatinase activity were detected in the rate of 53.1% (17/32), 53.1% (17/32), 53.1% (17/32), and 53.1% (17/32), respectively. In conclusion, in the isolates of Salmonella spp., all possessed 5 virulence genes tested, suggesting that they are all related with each other clonally. However, in the case of E. faecalis isolates, the occurrence of the haemolysin genes (cylM, cylA, cylB) and the gelatinase genes (gelE, fsrABC) was highly variable among the isolates.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.57-65
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• 1994

This study undertakes a critical survey of literatures on the nest development in agricultural extension system; T&V(Traininig and Visit Extension), FSR&E(Fanning Systems Research and Extension), and FF(Farmer First). The study compares the three extension systems in their establishment, objectives, charactersistics, and methods. to find the minor factors for the betterment of agricultural extension system. Those are; 1) client-oriented program, 2) educational service, 3) comprehensive goal and work, 4) benefit to wide range of customers, 5) democratic program, 6) participatory approach, 7) four based experiment, 8) linkages among participants, 9) specialization of extensionists, 10) autonomy of extension offices, 11) humanstic program.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.109-115
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• 2013

In this paper, we developed pressure mesuring system for powered wheelchair and tried to validate the usefulness of developed system by pressure measuring experiment with 3D motion analysis. This system consist of 64ch seat FSR(Force Sensitive Resistance) sensor unit, 30ch*2 armchair FSR sensor unit, analog and digital hardware board, 2ch rotary encoder unit and realtime signal processing & display S/W. And each data acquired from this system has sampling frequency of 12bit, 10Hz. Pressure measuring experiment for 10 persons who use wheelchair in real life was performed in the 3D vision analysis room. From the experiment, we obtained result that the center line of body inclined to outside direction during powered-wheelchair rotate any direction.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.269-274
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to develop the FSR sensor suit that controls walking assist device for paraplegic patients. The FSR sensor suit was to detect user's intent and patterns for walking by measuring pressure on the palm and the sole of user's foot. It consisted of four modules: sensing pressure from palm, changing modes and detecting pressure on the palm/at the wrist, sensing pressure from the soles of user's foot, and host module that transmit FSR data obtained from sensing modules to PC. Sensing modules were connected to sensing pads which detect analog signals obtained from the palm or the sole of foot. These collect signals from the target regions, convert analog signals into digital signals, and transmit the final signals to host module via zigbee modules. Finally, host modules transmit the signals to host PC via zigbee modules. The study findings showed that forces measured at the palm when using a stick reflected user's intent to walk and forces at the sole of the user's foot revealed signals detecting walking state.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.54-59
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• 2013

Three isolates, E. faecium P1, P2 and P3, from intestinal drugs of three phamaceutical companies, four clinical vancomycin resistant isolates, E. faecium V1, V2, V3 and E. faecalis V4, and three isolates, E. faecalis DW01, DW07 and DW14, from infant feces were tested for the presence of virulence genes, ace, agg, esp, efaA, gelE, sprE, vanA and vanB as well as fsrABC, regulatory genes of gelE and sprE, cylMBA, cytolysin activation genes and cpd, cob and ccf, pheromone genes by PCR and for their phenotype activities such as protease, biofilm formation, cell clumping and hemolysis. The genes encoding cell surface adherence proteins, ace, agg, esp and efaA, were predominantly amplified from the vancomycin resistant strain V4 and the fecal isolates DW01, DW07 and DW14. Both protease and biofilm formation activity were detected only from E. faecalis V4 from which the PCR products of gelE and spreE as well as fsrABC were amplified. The pheromone genes were amplified from the V4, DW01, DW07 and DW14 strains and these strains showed clumping activity. Biofilm formation was observed from the strains DW01, DW07 and DW14, all of which produced PCR products of pheromone, and V4 as well. Whole cytolysin regulator genes were amplified from DW01, DW07 and DW14 and ${\beta}$-hemolysis activity was detected from these strains. Any virulence genes or activities except the pheomone gene ccf were not detected from the pharmaceutical isolates, E. faecium P1, P2 and P3.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.1352-1355
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• 2011

Forty-one Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) isolates from feces of pigs and chickens in Korea were screened for the presence of virulence factors. Gelatinase activity (85.4%, 35/41) was the more commonly observed phenotype of virulence in E. faecalis, compared with hemolytic activity (12.2%, 5/41). Thirty-one of 35 (88.6%) gelatinase-positive E. faecalis isolates harbored the gelE and fsrABC genes. A gene encoding for the enterococcal surface protein (Esp) was detected in 24.4% (10/41) of the isolates. All beta-hemolysin-producing isolates harbored the esp gene.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2009

Recently, the interest on walking assistances in order to assist aged people has increased due to the increase of the aged. However, most walking aid systems have a weakness for a slope because they don't have power. So, they have a weak point which makes users difficult to move when they are weak in the legs. That is why the interest on walking assistances with power has increased. The use of the walking aid systems should be easy because most users are old people. Thus, we produce module to grasp walking intent of users by using various sensors such as potentiometer, FSR(Force Sensing Resistance) Sensor and Stretch Sensor and calculate the response time to the module. Firstly, the response time of handlebar which is a kind of potentiometer is 420ms and Resilience of it is 140ms. Secondly, the response time of handlebar which use FSR Sensor is 320ms and Resilience of it is 220ms. Finally, the response time of the Stretch Sensor is 160ms and Resilience of it is 140ms. The performance of Stretch Sensor is the best among the three kind of sensors.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.839-869
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• 2013

Since opening the domestic food markets after late 1980s, Korean agro-food sector has been changed a lot, including commercialization of livestock and horticulture sectors. The large-scale periodic transactions appeared in food retail market in 1990's demand further commercialization of farm sectors. It require comprehensive on-farm knowledges including production, food processing, marketing, and management for agricultural sector. As the result, The Farming Systems Research & Extension concept has been introduced in 1992 as a form of The Regional Specialization Experiment Station. The Science and Technology Committee for Agriculture, Forestry, Fisheries, and Foods are established in 2009. However, we still find gaps between on-farm knowledge demands and supply, requiring further refining of R&D systems. It also asks to differentiate applied research from basic disciplinary research, better linkages between research and extension on farm, and comprehensive knowledge transfer systems. This study recommends for proper role allocation and cooperative structures for regional research and extension institutions to reduce overlaps among them. It further asks government to support regional research and extension systems including human resource and infrastructure building, to strengthen commodity based on-farm research and extension, and to separate budget allocation for regional research and extension. Provincial administration of the county level extension offices should also be considered for better linkage between research and extension at regional level.

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.18-28
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• 2023

This study introduces a smart wrist band system with pressure measurements using wrist skin curvature variation due to finger motion. It is easy to wear and take off without pre-adaptation or surgery to use. By analyzing the depth variation of wrist skin curvature during each finger motion, we elaborated the most suitable location of each Force Sensitive Resistor (FSR) to be attached in the wristband with anatomical consideration. A 3D depth camera was used to investigate distinctive wrist locations, responsible for the anatomically de-coupled thumb, index, and middle finger, where the variations of wrist skin curvature appear independently. Then sensors within the wristband were attached correspondingly to measure the pressure change of those points and eventually the finger motion. The smart wrist band was validated for its practicality through two demonstrative applications, i.e., one for a real-time control of prosthetic robot hands and the other for natural human-computer interfacing. And hopefully other futuristic human-related applications would be benefited from the proposed smart wrist band system.