• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.447-456
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• 2017

The primary objective of this paper is to study the effectiveness of anchorage on the performance of shear deficient beams externally strengthened with CFRP composites. The overall behavior of the tested beams loaded up to failure, the onset of the cracking, and crack development with increased load and ductility were described. The use of CFRP composites is an effective technique to enhance the shear capacity of RC beams by using CFRP strips anchored into the tension side and from the top by 15-34% based on the investigated variables. Bonded anchorage of CFRP strips with width of 0.1h-0.3h to the beam resulted in a decrease in average interface bond stress and an increase in the effective strain of the FRP sheet at failure, which resulted in a higher shear capacity as compared with that of the U-wrapped beams without anchorage as well as delay or mitigate the sheet debonding from the concrete surface.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.241-260
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• 2023

The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of adding fibers to concrete and the distribution rate of the porosity on the interfacial stresses of the beams strengthened with various types of functionally graded porous (FGP) plate. Toward this goal, the beams strengthened with FGP plate were considered and subjected to uniform loading. Three types of beams are considered namely RC beam, RC beam reinforced with metal fibers (RCFM) and RC beam reinforced with Alfa fibers (RCFA). From an analytical development, shear and normal interfacial stresses along the length of the FGP plates were obtained. The accuracy and validity of the proposed theoretical formula are confirmed by the others theoretical results. The results showed clearly that adding fibers to concrete and the distribution rate of the porosity have significant influence on the interfacial stresses of the beams strengthened with FGP plates. Finally, parametric studies are carried out to demonstrate the effect of the mechanical properties and thickness variations of FGP plate, concrete and adhesive on interface debonding, we can conclude that, This research is helpful for the understanding on mechanical behavior of the interface and design of the FRP-RC hybrid structures.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.17 no.6 s.90
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• pp.983-992
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• 2005

The shear failure modes of fiber reinforced polymer(FRP) strengthened concrete beams are quite different to those of the beams strengthened with steel stirrups. When the beams are strengthened with larger amount of FRP composites, the beams normally fail in shear due to concrete crushing before the FRP reaches its rupture strain. In order to predict the shear strength of such beams, the actual rupture strain must be known. The equations previously reported in the technical literature adopt an effective reduction factor for the rupture strain. These equations may not be applicable to FRP strengthened RC beams that are beyond the experimental application limits, because most of these equations are empirical in nature. This paper presents the results of an analytical study on the performance of reinforced concrete beams externally wrapped with FRP composites and internally reinforced with conventional steel stirrups.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.46-53
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• 2023

In this paper, we evaluated the flexural performance of three types of reinforced concrete beams (SHCC-RB, SHCC-SB, SHCC-FRP) strengthened with ordinary steel rebar, very high strength (super strength) rebar, and FRP bars together with strain-hardening cement composite (SHCC). For this purpose, a series of beam specimens were manufactured and four-point load bending experiments were performed. As a result of the experiment, all specimens strengthened with SHCC exhibited tightly controlled flexural microcrakcs with the crack width of less than 100 ㎛. This is mostly due to the material properties of SHCC showing tensile strain hardening properties with multiple microcracks under uniaxial tension. The specimen SHCC-FRP showed lower initial cracking moment and yield flexural strength than SHCC-RB, whereas the maximum flexural strength of SHCC-FRP was superior to that of SHCC-RC. This is because the tensile strength of FRP bars is higher than that of ordinary steel reabr. The initial cracking moment of the beam specimen SHCC-SB was similar to that of SHCC-RB, but the yield flexural strength and maximum flexural strength of SHCC-SB were evaluated to be the highest.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.249-262
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• 2019

In this study, high strength aluminum alloys (AA) plates are proposed as a new construction material for strengthening reinforced concrete (RC) beams. The purpose of this investigation is to evaluate AA plate's suitability as externally bonded reinforcing (EBR) materials for retrofitting shear deficient beams. A total of twenty RC beams designed to fail in shear were strengthened with different spacing and orientations. The specimens were loaded with four-points loading till failure. The considered outcome parameters included load carrying capacity, deflection, strain in plates, and failure modes. The results of all tested beams showed an increase up to 37% in the load carrying capacity and also an increase in deflection compared to the control un-strengthened beams. This demonstrated the potential of adopting AA plates as EBR material. Finally, the shear contribution from the AA plates was predicted using the models available in the ACI440-08, TR55 and FIB14 design code for fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) plates. The predicted results were compared to experimental testing data with the ratio of the experimentally measured ultimate load to predicted load, range on the average, between 93% and 97%.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.399-414
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• 2015

Nowadays, fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites are widely used for rehabilitation, repair and strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) structures. Also, recent advances in concrete technology have led to the production of high strength concrete, HSC. Such concrete due to its very high compression strength is less ductile; so in seismic areas, ductility is an important factor in design of HSC members (especially FRP strengthened members) under flexure. In this study, the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and multiple regression analysis are used to predict the curvature ductility factor of FRP strengthened reinforced HSC (RHSC) beams. Also, the effects of concrete strength, steel reinforcement ratio and externally reinforcement (FRP) stiffness on the complete moment-curvature behavior and the curvature ductility factor of the FRP strengthened RHSC beams are evaluated using the analytical approach. Results indicate that the predictions of ANFIS and multiple regression models for the curvature ductility factor are accurate to within -0.22% and 1.87% error for practical applications respectively. Finally, the effects of height to wide ratio (h/b) of the cross section on the proposed models are investigated.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.70 no.6
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• pp.703-710
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• 2019

While fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) materials have been largely used in the retrofitting of concrete buildings, its application has been limited because of some problems such as de-bonding of FRP layers from the concrete surface. This paper is the part of a wide experimental and analytical investigation about flexural retrofitting of reinforced concrete (RC) columns using FRP and mechanical fasteners (MF). A new generation of MF is proposed, which is applicable for retrofitting of RC columns. Furthermore, generally, to evaluate a retrofitted structure the nonlinear static and dynamic analyses are the most accurate methods to estimate the performance of a structure. In the nonlinear analysis of a structure, accurate modeling of structural elements is necessary for estimation the reasonable results. So for nonlinear analysis of a structure, modeling parameters for beams, columns, and beam-column joints are essential. According to the concentrated hinge method, which is one of the most popular nonlinear modeling methods, structural members shall be modeled using concentrated or distributed plastic hinge models using modeling parameters. The nonlinear models of members should be capable of representing the inelastic response of the component. On the other hand, in performance based design to make a decision about a structure or design a new one, numerical acceptance should be determined. Modeling parameters and numerical acceptance criteria are different for buildings of different types and for different performance levels. In this paper, a new method was proposed for FRP retrofitted columns to avoid FRP debonding. For this purpose, mechanical fasteners were used to achieve the composite behavior of FRP and concrete columns. The experimental results showed that the use of the new method proposed in this paper increased the flexural strength and lateral load capacity of the columns significantly, and a good composition of FRP and RC column was achieved. Moreover, the modeling parameters and acceptance criteria were presented, which were derived from the experimental study in order to use in nonlinear analysis and performance-based design approach.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.365-372
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• 2004

A new finite element model will be presented to analyze the nonlinear behavior of not only RC beams and slabs, but also RC beams strengthened by a patch repair. The numerical approach is based on the p-version degenerate shell element including theory of anisotropic laminated composites, theory of materially and geometrically nonlinear plates. In the nonlinear formulation of this model, the total Lagrangian formulation is adopted with large deflections and moderate rotations being accounted for in the sense of von Karman hypothesis. The material model is based on hardening rule, crushing condition, plate-end debonding strength model and so on. The Gauss-Lobatto numerical quadrature is applied to calculate the stresses at the nodal points instead of Gauss points. The validity of the proposed p-version finite element model is demonstrated through several numerical examples for the load-deflection curves, the ultimate loads, and the failure modes of reinforced connote slabs and RC beams bonded with steel plates or FRP plates compared with available experimental and numerical results.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.131-141
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• 2021

This paper aims at investigating the capability of different FRP/concrete interface models to predict the effect of carbon nanotubes on the flexural behavior of RC beams strengthened with CFRP. Three different interfacial bond models are proposed to simulate the adhesion between CFRP composites and concrete, namely: full bond, nonlinear spring element, and cohesive zone model. 3D Nonlinear finite element model is developed then validated using experimental work conducted by the authors in a previous investigation. Cohesive zone model (CZM) has the best agreement with the experimental results in terms of load-deflection response. CZM is the only bond model that accurately predicted the cracks patterns and failure mode of the strengthened RC beams. The FE model is then expanded to predict the effect of bond strength on the flexural capacity of RC beams strengthened with externally bonded CNTs modified CFRP composites using CZM bond model. The results reveal that the flexural capacity of the strengthened beams increases with increasing the bond strength value. However, only 23% and 22% of the CFRP stress and strain capacity; in the case of full bond; can be utilized before failure.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.133-145
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• 2022

Steel fiber composite bar (SFCB) is a novel type of reinforcement, which has good ductility and durability performance. Due to the unique pseudo strain hardening tensile behavior of SFCB, different flexural behavior is expected of SFCB reinforced concrete (SFCB-RC) beams from traditional steel bar reinforced concrete (S-RC) beams and FRP bar reinforced concrete (F-RC) beams. To investigate the flexural behavior of SFCB-RC beam, four points bending tests were carried out and different flexural behaviors between S/F/SFCB-RC beams were discussed. An flexural analytical model of SFCB-RC beams is proposed and proved by the current and existing experimental results. Based on the proposed model, the influence of the fiber volume ratio R of the SFCB on the flexural behavior of SFCB-RC beams is discussed. The results show that the proposed model is effective for all S/F/SFCB-RC flexural members. Fiber volume ratio R is a key parameter affecting the flexural behavior of SFCB-RC. By controlling the fiber volume ratio of SFCB reinforcements, the flexural behavior of the SFCB-RC flexural members such as bearing capacity, bending stiffness, ductility and repairability of SFCB-RC structures can be designed.