• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.41-52
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• 2018

Background: Few studies have evaluated the long-term impact of postoperative infectious complications in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We aimed to determine the impact of infectious complications on long-term outcomes after surgical resection for NSCLC. Methods: We performed a retrospective study of 1,380 eligible patients who underwent pulmonary resection for NSCLC from 2003 to 2012. Complications were divided into infectious complications and non-infectious complications. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to compare unadjusted 5-year cancer-specific survival (CSS) rates and recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates. Cox regression was used to determine the impact of infectious complications on 5-year CSS and RFS. Results: The rate of total complications and infectious complications was 24.3% and 4.3%, respectively. In the node-negative subgroup, the 5-year CSS and RFS rates were 75.9% and 57.1% in patients who had infectious complications, compared to 87.9% and 78.4% in patients who had no complications. Infectious complications were a negative prognostic factor for 5-year RFS (hazard ratio, 1.92; 95% confidence interval, 1.00-3.69; p=0.049). In the node-positive subgroup, the 5-year CSS rate and RFS were 44.6% and 48.4% in patients who had infectious complications, compared to 70.5% and 48.4% for patients who had no complications. Conclusion: Postoperative infectious complications had a negative impact on CSS and RFS in node-negative NSCLC. Our findings may help improve risk assessment for tumor recurrence after pulmonary resection for node-negative NSCLC.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.39C no.8
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• pp.660-666
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• 2014

In this paper, we consider a classification criteria of sensor nodes based on equipment function, and propose a routing search algorithm between node when an IP-USN is applied inside a ship. whereas a tree-type routing algorithm is applied to the limited mobile enviroment, such as engine room or machine room, a mesh-type routing alogrithm is to free mobile enviroment, such as passager corridor liviing quarters or restanrats areas. For mesh-type routing, it is necessary to maintain a seamless route path between a sink node and sensor nodes for which we consider a novel message exchange periodically. We proposed a new message, RDES message, which is issued periodically to update the topology of sensor node and check a connectivity between nodes.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.161-166
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• 2007

In vitro shoot regeneration and multiple shoot induction has been obtained from the stolen node explants in Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro) Hack. The highest number of shoots ($10.66{\pm}0.21$) was observed from initial explants after one month culture duration on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 6-benzyladenine (BA: 0.5 mg/l). First generation shoot was excised and sub-cultured on the same fresh media for further multiplication of shoots. An enhanced number of second round shoots ($15.33{\pm}0.21$) was obtained compared to the initial culture media containing BA (0.5 mg/l). The number of shoots/stolon node was higher among all the concentrations of BA than kinetin (KN). In vitro regenerated shoots were successfully rooted in the phytohormone free MS medium. Plantlets generated with roots were transferred to pots containing compound mixture of soil and kept in green house conditions. Acclimatized plants showed 100% survival rate with normal morphology in green house conditions. The present study demonstrates the effect of explant and different plant growth regulators towards in vitro response in E. ophiuroides. Moreover, the study reveals the effect of cytokinin on induction of shoot number per stolen node explant in E. ophiuroides.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.113-125
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• 1985

Electrophysiological difference of the central and peripheral area of the sinoatrial node in the rabbit was studied by glass microelectrode technique. Effects of $K^+,\;Na^+,\;Cs^+,$ adrenaline and ouabain on the action potential of the two areas were investigated, and transient hyperpolarization ($K^+-induced$ hyperpolarization) which developed following readmission of potassium after having pre-treated with $K^+-free$ Tyrode solution for 10 minutes was analyzed. The results obtained were as follows ; 1) The frequency of the spontaneous action potential recorded in the periphery of the SA node was faster than the central area. Reduction by $Cs^+$ and increase by O mM $K^+$, $10^{-6}M$ adrenaline and $10^{-6}M$ ouabain in the frequency of action potential were noticed more prominently in the peripheral than the central area. On the contrary, the frequency in the central area was more decreased than the Peripheral area by 13 mH $K^+$ and 1 mM $Co^{2+}$. 2) The amplitude of the K+_induced hyperpolarization was very small in the central area but large in the peripheral area. Transient hyperpolarization was abolished by ouabain and low sodium, and decreased by cooling the tissue $(17^{\circ}C)$. 3) By changing the concentration of $Ca^{2+}$ in the perfusate, the amplitude and the rate of transient hyperpolarization were increased in the high $Ca^{2+}$ concentration. It could be concluded that the central area of the SA node is less susceptible to the inhibition of Na-Pump and more susceptible to Ca-blocker and high concentration of $K^+$. The Na-Pump activity of the central area measured by means of transient hyperpolarization is found to be much less active than that of the peripheral area.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.471-476
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• 2015

In this paper, we propose an energy efficient hybrid MAC protocol for multi-hop wireless sensor networks. The proposed MAC protocol used a hybrid mechanism, in which contention-based MAC protocol and contention free MAC protocol are combined. The sensor nodes located far from the sink node usually send few data packet since they try to send measured data by themselves. So contention-based MAC protocol is useful among them. But other nodes located near sink node usually have lots of data packets since they plays as a relay node. Contention-based MAC protocol among them is not suitable. Using contention-based MAC protocol in heavy data traffic environment, packet collisions and transmission delay may increase. In this paper, slot assignment between sender nodes by sink node is used. The proposed mechanism is efficient in energy and latency. Results showed that our MAC protocol outperformed other protocol in terms of data packet delivery delay and energy consumption.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.42-48
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• 2020

Background Methods for identifying local lymph node metastasis in malignant melanoma include sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) and lymph node dissection (LND). In particular, SLNB has been widely used in recent years. This study aimed to retrospectively confirm the adequacy of the current indication criteria for SLNB by applying those criteria to a mixed group of patients who previously received SLNB and LND. Methods This study included 77 patients with malignant melanoma of the extremities and trunk who were monitored for >24 months. The patients were classified according to whether the current indication criteria for SLNB were applicable. The sentinel lymph nodes were evaluated for each group. Patients for whom the indication criteria for SLNB and LND were applicable were analyzed according to whether SLNB or LND was performed. Finally, the outpatient records of these patients were reviewed to evaluate recurrence, metastasis, and prognosis. Results Of the 77 patients, SLNB was indicated according to the current criteria in 60 cases. Among the 60 patients for whom SLNB was indicated, 35 survived the follow-up period disease-free, 21 died during the follow-up period, and four experienced metastasis. The 17 patients for whom SLNB was not indicated had no recurrence or metastasis. Conclusions Patients for whom SLNB was not indicated had no recurrence or metastasis. In cases where SLNB is indicated, the possibility of metastasis and recurrence may be high even if SLNB is negative or LND is performed, so more aggressive treatment and careful follow-up are crucial.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.348-355
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• 2003

Background: The prognostic significance of lymph node micrometastasis in non-small cell lung cancer remains controversial. We therefore investigated the clinicopathologic factors related to lymph node micrometastsis and evaluated the clinical relevance of micrometastasis with regard to recurrence. Material and Method: Five hundred six lymph nodes were obtained from 41 patients with stage 1 non-small ceil lung cancer who underwent curative resection between 1994 and 1998. Immunohistochemical staining using anti-cytokeratin Ab was used to detect micrometastasis in these lymph nodes. Result: Micrometastatic tumor cells were identified in pN0 lymph nodes in 14 (34.1%) of 41 patients. The presence of lymph node micrometastasis was not related to any clinicopathoiogic factor (p) 0.05). The recurrence rate was higher in patients with micrometastasis (57.1%) than in those without (37.0%), but the difference was not significant (p=0.22). Patients with micrometastasis had a lower 5-year recurrence-free survival rate (48.2%) than those without micrometastasis (64.1%), with a borderline significance (p=0.11), The S-year recurrence-free survival rate (25.0%) in the patients with 2 or more micrometastatic lymph nodes was significantly lower than that in the patients with no or single micrometastasis (p=0.02). In multivariate analysis, multiple lymph node micromestasis us was a significant independent predictor of recurrence (p=0.028, Risk ratio=3.568). Conclusion: Immunehistochemical anti-cytokeratin staining was a rapid, sensitive, and easy way of detecting lymph node micrometastasis. The presence of lymph node micrometastasis was not significantly associated with the recurrence, but had a tendency toward a poor prognosis in stage 1 non-small cell lung cancer. Especially, the presence of multiple micrometastatic lymph nodes was a significant and independent predictor of recurrence.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.1083-1087
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• 2009

We present an 1-dimensional annular disk element with which natural vibration of a circular plate can be analyzed accurately and facilely. The natural vibration characteristics of a circular plate with free outer boundary are analyzed by using the presented I-dimensional element. Its results are compared with the results obtained by utilizing 2-dimensional 8-node quadrilateral plane element and cyclic symmetry of the circular plate. And also, by comparing with the theoretical results of previous researchers, the accuracy and facility of the presented I-dimensional element are verified.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.193-199
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• 1995

Two kinds of special 3-dimensional 12-node finite elements-each one contains a traction-free planar surface-have been developed based on Hellinger-Reissner principle by assumed stress hybrid method. Example solutions have demonstrated the advantage of using these special elements for analyzing plates and solids with rectangular holes.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.66 no.5
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• pp.665-676
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• 2018

In this study, a four-node quadrilateral partial mixed plate element with low degrees of freedom (dofs) is developed for static and free vibration analysis of functionally graded material (FGM) plates rested on Winkler-Pasternak elastic foundations. The formulation of the presented finite element model is based on a parametrized mixed variational principle which is developed recently by the first author. The presented finite element model considers the effects of shear deformations and normal flexibility of the FGM plates without using any shear correction factor. It also fulfills the boundary conditions of the transverse shear and normal stresses on the top and bottom surfaces of the plate. Beside these capabilities, the number of unknown field variables of the plate is only six. The presented partial mixed finite element model has been validated through comparison with the results of the three-dimensional (3D) theory of elasticity and the results obtained from the classical and high-order plate theories available in the open literature.