• Title/Summary/Keyword: FRA

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Culinary Cinnamon and Clove Powder Ameliorate Fatty Liver Formation Induced by Ethanol Supplementation in Zebrafish

  • Lee, Ji-Hye;Jun, Seung-Hyeon;Cho, Kyung-Hyun
    • Biomedical Science Letters
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.33-38
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    • 2010
  • Culinary herbs and spices have received much attention since they contain high concentrations of bioactive ingredients for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Protection effect of the herb and spice against acute alcohol consumption has been investigated using zebrafish as a vertebrate model. During 30 days bathed in water containing 1% Et-OH and the designated herb or spice, the survival rate of the Et-OH group was decreased sharply (up to 20% at 10 days). The cinnamon-fed group showed the highest and longer survival rate up to 80% up to for 30 days under the presence of Et-OH, while clove-fed group showed 40% survival rate for 25 days. Et-OH group serum exhibited the weakest antioxidant ability from ferric ion removal ability (FRA) assay; FRA ability was increased in the cinnamon-fed group up to 414%, while the clove and laurel group increased 256% and 309%, respectively. Histologic observation and Oil-red O staining showed hepatic tissue damage was severe in the Et-OH group. The cinnamon- or clove-fed group showed much ameliorated hepatic tissue morphology with minimized steatosis. The cinnamon- or clove-fed group showed lower serum GOT and GPT levels than the Et-OH group. Among hepatic tissue extract, the clove-fed group exhibited the lowest level of GOT and GPT. These results suggest that consumption of cinnamon and clove might be beneficial to attenuate progress of acute fatty liver change by alcohol consumption.

Chongmyungtang Attenuates Kainic Acid-induced Seizure and Mortal Effect in the Mouse

  • Jang, Kyung-Jin;Lee, Kyou-Heung;Kim, Sang-Lin;Park, Dong-Young;Park, Beom-Kyu;Im, Doo-Hyung;Cho, Yong-Joon;Jhoo, Wang-Kee;Kim, Hyoung-Chun
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
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    • v.20 no.4
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    • pp.375-378
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    • 1997
  • The Chongmyungtang (CMT; the combination of Acorus gramineus, polygala tenuifolia and Poria cocos) has been recognized to possess the preventive effect against several neurologic disorders in human. In this study, we examined the effect of CMT on the three parameters associated with kainic acid (KA)-induced neurotoxicities; seizure/mortality, increased fos-related antigen (FRA) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression. KA induced vigorous convulsions lasting 4-6 hr. Pretreatments with CMT before KA injection significantly reduced the seizure intensity as well as the mortality. CMT pretreatments also attenuated the KA-induced increase in FRA/GFAP expression in the hippocampus. These results suggest that CMT has a neuroprotective effect against KA-induced neurotoxicities.

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Ultra-broadband Optical Amplifier for WDM Optical Transmission Networks (파장분할다중 방식 광전송망을 위한 초광대역 광증폭기)

  • Lee, Young-Sun;Jung, Jae-Jin
    • The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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    • v.3 no.4
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    • pp.289-294
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    • 2008
  • Affordable traffic capacity of each node in networks is expected to reach in Tb/s range in proportion to the rapid growth of Internet users. To transmit more than Tb/s per fiber pair, WDM should be used as well as existing TDM. To increase the capacity of transmission in WDM networks, there are two ways, increasing channel speed or channel quantity. To increase the channel quantity, there are two ways, narrow spacing or expanding transmission bandwidth. To expand bandwidth, ultra-broadband optical amplifier technology is necessary. In this paper, we introduce EDFA in effect at C/L band, FRA, and some optical amplifiers in effect at S band, and analyze the development trend of various amplification technologies.

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Optimum Design of Suspension Characteristics for Light Rail Vehicle (관절형 경량전철의 현가특성 최적설계)

  • Heo, Sin;Ha, Seong-Do
    • 연구논문집
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    • s.27
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    • pp.35-45
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    • 1997
  • The dynamic design process for the articulated bogie of light rail vehicle(LRV) was studied to design a primary and secondary suspension elements. Suspension stiffness and damping is selected on the basis of the ride quality and suspension stroke trade-off. LRV was modeled as a 2 d.o.f linear system for the design of vertical suspension characteristics and a 4 d.o.f linear system for the design of lateral suspension characteristics. FRA's class-4-track irregularity was used for the exciting disturbance on track. The optimum value of primary and secondary suspension characteristics was determined using this design process.

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Development of a Numerical Analysis Method of Train/Track Interaction for Evaluation of Dynamic Track Design Load (궤도 설계 동하중 산정을 위한 차량/궤도 상호작용 해석기법 개발)

  • 양신추
    • Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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    • 2002.10b
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    • pp.1094-1099
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    • 2002
  • In this paper, a numerical method for vehicle-track interaction analysis is developed to evaluate vertical dynamic force subjected to rail surface. A vehicle is modelled by lumped masses system and track by multi layered continuous beam system. The equation of motion of vehicle and track interaction system is derived by considering compatibility condition at the contact points between wheel and rail. The input vibration source is given by the empirical formula of power spectral density of track irregularity, which is suggested by FRA. Using this method, dynamic impact factors with the train speed are evaluated.

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Preparation and Electrochemical Behaviors of Polymer Electrolyte Based on PEO/PMMA Containing Li Ion (Li 이온 포함하는 PEO/PMMA 고분자 전해질의 제조 및 전기화학적 거동)

  • Han, A-Reum;Park, Soo-Jin;Shin, Jae-Sup;Kim, Seok
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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    • v.47 no.4
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    • pp.476-480
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    • 2009
  • A polymer composite electrolyte of a blend of poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) as a host polymer, the ethylene carbonate as a solvent, and $LiClO_4$ as a salt was studied. The crystallinity of the polymer electrolytes was evaluated using differential scanning calorimeter(DSC). The ionic conductivity of the polymer electrolytes was measured by frequency response analyzer(FRA) method. The effect of PEO/PMMA blend ratios on the ionic conduction in these electrolytes was investigated. The electrolyte films showed a phase separation due to immiscibility of the PMMA with the PEO. The PMMA-rich phase and the PEO-rich phase were produced during a film casting. The ionic conductivity of blend electrolyte was dependent on the content of PMMA and showed the highest value at 20 wt.%. However, when PMMA content exceeds 20 wt.%, the ionic conductivity was decreased due to the slow ionic transport through the PMMA-rich phase.

Isolation and Identification of Antimicrobial Compound from Mokdan Bark (Paeonia suffruticosa ANDR) (목단피로부터 식품부패 미생물에 대한 항균성 물질의 분리 및 동정)

  • 황재선;한영실
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.32 no.7
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    • pp.1059-1065
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    • 2003
  • Antimicrobial activity of Mokdan bark (Paeonia suffruticosa $A_{NDR}$) was investigated. Methanol extract of dried Mokdan was fractionated to hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, butanol and aqueous fraction. Ethylacetate fraction among these fractions showed the highest inhibitory effect on the microorganisms such as L. monocytogenes, and E. coli at 500 $\mu\textrm{g}$/disc. Ethylacetate fraction was further fractionated into 3 fractions by silica gel column and thin layer chromatography (TLC). The results showed that ethylacetate fractions No. 1 and 2 had the highest antimicrobial activity. They were mixed again, reseparated, and 3 fractions were obtained. Among them, No. 1 had the highest inhibitory effect on the microorganisms, No. 1 fraction was identified as isobutyl isopentanoate by HPLC, and GC-MS.

Vibration Isolation of Wave Barriers Constructed Near a Shallow Tunnel (저심도 터널과 인접한 방진벽의 지반진동 저감효과)

  • Yang, Sin-Chu
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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    • v.18 no.6
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    • pp.567-577
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    • 2015
  • This paper presents an assessment method of the ground vibration level with a combination of measured data and an analytic method. The basic concept of the method is similar to that in FRA(Federal Railway Administration) manual for detailed vibration analyses. However, going into detail, the assessment method was modified for a feasible evaluation of the vibration reduction effects of diverse types of wave barriers. The force density was evaluated in a vehicle-track interaction analysis and the transfer mobility of vibration was analyzed through a 2-D ground vibration analysis. The calculated 2-D transfer mobility was corrected to incorporate transfer characteristics of actual ground vibration by comparing the previously measured data and analysis results. Nine types of vibration reduction effects of wave barriers were analyzed on a shallow tunnel section of an urban railway where numerous civil complaints had actually been filed.

Characterization of facial asymmetry phenotypes in adult patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion using three-dimensional computed tomography and cluster analysis

  • Ha, Sang-Woon;Kim, Su-Jung;Choi, Jin-Young;Baek, Seung-Hak
    • The korean journal of orthodontics
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    • v.52 no.2
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    • pp.85-101
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    • 2022
  • Objective: To classify facial asymmetry (FA) phenotypes in adult patients with skeletal Class III (C-III) malocclusion. Methods: A total of 120 C-III patients who underwent orthognathic surgery (OGS) and whose three-dimensional computed tomography images were taken one month prior to OGS were evaluated. Thirty hard tissue landmarks were identified. After measurement of 22 variables, including cant (°, mm), shift (mm), and yaw (°) of the maxilla, maxillary dentition (Max-dent), mandibular dentition, mandible, and mandibular border (Man-border) and differences in the frontal ramus angle (FRA, °) and ramus height (RH, mm), K-means cluster analysis was conducted using three variables (cant in the Max-dent [mm] and shift [mm] and yaw [°] in the Manborder). Statistical analyses were conducted to characterize the differences in the FA variables among the clusters. Results: The FA phenotypes were classified into five types: 1) non-asymmetry type (35.8%); 2) maxillary-cant type (14.2%; severe cant of the Max-dent, mild shift of the Man-border); 3) mandibular-shift and yaw type (16.7%; moderate shift and yaw of the Man-border, mild RH-difference); 4) complex type (9.2%; severe cant of the Max-dent, moderate cant, severe shift, and severe yaw of the Man-border, moderate differences in FRA and RH); and 5) maxillary reverse-cant type (24.2%; reverse-cant of the Max-dent). Strategic decompensation by pre-surgical orthodontic treatment and considerations for OGS planning were proposed according to the FA phenotypes. Conclusions: This FA phenotype classification may be an effective tool for differential diagnosis and surgical planning for Class III patients with FA.

L'identità e l'ibridità oltre il confine della Mitteleuropa danubiana in Danubio di Claudio Magris (클라우디오 마그리스의 『다뉴브강』에 나타난 다뉴브강 중부유럽의 탈경계적인 정체성과 혼종성)

  • Lee, Seung Su
    • Lettere Italiane
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    • no.36
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    • pp.73-97
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    • 2012
  • Danubio è un 'diario di viaggio' dalle sorgenti del fiume fino al Mare Nero, attraverso città importantissime o paesi, ampi paesaggi, popoli, costumi, letterature e lingue diverse. Un itinerario fra romanzo e saggio che racconta la cultura come esperienza esistenziale e ricostruisce a mosaico le civiltà di Mitteleuropa rintracciandone il profilo nei segni della grande storia e nelle effimere tracce della vita quotidiana. L'idea di Mitteleuropa nasce a meta dell'Ottocento per indicare un spazio politico e soprattutto economico egemonizzato dai tedeschi e dagli ungheresi, che piu tardi diventa il simbolo di programmi nazionalisti tedeschi e che poi diventa una dimensione sovranazionale, qualcoca di comune e sottostante a tutte le diverse nazionalità e culture di tante realtà diverse. La Mitteleuropa 'hinternazionale', oggi idealizzata quale armonia di popoli diversi, è stata una realtà dell'impero absburgico, nella sua ultima stagione, una tolleranzte convivenza comprensibiilmente rimpianta dopo la sua fine, anche per il confronto con la barbarie totalitaria che le è succeduta, fra le due guerre mondiali, nello spazio danubiano. L'arte absburgica di governo non vuole imporre una rigida unità ai vari popoli, bensi lasciarli sussistere e convivere nella loro eterogeneità. Secondo Claudio Magris, il Danubio è il simbolo della frontiera, perché il Danubio è un fiume che passa attraverso tante frontiere, è quindi simbolo della necessità e della difficoltà di attraversare frontiere, non soltanto nazionali, politiche, sociali, ma anche psicologiche, culturali, religiose. La nostra identità è sempre fragile e noi dobbiamo accettare questa fragilità, poiché mutiamo nel tempo. L'identità fatta di mescolanze, di sottrazioni e di elisioni non fosse soltanto il destino degli epigoni danubiani, bensì una condizione storica generale, l'esistenza di ogni individuo. Magris dice che siccome nessun popolo, nessuna cultra come nessun individuo sono privi di colpe storiche, rendersi impietosamente conto dei difetti e delle oscurità di tutti, e di se stessi, può essere una proficua premessa di convivenza civile e tollerante. Magris dice che la letteratura è di perse stessa una frontiera, una soglia, una zona sul limitare e insegna a varcare i limiti, ma consiste nel tracciare dei limiti, senza i quali non puo esistere e nemmeno la tensione a superarli per raggiungere qualcosa di piu alto e di piú umano.