• 한국농림기상학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농림기상학회 2011년도 학술발표회
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• pp.35-35
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• 2011

• 한국농림기상학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농림기상학회 2011년도 학술발표회
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• pp.36-36
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• 2011

• 환경영향평가
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.114-123
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• 2018

생물다양성을 보전하기 위하여 생물의 서식처가 되는 주요 지역을 생태계 보호지역으로 지정하여 관리하고 있다. 보호지역의 생물다양성의 보존 및 확보 전략 수립에 타당성을 부여하기 위해서 보호지역간 생물다양성을 상대적으로 평가할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 산림생태계에 해당하는 보호지역의 생물다양성을 객관적으로 비교할 수 있는 평가지표를 선정하였고, 이를 지리산 국립공원과 북한산 국립공원의 생물다양성 비교에 적용하였다. 평가지표를 선정하기 위해서 문헌 조사를 실시하였다. 언급된 빈도가 높은 지표들과 산림 생물다양성에서 중요한 역할을 하는 산림구조를 평가지표로 선정하였다. 이를 통해 선정된 평가지표는 총 7개로 종다양도, 종풍부도, 균등도, 희귀성, 교란종, 고유생물자원 및 산림구조이다. 지리산 국립공원과 북한산 국립공원에서 종다양도는 3.492와 2.943, 종풍부도는 8.998과 9.793, 균등도는 0.849와 0.680, 희귀성지수는 11.976과 10.783, 교란종지수는 0.214과 0.357으로 나타났다. 두 국립공원 모두에서 고유생물자원은 풍부하게 나타났다. 산림구조는 다양한 임상을 보이고 안정적인 4층 구조를 이루고 있으며 수관울폐도는 지리산 국립공원에서 더 높게 나타났다. 대부분의 평가지표에서 지리산 국립공원의 생물다양성이 북한산 국립공원보다 높은 것으로 평가되었다.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.145-156
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• 2005

파편화와 같은 인위적 교란은 산림생태계의 지속성에 영향을 미치므로, 산림의 양적인 분포뿐만 아니라 구조적인 패턴을 분석하는 것은 산림생태계를 관리하는 기본적인 과정이라 할 수 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 산림생태계의 건전성 평가 및 관리계획 수립을 위한 기초정보를 제공하기 위해 경관지수와 GIS 기법을 활용하여 낙동강 유역에 분포하는 산림구조를 정량적으로 분석하였다. 분석에 필요한 공간정보는 환경부에서 발행한 토지피복분류도를 이용하여 구축하였으며, 경관지수 상호간 정보의 중복을 배제하기 위하여 Pearson 상관분석을 통해 6개의 지수(LPI, PD, ED, MSI, CPLAND, IJI)를 선정하였다. 경관지수를 이용한 산림경관의 구조적 패턴을 분석한 결과, 낙동강 본류에 분포하는 유역들에서 파편화 정도가 다른 유역에 비해 상대적으로 높게 나타났다. 특히 낙동상주 유역과 낙동밀양 유역은 산림의 양적인 측면뿐만 아니라 구조적으로도 불안정한 상황을 보이는 것으로 나타났는데, 이들 유역에 대해서는 지역의 환경조건에 부합하는 산림복원 등의 생태적 관리를 위해 현장검증 및 영향인자에 대한 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제96권5호
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• pp.591-601
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• 2007

Spatial information on forest biomass is an important factor to evaluate the capability of forest as a carbon sequestrator and is a core independent variable required to drive models which describe ecological processes such as carbon budget, hydrological budget, and energy flow. The objective of this study is to understand the relationship between satellite image and field data, and to quantitatively estimate and map the spatial distribution of forest biomass. Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+) derived vegetation indices and field survey data were applied to estimate the biomass distribution of mountainous forest located in Gwangneung Experimental Forest (230 ha). Field survey data collected from the ground plots were used as the dependent variable, forest biomass, while satellite image reflectance data (Band 1~5 and Band 7), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), and RVI (Ratio Vegetation Index) were used as the independent variables. The mean and total biomass of Gwangneung catchment area were estimated to be about 229.5 ton/ha and $52.8{\times}10^3$ tons respectively. Regression analysis revealed significant relationships between the measured biomass and Landsat derived variables in both of deciduous forest ($R^2=0.76$, P < 0.05) and coniferous forest ($R^2=0.75$, P < 0.05). However, there still exist many uncertainties in the estimation of forest ecosystem parameters based on vegetation remote sensing. Developing remote sensing techniques with adequate filed survey data over a long period are expected to increase the estimation accuracy of spatial information of the forest ecosystem.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.228-240
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• 2023

Growing complexity in ecosystem structure and functions, under impacts of climate and land-use changes, requires interdisciplinary understandings of processes and the whole-system, and accurate estimates of the changing functions. In the last three decades, observation networks for biodiversity, ecosystems, and ecosystem functions under climate change, have been developed by interested scientists, research institutions and universities. In this paper we will review (1) the development and on-going activities of those observation networks, (2) some outcomes from forest carbon cycle studies at our super-site "Takayama site" in Japan, and (3) a few ideas how we connect in-situ and satellite observations as well as fill observation gaps in the Asia-Oceania region. There have been many intensive research and networking efforts to promote investigations for ecosystem change and functions (e.g., Long-Term Ecological Research Network), measurements of greenhouse gas, heat, and water fluxes (flux network), and biodiversity from genetic to ecosystem level (Biodiversity Observation Network). Combining those in-situ field research data with modeling analysis and satellite remote sensing allows the research communities to up-scale spatially from local to global, and temporally from the past to future. These observation networks oftern use different methodologies and target different scientific disciplines. However growing needs for comprehensive observations to understand the response of biodiversity and ecosystem functions to climate and societal changes at local, national, regional, and global scales are providing opportunities and expectations to network these networks. Among the challenges to produce and share integrated knowledge on climate, ecosystem functions and biodiversity, filling scale-gaps in space and time among the phenomena is crucial. To showcase such efforts, interdisciplinary research at 'Takayama super-site' was reviewed by focusing on studies on forest carbon cycle and phenology. A key approach to respond to multidisciplinary questions is to integrate in-situ field research, ecosystem modeling, and satellite remote sensing by developing cross-scale methodologies at long-term observation field sites called "super-sites". The research approach at 'Takayama site' in Japan showcases this response to the needs of multidisciplinary questions and further development of terrestrial ecosystem research to address environmental change issues from local to national, regional and global scales.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.79-96
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• 2005

This study is to suggest the technique of ecological park to compatible mountain ecosystem near the urban in Woomyeonsan Urban Nature Park. It was proposed to differential technique from established ecological park focused on changing the cognition of nature, wetland ecosystem protection and restoration, and studying by served sound leisure program(nature observation and experience, etc.), in compatible mountain and urban forest near the Urban. Firstly, to achieve this aim, it was carried out delicated research and analysis that were the angle of inclination, trail, fauna, actual vegetation, bird and insect, and then to selected nature trail course and analysis capability through it.. In the basic concept and plan, firstly to make park aid mark and foundation mark, and then to establish the detail programs, nature observation program, management and organization program. This site where valley and mountain coexist was highly capable but whole site was very steep, so usable area is very narrow. To make Woomyeonsan nature ecological park escape from the established wetland type, ecological park and the park of event have to use nature material and introduce visitor. To establish it as the Nature Culture observation park and reflect on forest, valley of Woomyeonsan was divided into three display places; Nature ecosystem Zone, Meditation Zone, Nature Culture experience Zone and Nature Culture observation Center. For satisfying with ecological park aid mark and foundation mark, it was proposed to settle management plan for volunteer control and organization composition.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.111-122
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• 2014

The provided habitat of many services from natural capital is important. But because most ecosystem services tools qualitatively evaluated biodiversity or habitat quality, this study quantitatively analyzed those aspects using the species distribution model (MaxEnt). This study used location point data of the goat(Naemorhedus caudatus), marten(Martes flavigula), leopard cat(Prionailurus bengalensis), flying squirrel(Pteromys volans aluco) and otter(Lutra lutra) from the 3rd National Ecosystem Survey. Input data utilized DEM, landcover classification maps, Forest-types map and digital topographic maps. This study generated the MaxEnt model, randomly setting 70% of the presences as training data, with the remaining 30% used as test data, and ran five cross-validated replicates for each model. The threshold indicating maximum training sensitivity plus specificity was considered as a more robust approach, so this study used it to conduct the distribution into presence(1)-absence(0) predictions and totalled up a value of 5 times for uncertainty reduction. The test data's ROC curve of endangered mammals was as follows: growing down goat(0.896), otter(0.857), flying squirrel(0.738), marten(0.725), and leopard cat(0.629). This study was divided into two groups based on habitat: the first group consisted of the goat, marten, leopard cat and flying squirrel in the forest; and the second group consisted of the otter in the river. More than 60 percent of endangered mammals' distribution probability were 56.9% in the forest and 12.7% in the river. A future study is needed to conduct other species' distribution modeling exclusive of mammals and to develop a collection method of field survey data.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제21권5_3호
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• pp.703-712
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• 1998

Physicochemical factors, microbial population size and the properties of the bacterial isolates were estimated to find out the nature of soil ecosystem of Mt. Nam. Samples were obtained from the surface layer of soils on which specific plant community is developed. Average content of moisture and organic matter of the soils were 21.6% and 17.3%, respectively. These values were similar to those of developing forest soils, but were slightly lower than those of climax ecosystem such as Piagol in Mt. Chiri. Chiri. Content of phosphate was higher than those of other forest soils. The population size of soil bacteria ranged from 27.4 to 195.8 ${\times}\;10^5$ CFU/g. duy soil, and the size is somewhat dependent on the moisture and oranic matter content of soils. A large number of bacteria were able to decompose macromolecules such as starch, elastin and gelatin. Bacterial species composition of each soil was comparatively simple. Pseudomonas, Agrobacterium, Flavobacterium and Xanthomonas which are Gram-negative short rods were widely distributed in the forest soils. The endospore forming Bacillus species were also the main constituents of the soil microflroa. Actinomycetes were widely distributed in the forest soils, but the distribution pattern varied in each site. Most of the actinomycetes were also able to decompose organic macromolecules. The rate of resistant actinomycete strains to antibiotics and heavy metals were lower than those from cultivated soils, but higher than those from well-preserved forest soils. Antibiosis pattern of the actinomycete isolates was similiar to the resistance pattern. This means the forest soils of Mt. nam was somewhat interferred by artificial behabiour.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.168-177
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• 2015

BACKGROUND: In recent year, there has been great concern regarding agricultural land uses and their importance for the conservation of biodiversity. Rice fields are managed unique wetland for wildlife, especially waterbirds. A comprehensive monitoring of the waterbird assemblage to understand patterning changes was attempted for rice ecosystem in South Korea. This rice ecosystem has been recognized as one of the most important for waterbirds conservation. METHODS AND RESULTS: Biweekly monitoring was implemented for the 4 years from April 2009 to March 2010, from April 2011 to March 2014. 32 species of waterbirds were observed. Self-organizing map (SOM) and random forest were applied to the waterbirds dataset to identify the characteristics in waterbirds distribution. SOM and random forest analysis clearly classified into four clusters and extract ecological information from waterbird dataset. Waterbird assemblages represented strong seasonality and habitat use according to waterbird group such as shorebirds, herons and waterfowl. CONCLUSION: Our results showed that the combination of SOM and random forest analysis could be useful for ecosystem assessment and management. Furthermore, we strongly suggested that a strict management strategy for the rice fields to conserve the waterbirds. The strategy could be seasonally and species specific.