• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2022.09a
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• pp.23-23
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• 2022

Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is one of the most valuable oilseed crop in the world. It is widely used in various industries, such as food, animal feed, energy and chemical industries. In order to improve the industrial requirements for rapeseed, useful agronomic characteristics (higher yields and disease resistance etc.) and modified oil traits (fatty acid composition and fat content) are important in rapeseed. However, Korea has limiting genetic resources of novel traits in rapeseed. In this research, novel rapeseed mutant genotypes by mutation breeding was developed. The mutant lines were generated by the treatment of the seeds of the original cultivar 'Tamra' with 700 Gy of gamma-ray (⁶⁰Co). Mutants showing varied in flowering time, crude fat content, seed yield and fatty acid content that exhibited stable inheritance of the mutated characteristics from M₅ to M₇ generations were selected. We investigated genetic variation using SNPs identified from GBS analysis in rapeseed mutant lines derived from the gamma-ray, and interactions between the major agronomic and the oil traits. Significantly associated SNP loci were explored along with candidate genes using SNPs obtained by GBS analysis. As a results of association mapping, a total of 322 SNPs were significantly associated with agronomic traits (155 SNPs) and oil traits (167 SNPs). A total of 70 genes were annotated from agronomic characteristics SNPs; among them 7 genes significantly enriched in developmental process, and a total of 70 genes were annotated from crude fat content and fatty acid compositions SNPs; among them, 11genes were significantly enriched in biosynthetic process. These results could be used for the selection of rapeseed cultivar with enhanced qualities and potential economic benefits.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2022.09a
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• pp.73-73
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• 2022

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L., Family Asteraceae) is highly ranked in production and economic value and is consumed either fresh or in salad mixes because of its important dietary source of bioactive phytochemicals. The world collection of Lactuca spp. leafy crops, maintained in NAC, includes 2,464 accessions from 71 countries around the world, of which 2,411 belong to L. sativa species, nineteen to L. saligna, and fifteen to L. serriolar. We aimed to investigate the lettuce germplasm with morphological and biochemical analyses and provide new material for breeding. The lettuce crop comprises seven main groups of cultivars (including oilseed lettuce) differing phenotypically. Agricultural characteristcs were investigated including time to bolting, time to flowering, seed color, flower color, leaf attitude, leaf color, leaf anthocyanin coloration, type of incision of margin, depth of incisions of margins, and leaf venation. Screening of the health beneficial metabolites like anthocyanin and bitter sesquiterpene lactones (lactucin and lactucopicrin) was also conducted. The range of anthocyanin and SLs were 0~563.78 mg/100g D.W. and 3.74~3311.66 ug/g D.W., respectively. The investigation of the degree of variation regarding phenotypic traits and biochemical revealed adaptive stable and highly variable use of trait collection.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2020.12a
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• pp.51-51
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• 2020

콩의 원산지는 만주를 중심으로한 동북아시아를 원산지로 추정하고 있으며, 동아시아인 한국, 중국, 일본의 주요 식재료로 다양하게 이용되어왔다. 콩은 단백질과 지방의 공급원으로서 뿐 아니라 최근에는 콩의 생리활성 물질이 항암효과, 골다공증, 신장질환과 같은 질병예방에도 효과가 있는 것으로 알려지면서 활용가능성이 높아지고 있다. 본 연구는 유전자원센터에 보존 중인 콩 수집단에서 농업형질, 기초정보 등을 토대로 핵심집단을 작성하고 그 중 한국, 중국, 일본 수집단 각 425, 93, 42자원의 개화일수, 생육일수, 주당협수, 100립중, 주당수량과 같은 양적형질을 비교하였다. 개화일수와 생육일수는 중국수집 자원에서 평균38일, 107일로 가장 빠르며, 한국수집 자원은 평균 53일, 127일로 가장 늦었다. 협당립수는 중국수집 자원에서 협당 평균3립으로 가장 많았으며, 한국과 일본 수집자원은 각 2.3과 2.4립으로 유사하였다. 주당협수는 한국 수집자원에서 주당 평균 327.4개로 가장 많고 일본이 248.0개 중국이 224.4순으로 조사되었다. 100립중은 일본 수집 자원이 평균 33.6g으로 대립이 많고 한국 26.5g , 중국 21.1g 이었다. 주당수량은 한국 수집자원이 평균 119.8g, 일본 84.2g, 중국 76.8g순이었다. 이들 5개 양적형질을 토대로 군집분석한 결과 한국 자원은 대다수가 C3 그룹에 속하고, C1 그룹에 일부가 속하였으며, 일본 자원은 C3 그룹과 C2 그룹에, 중국 자원은 C2 그룹에 속하여 한국과 일본자원이 유사하고 중국자원과는 차이를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 특성조사 결과는 자원의 수집, 도입시 다양성 확보를 위한 기초정보로 이용할 수 있다.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2022.09a
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• pp.84-84
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• 2022

백리향(Thymus quinquecostatus)은 꿀풀과의 낙엽반관목으로 국내에서 자생하는 허브 식물 중 하나이다. 백리향은 특유의 좋은 향기 및 항산화, 항염증, 항균, 미백 등의 효능을 가지는 각종 폴리페놀 성분을 함유하고 있어 의약품이나 기능성 식품, 화장품의 천연 소재 원료로 활용되고 있다. 국내에서 백리향은 재배 환경에 맞추어 주로 고산지대의 노지에서 재배되고 있다. 노지 재배는 지역, 시기, 기후 등의 외부환경에 영향을 받아서 백리향의 유효성분, 품질 및 생산성을 안정적으로 유지하기 어렵다는 한계를 가지고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 스마트팜 시스템을 활용하여 백리향의 유효 성분 등을 안정적으로 얻기 위한 생장조건을 탐색하기 위해 4종의 Light Emitting Diode(LED) 광원과 4종의 토양 조성에 따라서 백리향의 생육조건을 수행하였다. LED는 white, purple, RGB1, RGB2를 사용하였으며, 토양은 상토:펄라이트 비율(상토, 5:1, 3:1, 1:1)로 조성하여 백리향 묘목을 이식한 뒤 생장과 개화시기를 분석하였다. 재배환경은 백리향 재배지의 기상 데이터를 참고하여 동일하게 설정하였으며, 총 8주 동안 생육상태를 관찰하였다. 연구 결과 백리향 재배 4주차에 일부 개체에서 봉오리가 올라오며 개화를 시작하였으며, 8주차에는 대부분의 조건에서 개화를 관찰할 수 있었다. 백리향의 지상부 면적을 비교한 결과 가장 우수한 생장을 보이는 조건은 토양은 3(상토):1(펄라이트) 비율로 분석되었다. 따라서 이번 연구 결과를 바탕으로 백리향 재배에 스마트팜 농업 기술을 활용한다면 기존 노지 재배 한계를 보완하여 안정적이고 지속적인 백리향을 생산할 수 있을것으로 기대된다.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2020.12a
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• pp.52-52
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• 2020

병아리콩은 두류 중 콩, 땅콩, 강낭콩, 완두 다음으로 중요한 작물로 chickpea, garbanzo bean 이라고도 불리며, 원산지는 터키 동남부와 시리아로 알려져 있다. 병아리콩은 전세계 50개국 이상에서 재배되며, 인도에서 전세계 생산량의 66%가 재배되고 있다. 병아리콩은 Desi (microsperma)와 Kabuli (macrosperma)의 두가지 형태로 구분된다, Desi형은 꽃색이 분홍색, 종피가 두껍고 종피색이 유색이 특징, Kabuli형은 백색꽃에, 백색이나 미색 종피 양머리 종자형태를 보인다. Desi 형은 아시아와 아프리카, Kabuli 형은 서아시아, 북아프리카, 남미와 유럽 등지에서 주로 재배된다. 본 연구에서는 인도, 미얀마, 우즈벡, 조지아, 불가리아, 우크라이나 등 6개국에서 수집한 자원의 농업형질을 평가하고 비교하여 활용을 위한 정보를 제공하고자 수행하였다. 꽃색의 분포는 분홍색이 백색보다 2배 많았으며 조지아, 인도와 미얀마 수집 자원은 80% 이상이 분홍색, 우크라이나, 우즈베키스탄에서는 백색이 최소 75%이상으로 조사되었다. 소엽의 크기는 종자의 크기와 밀접한 관련이 있으며 인도와 미얀마, 불가리아에서는 소립종, 조지아, 우크라이나에서는 중립종의 비율이 높았다. 개화기는 6월 상중순에 집중되었으며 인도와 미얀마 수집자원의 개화기가 6월 상순 이전으로 빠르고 우크라이나 자원이 6월 하순과 7월 상순으로 늦은 경향을 보였다. 올해는 6월 중순부터 지속된 강우로 개화 후 정상적인 결실이 어려웠으나 6월 하순부터 성숙하기 시작하였고, 인도와 미얀마 수집자원은 주로 7월 상순에 나머지 수집 국가들은 7월 하순 이후에 성숙하였다. 올해의 기상이변으로 보다 정확한 평가를 위하여 차년도에 재평가를 수행하고자 하나 올해의 양적, 질적 형질의 경향치를 이용하여 수집국간의 농업형질을 비교하고, 식품소재의 다양화 다변화 추세에 맞추어 도입작물 활용을 위한 기초자료로 제공하고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2021.04a
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• pp.9-9
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• 2021

Mutation breeding is useful for improving agronomic characteristics of various crops. In this study, we constructed soybean Mutant Diversity Pool (MDP) from 1,695 gamma-irradiated mutants through two selection phases over M1 to M12 generations; we selected 523 mutant lines exhibiting at least 30% superior agricultural characteristics, and, second, we eliminated redundant morphological phenotypes in the M12 generation. Finally, we constructed 208 MDP lines and investigated 11 agronomic traits. We then assessed the genetic diversity and inter-relationships of these MDP lines using target region amplification polymorphism (TRAP) markers. Among the different TRAP primer combinations, polymorphism levels and PIC values averaged 59.71% and 0.15, respectively. Dendrogram and population structure analyses divided the MDP lines into four major groups. According to an analysis of AMOVA, the percentage of inter-population variation among mutants was 11.320 (20.6%), whereas mutant inter-population variation ranged from 0.231 (0.4%) to 14.324 (26.1%). Overall, the genetic similarity of each cultivar and its mutants were higher than within other mutant populations. In an analysis of the genome-wide association study (GWAS) using based on the genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS), we detected 66 SNPs located on 13 different chromosomes were found to be highly associated with four agronomic traits: days of flowering (33 SNPs), flower color (16 SNPs), node number (6 SNPs), and seed coat color (11 SNPs). These results are consistent with those previously reported for other genetic resource populations, including natural accessions and recombinant inbred line. Our observations suggest that genomic changes in mutant individuals induced by gamma rays occurred at the same loci as those of natural soybean population. This study has demonstrated that the integration of GBS and GWAS can serve as a powerful complementary approach to gamma-ray mutation for the dissection of complex traits in soybean.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.973-979
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• 2024

In the framework of the Generation IV research and development project, in which the French Commission of Alternative and Atomic Energies (CEA) is involved, a main objective for the design of Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor (SFR) is to meet the safety goals for severe accidents. Among the severe ones, the Unprotected Transient OverPower (UTOP) accidents can lead very quickly to a global melting of the core. UTOP accidents can be considered either as slow during a Control Rod Withdrawal (CRW) or as fast. The paper focuses on fast UTOP accidents, which occur in a few milliseconds, and three different scenarios are considered: rupture of the core support plate, uncontrolled passage of a gas bubble inside the core and core mechanical distortion such as a core flowering/compaction during an earthquake. Several levels and rates of reactivity insertions are also considered and the thermal-mechanical behavior of an ASTRID fuel pin from the ASTRID CFV core is simulated with the GERMINAL code. Two types of fuel pins are simulated, inner and outer core pins, and three different burn-up are considered. Moreover, the feedback from the CABRI programs on these type of transients is used in order to evaluate the failure mechanism in terms of kinetics of energy injection and fuel melting. The CABRI experiments complete the analysis made with GERMINAL calculations and have shown that three dominant mechanisms can be considered as responsible for pin failure or onset of pin degradation during ULOF/UTOP accident: molten cavity pressure loading, fuel-cladding mechanical interaction (FCMI) and fuel break-up. The study is one of the first step in fast UTOP accidents modelling with GERMINAL and it has shown that the code can already succeed in modelling these type of scenarios up to the sodium boiling point. The modeling of the radial propagation of the melting front, validated by comparison with CABRI tests, is already very efficient.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.985-1000
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• 2005

In vitro anaerobic incubations of timothy (Phleum pretense L.) forage with bovine rumen fluid were conducted at 39℃ for 0, 3, 6, 9, 24, and 36 h in three trials to examine the biohy- drogenation of linolenic (C18:3) and linoleic acids (C18:2) and their bypass from the rumen. The objectives of the first trial was to study the effect of growth stage (stem elongation, early heading, late heading, and early flowering) and N-fertilization (0 and 120 kg N ha－1) on in vitro biohydrogenation of C18:2 and C18:3. The hydrogenable fraction, the effective disappearance and the bypass of C18:2 and C18:3 were high in timothy harvested at stem elongation, and decr- ease linearly with maturity. The N-fertilization increased the hydrogenable fraction of C18:3, the effective disappearance and the bypass of C18:2 and C18:3. However, the rate of disappearance of C18:2 and C18:3 were not affected by maturity and N-fertilization (P>0.1). In trial 2, the effect of timothy conservation method on in vitro C18:2 and C18:3 biohydrogenation was determined. Silage had the highest effective disappearance of C18:2 and C18:3, and grass hay had lowest one. The amounts of C18:2 and C18:3 biohydrogenated were higher in haylage and silage than in grass hay. Comparative to haylage timothy, the bypass of C18:3 was higher in fresh grass, wilted grass and grass hay. The bypass of C18:2 was higher in fresh grass and silage in comparison to grass hay and haylage. In trial 3, the effects of formic acid and Lactobacillus plantarum inoculum addition to timothy haylage and silage on C18:2 and C18:3 disappearance and bypass were studied. Haylage and silage additives had no effect (P>0.1) on effective disappearance and bypass of C18:2 and C18:3. The addition of formic acid increased the rate of biohydrogenation of C18:3 in haylage and silage, but it decreased the hydrogenable fraction of C18:2 in silage. The results of these three incubation trials show that the hydrogenable fraction and the bypass of C18:2 and C18:3 in timothy decreased with maturity and increased with N-fertilization. Higher amount of C18:2 and C18:3 were biohydrogenated in haylage and silage than in grass hay, and C18:3 ruminal disappearance was higher in fresh grass, wilted grass and grass hay than in haylage.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.421-426
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of timing of nutrient starvation during transplant production on growth of runner plants and yield of strawberry 'Seolhyang' (Fragaria ${\times}$ ananassa). Nutrient solution supply at the level of EC (electrical conductivity) 0.8 $dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ was terminated at interval about 10 days between July 25 and September 5. As a result, the growth of above-ground part was inhibited while root growth increased when the nutrient starvation treatment had been brought forward to July 25. It also reduced the T/R ratio significantly and chlorophyll content was tended to be lower than the other treatment. In addition, it significantly promoted the budding, flowering and harvest of first flower cluster. On the other hand, the period of harvest was delayed more than two weeks when the nutrients were continuously supplied after the middle of August. An accumulated marketable fruit yield per plant until the end of January and February was 169 and 266g, respectively in the treatment of nutrient starvation on July 25, which was 71 and 12% increase, respectively, as compared with those in the treatment of September 5. Therefore, the appropriate nutrient starvation in the late season of strawberry nursery period could be expected the increase in yield and income during the winter season by promoting the flower bud differentiation as reducing the endogenous nitrate level of the plantlet.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.408-415
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• 2013

To better understand the morphological variation of the Perilla crop and their weedy types in East and Southeast Asia, we studied the morphological variation of 90 accessions by examining 10 morphological characteristics, such as flowering time, seed size, seed hardness, seed color, color of surface leaf, color of reverse side leaf etc. As a result, morphological variation determined that between cultivated var. frutescens and var. crispa, and between cultivated var. frutescens and its weedy type showed significant morphological differences in terms of seed size and seed hardness, whenever cultivated var. crispa and its weedy type could not showed significant differences in most morphological characters. In PCAs (principal component analysis), among 10 morphological characteristics, flower color (QL6), color of surface leaf (QL3), seed size (QN2), seed hardness (QL1), seed color (QL2), stem color (QL7), and color of reverse side leaf (QL4) contributed in negative direction on the first axis, while flowering time (QN1), leaf shape (QL5), and degree of pubescence (QL8) contributed in positive direction on the first axis. Among these morphological characters, particularly flower color (QL6), color of surface leaf (QL3), seed size (QN2), seed hardness (QL1), and degree of pubescence (QL8) were useful characters for discrimination between cultivated var. frutescens and weedy var. crispa, and between cultivated var. frutescens and its weedy type. However, most accession of cultivated and weedy types of var. crispa was not clearly discriminated by PCA analyses. Although the wild ancestral species of var. frutescens and of var. crispa are still unknown in East and Southeast Asia, the weedy types of Perilla crop may be the key taxon for our understanding of the origin of cultivated types of var. frutescens and var. crispa.