• 생명과학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.385-391
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• 2001

Filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) is considered as an essential immunogenic component for incorporation into acellular vaccines against Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough. Classically, antipertussis vaccination has employed an intramuscular route. An alternative approach to stimulate mucosal and systemic immune responses is oral immunization with recombinant live vaccine carrier strains of Salmonella typhimurium. An attenuated live Salmonella vaccine sgrain($\Delta$cya $\Delta$crp) expressing recombinant FHA(rFHA) was developed. Stable expressionof rFHA was achieved by the use of balanced-lethal vector-host system. which employs an asd deletion in the host chromosome to impose in obligate requirement for diaminopimelic acid. The chromosomal $\Delta$asd mutation was complemented by a plasmid vector possessing the asd$^{+}$ gene. A 3 kb DNA fragment encoding immuno dominant regionof FHA was subcloned in-frame downstream to the ATG translation initiation codon in the multicopy Asd$^{+}$ pYA3341 vector to create pYA3457. Salmonella vaccine harboring pYA3457 expressed approximately 105kDa rFHA protein. The 100% maintenance of [YA3457 in vaccine strain was confirmed by stability examinations. Additionally, a recombinant plasmid pYA3458 was constructed to overpress His(8X)-tagged rFHA in Essherichia coli. His-tagged rFHA was purified from the E. coli strain harboring pYA3458 using Ni$^{2+}$-NTA affinity purification system.>$^{2+}$-NTA affinity purification system.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제67권3호
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• pp.398-405
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• 2018

LLC resonant converter is popular with industrial fields because it can be achieved high efficiency by zero voltage switching (ZVS). As interest grew, analysis of characteristics in LLC resonant converter have been actively studied. Generally, characteristic of LLC resonant converter is analyzed based on first harmonic approximation(FHA). The FHA analysis represents the characteristics of LLC resonant converter by obtaining the series resonant operation. FHA analysis of LLC resonant converter in load condition is correct. but it is not correct in no load condition. This paper proposed analysis of characteristics considering the parasitic components to overcome the limitation of FHA and analyze no-load characteristics. The validity of the proposed method has been investigated by simulation and experimental results.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.331-336
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to visualize the characteristics of ER fluids as preceding step of developing 3 port ER valves. As the strength of the electric field increases, more clusters in flow are made and these clusters are thought to be the reasons of the load flow rate being increased and the outlet flow rate being decreased. The ER Valves and load and outlet flow rate check method are considered to be applied to the fluid power control system. Using the manufactured pressure control valve, a one-link manipulator with FHA in robot system is driven. As a result, it is experimentally confirmed that the pressure control valve using ER fluids is applicable to use in driving actuator. If it applies characteristics of the ER fluids, it will be able to apply in the control system for the ER Valve which occurs from industrial controller(PLC).

• 대한방사성의약품학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2018

${\omega}-[^{18}F]$-Fluorohexadecanoic acid (FHA) has been used for imaging of fatty acid metabolism of myocardium. To increase retention of radiolabeled fatty acid by blocking ${\beta}$-oxidation, methyl branched analogues have been used. In this experiment, we tried to synthesize 18F-labeled ${\alpha}-$, ${\beta}-$ and ${\omega}-FHA$ for imaging of the myocardial fatty acid metabolism. We synthesized ${\alpha}-$, ${\beta}-$ and ${\omega}$-mesylated methyl hexadecanoates and labeled with $^{18}F$ by reacting with $[^{18}F]$TBAF in acetonitrile at $80^{\circ}C$ for 10 min. Methyl ester group was removed by 1 M NaOH at $80^{\circ}C$ for 5 min. The yields of ${\alpha}-[^{18}F]$ and ${\omega}-[^{18}F]FHA$ were 25.5 and 45.5%, respectively [EOS]. However, ${\beta}-[^{18}F]FHA$ was not labeled at all due to a fast elimination reaction. The biodistribution study in ICR-mice showed that ${\omega}-[^{18}F]FHA$ has higher myocardial uptake and lower liver uptake than ${\alpha}-[^{18}F]FHA$. The electron-withdrawing effect of fluorine at ${\alpha}-$ position is believed to be the major factor affecting the biodistribution.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.148-154
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• 2016

안전과 관련된 CNS/ATM 시스템의 개발은 안전 평가 활동을 필요로 한다. 안전 평가에는 기능 위험 평가를 포함하며, 이는 시스템의 위험한 상황을 감소시키기 위한 시스템 안전 요구사항을 도출하는데 영향을 끼친다. 본 논문은 A-SMGCS에 대한 기능 위험 평가에 대한 사례 연구를 수행하였다. 이를 위해 관련연구인 Eurocontrol과 EMMA에서 수행한 연구를 분석하였으며 Eurocontrol 및 EMMA의 기능 위험 평가 체계를 통합하였다. FHA(functional hazard assessment) 범위뿐만 아니라 FHA를 위한 여러 가정 사항들을 인천국제공항에 대해서 정의하였다. 29개의 위험원이 식별되었고, 각각에 대해 심각도가 평가되었다. 그리고 위험원에 대한 노출빈도와 안전 목적이 이벤트 트리 분석 방법을 사용하여 분석되었다. 본 연구 결과와 EMMA의 결과에 대한 차이를 분석하였으며 또한 본 연구에서의 평가 결과에 대해서도 검토 하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.380-385
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• 2011

Introduction: Hydroxyapatite ($Ca_{10}(PO_4)_6(OH)_2$, HA) is the main inorganic phase of human hard tissue that is used widely as the repair material for bones. When HA is applied to a bony defect, however, it can be encapsulated with fibrous tissue and float in the implanted area due to a lack of consolidation. Bioceramics as allogenic graft materials are added to HA to improve the rate and bone healing capacity. Fluoridated hydroxyapatite ($Ca_{10}(PO_4)_6(OH,F)_2$, FHA), where F- partially replaces the OH- in hydroxyapatite, is considered a good alternative material for bone repair owing to its solubility and biocompatibility. Materials and Methods: This study was designed to determine the bone healing capacity of FHA newly produced as a nanoscale fiber in the laboratory. HA and FHA with bioglass was implanted in a rabbit cranium defect and the specimen was analysed histologically. Results: 1. At 4 weeks, fibrous connective tissue and little bone formation was observed around the materials of the experimental group I implanted HA and bioglass. Newly formed bone was observed around the materials in the experimental group II implanted FHA and bioglass. 2. At 8 weeks, the amount of newly formed and matured bone was higher in experimental group II than in experimental group I and the control group. Conclusion: These results suggest that FHA and bioglass is a relatively favorable bone substitute with biocompatibility and better bone healing capacity than pure HA and bioglass.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.464-469
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• 2007

The bone graft materials are grossly divided into autogenous bone, allogenic bone, xenogenic bone, and alloplastic material. Among the various allogenic graft materials, hydroxyapatite($Ca_{10}(PO_4)_6(OH)_2$, HA), the main inorganic phase of human hard tissue, is widely used as a repair material for bones. When HA applied to bony defect, however, it may be encapsulated with fibrous tissue and floated in the implanted area by the lack of consolidation. Fluoridated hydroxyapatite($Ca_{10}(PO_4)_6(OH)_2$, FHA), where F- partially replaces the OH- in the hydroxyapatite, is considered as an alternative material for bone repair due to its solubility and biocompatibility. This study was designed to find out the bone healing capacity of FHA newly produced as a nanoscale fiber in the laboratory. We implanted HA and FHA in the rabbit cranium defect and histologically analysed the specimen. The results were as follows. 1. In the 4 weeks, fibrous connective tissue and little bone formation around materials of the experimental group I implanted HA were observed. In the experimental group II implanted FHA, newly formed bone around materials were observed. 2. In the 8 weeks, the amount of newly formed and matured bone of the experimental group II was more than the experimental group I and control group. From the results obtained, we suggest that FHA, newly synthesized, is relatively favorable bone substitute with bioconpatibility and has better bone healing capacity than pure HA.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 전력전자학회 2018년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.205-206
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• 2018

LLC 컨버터는 1차측 스위치의 ZVS, 2차측 다이오드의 ZCS를 만족하며 높은 Power density로 인해 여러 분야에서 각광 받고 있는 시기이다. 기존의 FHA를 통해 LLC 컨버터를 해석하여 전압이득을 구하고 이를 기반으로 설계를 하지만 실제로는 기본파 성분뿐만 아니라 고조파 성분을 포함하므로 다소 오차가 존재하게 된다. 따라서 이 논문에서는 기존의 FHA에서 반영하지 않았던 출력 캐패시터의 영향을 반영함으로써 보다 정확한 LLC 컨버터의 전압이득 곡선을 제안한다.

• 대한인간공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한인간공학회 1996년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.181-184
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• 1996

Fuzzy hierarchical analysis(FHA) has the usefulness to allow decision maker's ambiguities when comparing two alternatives. But, for easiuly appling it to a decision problem, the handling its many data and for decision makers much not knowing fuzzy theory are the obstacles to must be overcomed even if the results of final fuzzy weights can be computed by a personal computer. This paper decribes that FHA is revised, and input/output interfaces are developed to collect input data easily and interprete the fuzzy resultlts. Finally, a fuzzy decision process is suggested with them.

• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.583-589
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• 1999

Acellular pertussis vaccine has been used widely in Korea since 1984. However, because many of the former generations were not inoculated with pertussis vaccine, they may infect infants with pertussis. With this background, we investigated the prevalence of pertussis antibodies in all age groups. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to assess IgG antibodies to pertussis toxin (PT) and filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) and bacterial agglutination (BA) to assess antibodies to agglutinogen were compared on 842 serum samples which were donated from 11 hospitals in Seoul area. In comparison with age groups under 20 years, antibodies of adults against PT and FHA were maintained. But antibodies against agglutinogen showed no pattern in all age groups. Antibodies to PT were correlated with antibodies to FHA. There was no significant difference in antibody levels between male and female (p<0.05).