• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.283-287
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• 2006

Although estrogen is known to playa role in fatty acid metabolism, it remains unclear whether fatty acid oxidation in mature female rats differs from fatty acid oxidation in peri-pubertal young rats. In this study, we measured fatty acid metabolism in the skeletal muscles and livers of 5 and 50 weeks old male and female rats. The rate of palmitate oxidation in the liver and gastrocnemius red in the 50-week-old female rats were elevated as compared to the 5-week-old females, whereas there were no differences in the male rats. The rate of palmitate oxidation in the gastrocnemius red was correlated inversely with intra-abdominal fat mass in the 5-week-old male and female rats, whereas the palmitate oxidation rate was positively correlated with fat mass in the liver and gastrocnemius red in the 50-week-old rats. HOMA-IR and plasma insulin levels were positively correlated with intra-abdominal fat mass in the pooled 50-week-old male and female rats, but this correlation was not apparent in 5-week-old rats. In summary, the rate of fatty acid oxidation measured in the middle-aged adult female rats was significantly higher than those measured in the peri-pubertal young female rats. This difference may be attributed to the influence of ovarian hormones.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.5
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• pp.291-308
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• 2002

This study is on the female crimes, and I study the scholars' researched outlooks about it till now on through the theoretical background of female crimes. I analyzed and checked a cause of female crimes by dividing it into a biological, a psychologic medical, and a sociological factor. Finally, the contents of this study not only prevents and reduces an occurrence of female crimes in our country but also secures an establishment of returning policy to the society for the female who finished their prison terms as a sound social members.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2013.05a
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• pp.194-196
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• 2013

Recently, It is a fact that the percentage of female field managers has increased in the construction industry. Therefore, this study investigated the percentage of female construction site managers by conducting a survey of current male and female construction site managers and then analyzed the workload, work difficulty, work importance and performance level of female employees in charge of public affairs, which is the most common tasks.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1105-1126
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to explore the factors related to depression of married baby-boomer female by employment status. Data for this study was based on a convenience sample of 499 married female baby-boomer who have residence in Busan and Gyeongnam province. The prevalence rate of depression symptoms was 21.4%. The employment status made differences on the factors related to depression of married female baby boomers. Depressive symptoms were significantly associated with attitudes toward menopause, menopausal symptoms and marital satisfaction for both baby-boomer female with and without a job. While monthly household income, participation in voluntary associations and satisfaction with children were significantly related to depression symptoms of baby-boomer female without employment, perimenopausal stage, perceived size of social network was important factors for the depression of married female baby boomers with a job.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to investigate cosmetic purchasing behaviors among female college students in Cheongju area. Three-hundred female college students who were attending universities in Cheongju area were selected. Questionnaire survey method and SPSS computer program were utilized. The findings of this study were as follow: First, 8.5% of monthly disposible money was spent for cosmetic and this amount of cosmetic expenditure was a little burden to female college students. Second, most female college students began to make up from freshmen or sophomore. And they were making up for self-satisfaction rather than showing off. Third, the purchasing behaviors of female college students were most affected by TV advertisements. Fourth, female college students thought that cosmetic is a necessity rather than luxury for them. And they were considering quality when they buy cosmetic first and price second. Fifth, female college students showed that rather low level of impulse purchasing behaviors.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.95-109
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• 2002

This study investigated if and how work-family conflict and sex-role identity influence married female teachers' job involvement. The results of this study follow. First, married female teachers in the high work-family conflict group showed lower job involvement than that of those in the low work-family conflict group. The mean difference of job involvement between the high and low work-family conflict groups was not statistically significant. Second, the married female teachers with an Androgynous sex-role identity showed higher job involvement than those with a Feminine sex-role identity. Finally, the job involvement of Androgynous married female teachers was damaged less under high work-family conflict situations than that of Feminine married female teachers. These results imply that to increase married female teachers' job involvement, the improvement of physical/environmental conditions and psychological changes for women are necessary.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.1-24
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• 2016

This study investigated the ideal female beauty in advertisement images through the iconological comprehension of Renaissance portraits and explored the longitudinal change of the ideal female beauty in modern Korean society. A total of 146 cover images on Hyang-Jang magazine, which is the company magazine of AMORE PACIFIC Group, from 1972 to 2012 were selected as the data. These images were divided into 10-year units for analysis using iconological criteria, which were pose, shape of eyes and lip, and hairstyle. The way presenting the cover images on Hyang-Jang magazine had changed in order to emphasize female body, self-satisfaction and independence of female, and sexual attractiveness of female. The results of this study implied that the change of ideal female beauty had been affected by socio-cultural contexts of modern Korean society that has industrialized and democratized in a short period of time.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.83-96
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• 2001

This study examined housework time management strategies between married female home-based workers and on-site workers, and found out the factors affecting the housework time management strategies. The data were collected from 165 married female home-based workers, and 292 married female on-site workers in Pusan and Kyungnam province, by self-administered questionnaire. Frequency distributions, Cronbachs alpha, t-tests, Pearsons correlations, and multiple regression analyses were conducted by SPSS/PC+. The major findings of this study were kas follows: 1) Married female home-based workers more used obtaining additional help and personal time reallocation than married female on-site workers. 2) For married female home-based workers, educational attainment and occupation were significant factors affecting housework time management strategies, and for married female on-site workers, employment hours per week and existence of elders/disability within the family were important variables.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.159-170
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• 1999

This study analyzes the relationships between social networks and loneliness. Subjects of this study are male and female undergraduate students residing in Soul and Jeonju city Questionaires were and the obtained results were analyzed through SPSS PC+ The results are as follows 1) The size of general social networks doesnt's show difference between male and female students but at the of intimate social networks female students' one is bigger than male students' And female students' contact frequency via telephone is higher than male students' but the direct contact frequency did not show the difference: 2) The bigger the size of social networks is and the higher the contack frequency is the more the mount of social supports female students get. And the bigger the size of social networks is the more the amount of social support male students get. But among male students there are no relationships between the contact frequency and the amount of social supports 3) The size and co tact frequency of social networks is negatively related to loneliness among female and male students 4) The amount of social supports explaines the degree of loneliness at 23% among female students and 18% among male students.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.812-825
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• 2008

This article analyzed fashion representations in France posters, especially the late 19th century France when mass consumption cultures arose. That was analyzed by consumers' sexuality supposed in advertisement contents. Female models mainly figured in posters of the late 19th century France made a role to promote consumption, in which female models were emphasized on fashion, for example, erotic robe, unusual hair style and etc. Posters' type in this period were categorized in three types by presenting style of female body and fashion style. The first were targeting female consumers, and that posters represented bourgeois fashion styles and life styles to clear consumers' social status and to present women's consuming power. The second case was targeting male consumers, and that posters figured female models such as available products. In this case, poster artists emphasized female models' sexualities and used fantasies against eroticism of the legs and feet. And third case was targeting female consumers and males', in this case, two different aspects were required to appealing to consumers. One was to use a female sexuality to appeal for male consumers, the other was to modify female models as transcendental being such like a muse admirable and mysterious, through fashion styles for female consumers. In the late 19th century, female body and fashion were spectacular elements in visual arts specifically. This study clarified representations of female body and fashion in the late 19th century posters according to poster's contents and target consumer's sexuality. This was one of the aspects characterizing early advertisement media.