• Journal of Korean Academic Society of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.2
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• pp.35-51
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• 1995

This study was done to define nursing diagnose and to test the validity of the characteristics for patients with cerebrovascular accidents being seen at home by home health care nurses. This study was a descriptive study. The sample consisted of 10 experts(professors and home health care nurses) who had had a variety of experience using nursing diagnoses in clinical practice, and 336 nurse progress notes for 18 patients with cerebrovascular accidents. First, 32 nursing diagnoses were defined by the analysis of 336 nurse progress notes, and ten nursing diagnoses were selected according to a criteria of frequency and four nursing diagnoses from home health care clinical practice. Second, content validity was examined by an expert group which considered the sign / symtoms of the fourteen nursing diagnoses. The instrument used for this was a checklist for sign / symtoms based on the nurse progress notes and literature : Carpenito(1993), Kim Cho Ja et al (1994), Lee Sun Ok et al.(1994), Kim Mae Ja et al. (1992), Seoul University Hospital (1993) , Kim Mi Ja et al. (1991). The data were collected from March 1995 to April 1995. Data were analyzed using Content Validity Incidence where if 80% or more of the expert group agreed, characteristics were defined as a major sign/symtoms, if between 50% and 79% of the expert group agreed with the characteristic it was defined as a minor sign / symtoms. The results of this study are summarized as follows : 1. Thirty-two nursing diagnoses related to patients with cerebrovascular accidents were defined. There was a high frequency for the following : 'Potential for disuse syndrome (61%)', 'Impaired physical mobility(50%)', 'Impaired skin integrity (44.4%)', Potential for aspiration(33.3%)', 'Potential for infection: respiration(33.3%)', 'Self-care deficit : bathing /hygine(27.8%)', 'Ineffective family coping(22.2%)', 'Potential for trauma(22.2%)', 'Alteration in nutrition: less than body requirements(22.2%)'. The following diagnoses were also used in home health care clinical practice : 'Anxiety in family (50%)', 'Caregiver fatigue(27.8%)', 'Ineffective treatment behavior (22.2%)', 'Ineffective Levin tube management and Levin tube feeding(22.2%)'. Fourteen nursing diagnoses were selected. 2. Ten of the nursing diagnoses for patients with cerebrovascular accident were listed as nursing diagnoses by NANDA but four nursing diagnoses were new nursing diagnoses used in home health care clinical practice. 3. Characteristics of the ten Nursing Diagnoses from NANDA were developed from the sign /symtoms in the literature and in the nurse progress notes. These characteristics was verified as major or minor sign / symtoms by the expert group. 4. Characteristics of the four nursing diagnoses used in home health care were not defined by the literature but only by the nurse progress notes and verified as major or minor signs /symtoms by the expert group. On the basis of the findings of this study, the following recommendations are made : 1. Continual study is necessary to identify other signs /symtoms not verified in this study. 2. It is necessary to use verified signs /symtoms in home health care clinical practice. 3. It is necessary to define related factors which define each diagnoses in this study. 4. It is necessary to develop of standardized nursing are plans which include defined signs and symtoms. 5. It is necessary to study the outcomes of the standardized nursing care plans.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.608-617
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• 2006

This study compared the food habits and attitudes towards dietary life culture in types of feeding management, gender and grade. The subjects were 352 elementary school students who lived in Seocheon, Chungnam. The independently managed school students were better than jointly managed school students in food habits (p<0.05). In skipping school meals, upper grade students were skipped more than lower grade students (p<0.05). In rate of eating school meals, boys were faster than girls (p<0.001). The independently managed school students and the jointly managed school students were different on distasteful food. Boys disliked vegetables and girls disliked cereals and beans (p<0.05). Upper grade students ate more well-balanced meals than lower grade students (p<0.05). As for the question 'what you will do if the distasteful foods are provided through school meals', they responded. the highest percent of students, 'I will try once or twice'. And the response 'I have them for health' was higher independently in managed school students than the jointly managed school students (p<0.05), girls than boy (p<0.05), and the lower grades than the upper grades (p<0.05). As for the question 'what you will do if the distasteful foods are provided, after the guide for school meals was performed', the response, 'I will make an effort to have it' accounted for the highest percents, and there were differences in lower grade students who were high percents than upper grade students (p<0.01). As for the recognition for unbalanced diets, most of the students recognized that it is a 'bad habit'; the girl students accounted for more percentage than boys (p<0.05). The criterion of food choice were different in gender and grade (p<0.01). As for the factor of influences for the food habits formation, lower grade students were 'school education' and upper grade students were 'parents' (p<0.05). Thus, the systematic guide for proper intakes of nutrition should be performed. Also, the time when students can be educated by an expert of nutritional education, which is connected with school meals and students can grow healthily.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.175-182
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• 2007

Two fruit moths of the oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck), and the peach fruit moth, Carposina sasakii (Matsumura), infest apples in Korea by internally feeding behavior. C. sasakii is a quarantine insect pest from some other countries importing Korean apples. G. molesta is not a quarantine insect pest, but can be incorrectly identified as C. sasakii especially when it is found inside apple fruits at its larval stages because it is not easy to identify the two species by morphological characters alone. This incomplete identification results in massive economical loss by fruits needlessly destroyed or turned away at border inspection stations of the importing nations. This difficulty can be overcome by molecular DNA markers. Several polymorphic regions of mitochondrial DNA of both species were sequenced and used for developing specific striction sites and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers. Based on these sequences, three diagnostic PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) sites were detected and validated for their practical uses. Also, species-specific PCR primers were devised to develop diagnostic PCR method for identifying the internal feeders.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.257-265
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• 2011

To investigate host preferencse of Myzus persicae on 15 sweet pepper cultivars grown in Jeonnam Province, EPG (electrical penetration graph) and life table experiments were carried out in the laboratory. Phloem phase times were significantly longer on Ferrari, Jinju, Debla, and Rapido than Orobell and Thialf. Non-penetration times were conversely observed. Life span, reproduction period, total fecundity, and intrinsic rate of increase ($r_m$) of M. persicae, were higher on Ferrari, Debla, Orange glory, and Jinju than on Purple, GreenAce, Orobell, and Thialf. On the bases of these results, we conclude that M. persicae preferred Ferrari, Jinju, Orange glory, and Debla among the 15 tested sweet pepper varieties. However, we could not show the preference of the aphid for Purple, Orobell, and Thialf.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.147-156
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• 2006

To investigate the influence of the foaming temperature and carbon black content on the cure behaviors and foaming characteristics of the foams. natural rubber (NR) was foamed at five temperature zones (145, 150, 155, 160 and $165^{\circ}C$) and different feeding ratios of the carbon black. A decreasing trend of the scorch time, $t_{s2}$ and cure time, $t_{90}$ was observed upon increasing foaming temperature and carbon black content. The optimal temperature for vulcanization and foaming of NRs in this study was considered to be $165^{\circ}C$ where density of the loomed NRs is lower than those at other four temperature regions. The rule rate index of the NRs foamed at $145^{\circ}C$ is smaller than those at 150, 155, 160 and $165^{\circ}C$. The results of the expansion ratio and micrographs of the foamed NRs were founded to support the density characteristics. The thickness of each of the struts formed inside the rubber matrix decreases with increasing the foaming temperature, while it increases with increasing the carbon black content.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.174-181
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• 2013

Pyrifluquinazon is classified with a quinazoline insecticide that regulates food intake by controling the feeding behavior acting on the endocrine or nervous system of pests such as aphids and white fly. To keep safety on pyrifluquinazon residues in agricultural commodities a simple, accurate and rapid analytical method was developed and validated using high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC-UVD). The pyrifluquinazon residues acidified with 1% formic acid in samples were extracted with acetonitrile and partitioned with hexane subsequently to dichloromethane then purified with silica solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridge. The purified samples were detected using HPLC-UVD. The method was validated using apple and pear spiked with pyrifluquinazon at 0.02, 0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg and hulled rice, pepper, soybean at 0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg. Average recoveries were 70.5~107.9% with relative standard deviation less than 10%. The result of recoveries and overall coefficient of variation of a laboratory results in Gwangju regional FDA and Daejeon regional FDA was followed with Codex guideline (CODEX CAC/GL 40). This method is appropriated at pyrifluquinazon residues determination and will be used as official method of analysis.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.500-507
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• 1998

Using a sledge net, the benthic amphipods were taken over one cycle of the neap and spring tides in January 1993 at the sandy shore surf zone of Dolsando, southern Korea. From these samples, we investigated the diel and tidal effects on the intraspecific zonation of Pontogeneia rostrata. The density of p. rostrata was higher during neap tide than spring. Of three categories (adult males and females and juveniles), juveniles and males attained to its highest density during neap and spring tides, respectively. Length- frequency data show that the high mortality of juveniles seemed to occur in winter. In the surface at night, it is significant that juveniles were significantly more abundant during neap tide than spring, whereas both adult males and females were more abundant during spring tide than neap. This suggests that the vortical migration patterns of juveniles and adults vary with the type of tides. During flood of spring tide, more than $90\%$ of population collected at the area above the mean sea level (MSL) were adults. With a decrease of female/male ratio, size of males increased there but that of female did not change, indicating an active migration of large males. This behavior can provide an extension of distribution area far large males, and also give a competitive advantage to large male against small one for mate and feeding. Although adult p. rostrata was collected at 100 cm above MSL at night during spring tide, a major portion of population as usually present on the shore below MSL. The center of zonation was restricted from 50 cm to 250 cm below MSL.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.315-326
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• 2021

The clear-water phase (CWP) is a notable limnological phenomenon in freshwater systems caused by predatory interactions between large filter-feeding zooplankton and phytoplankton. However, the mechanisms and factors that influence the extent of CWP, particularly in complex water systems with both fluvial and lacustrine characteristics, remain poorly understood. The present study evaluated CWP occurrence patterns at different sites in a large reservoir located in a temperate monsoon region (Lake Paldang, Korea); the relationships among factors associated with CWP occurrence, such as transparency, zooplankton diversity, and chlorophyll a concentration were investigated. Transparency exhibited significant correlations with precipitation and retention time, as well as the relative abundance of zooplankton (p<0.01), suggesting that a change in the retention time due to precipitation can alter CWP. Data collected before and after CWP occurrence were analyzed using paired t-test to determine variations in CWP occurrence based on the water system characteristics. The results demonstrated that various factors were associated with CWP occurrence in the fluvial-type and lacustrine-type sites. The correlation between zooplankton biomass and transparency was stronger in the lacustrine-type sites than in the fluvial-type sites. The lacustrine-type sites, where cladoceran emergence is common and is associated with long retention times, favored CWP occurrence. The results suggest that lacustrine-type sites, which are conducive to zooplankton development and have relatively long retention times, enhance CWP occurrence. Furthermore, CWP occurrence was notable in spring, and the present study revealed that site-specific CWP could occur throughout the year, regardless of the season.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.91-100
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• 2022

Ticks are the arthropod vector capable of transmitting diverse pathogens, which include bacteria, viruses, protozoan and fungi. Ticks are able to survive under stressful environmental conditions. One of evolutionary outcomes of these obligatory hematophagous arthropods is the survival for extended periods of time without a blood meal during off-host periods. Water conservation biology and heat tolerance have allowed ticks to thrive even under high temperatures and low relative humidity, thus they have become highly successful arthropods as they are distributed globally. Tick osmoregulatory physiology is a complex mechanism, which involves multiple osmoregulatory organs (salivary glands, Malpighian tubules, hindgut and synganglion) for the acquisition and excretion of water and ions. Blood feeding and water vapor uptake have been early reported as the primary passages for ixodid tick to acquire water. Recently, we have learned that ticks can actively drink environmental water allowing hydration. The acquired water can be traced to the salivary glands (type I acini) and the midgut diverticula. This opens new avenues for tick management through the delivery of toxic agents into their drinking water, in addition to an alternative strategy for the study of tick physiology. Here we address the osmoregulatory physiology in the ixodid ticks as a potential target physiological mechanism for tick control. We discuss the implications of water drinking behavior for tick control through the delivery of toxic agents and discuss the dermal excretion physiology as an additional pathway to induce tick dehydration and tick death.

• Korean Journal of Health Psychology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.711-727
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to develop and standardize the Korean version of the Parent Mealtime Action Scale(K-PMAS). The parents of typically developing preschool and elementary school children (N=887) ranging in age from 1 to 11 years as well as parents of children with developmental disorders (N=116) completed the PMAS. A subset of the participants were retested for reliability and also completed the Children's Eating Behavior Inventory- Korean Version (K-CEBI), which was used for assessing validity. The confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the theoretically-based 8-factor structure of PMAS fit the data well. The PMAS scores suggested acceptable levels of internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Validity was also supported by significant correlations between the K-CEBI scores and the differences in K-PMAS scores between the parents of children with developmental disorders and those of typically developing children. The results of one-way ANOVA showed no significant differences in K-PMAS scores between the genders. However, there were significant differences across ages. The means and standard deviations of the PMAS scale scores are provided. Clinical and research implications as well as limitations are discussed.