• Title/Summary/Keyword: FDT

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Formulation and Evaluation of Sustained Release Preparation of Ibuprofen Fast-Disintegrating Tablet (FDT)

  • Kim, Kwang-Hyeon;Park, Jun-Bom;Kang, Joo-Hyung;Lee, Kun-Hee;Kang, Chin-Yang
    • Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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    • v.41 no.1
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    • pp.51-57
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    • 2011
  • The objective of this study was to enhance the utilitization of Ibuprofen (IBU) by introducing the fast-disintegrating tablet (FDT) form. Presently, IBU is being widely used as a tablet or syrup form. But in contrast to these two formulations, IBU as FDT is not only convenient but also increases the control over the time release of the drug, noted by using Alginate beads. This study was carried out with Sodium Alginate and IBU at the ratios of 1:0, 1:0.5, 1:1, and 1:2 in order to produce a series of beads with different ratios. During the drying process of the beads, talc was added in beads to compare the effects with and without the talc. The final product was scanned with SEM imaging to determine the difference in the surface of the beads. The parameters assessed were the diameter, content assay, dissolution test and effectiveness of time-release. Direct compression method was used to prepare FDT containing IBU bead. The properties of FDT, such as hardness, disintegration time, were investigated. The dissolution profiles of FDT were tested using KP dissolution apparatus 1 (basket method). The results suggest addition of talc and drying the beads made the surface smooth and less vulnerable to clutter into chunks. The size of beads was less than 300 ${\mu}m$ which did not create a sandy feeling in the mouth. Thus, the beads formulation model made the sustained release of the drug possible, the hardness of FDT (1.25~1.50 $Kg/cm^2$) was acceptable and all the values of dissolving period were less than 30 seconds. The dissolution profile of FDT was same as that of IBU bead. The efficient dissolution profile and low price of IBU bead containing Sodium Alginate, the FDT formulation prepared from IBU bead can save the expenses and can improve the convenience of application of this drug.

Modified AWSSDR method for frequency-dependent reverberation time estimation (주파수 대역별 잔향시간 추정을 위한 변형된 AWSSDR 방식)

  • Min Sik Kim;Hyung Soon Kim
    • Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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    • v.15 no.4
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    • pp.91-100
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    • 2023
  • Reverberation time (T60) is a typical acoustic parameter that provides information about reverberation. Since the impacts of reverberation vary depending on the frequency bands even in the same space, frequency-dependent (FD) T60, which offers detailed insights into the acoustic environments, can be useful. However, most conventional blind T60 estimation methods, which estimate the T60 from speech signals, focus on fullband T60 estimation, and a few blind FDT60 estimation methods commonly show poor performance in the low-frequency bands. This paper introduces a modified approach based on Attentive pooling based Weighted Sum of Spectral Decay Rates (AWSSDR), previously proposed for blind T60 estimation, by extending its target from fullband T60 to FDT60. The experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms conventional blind FDT60 estimation methods on the acoustic characterization of environments (ACE) challenge evaluation dataset. Notably, it consistently exhibits excellent estimation performance in all frequency bands. This demonstrates that the mechanism of the AWSSDR method is valuable for blind FDT60 estimation because it reflects the FD variations in the impact of reverberation, aggregating information about FDT60 from the speech signal by processing the spectral decay rates associated with the physical properties of reverberation in each frequency band.

ESTELLE (Extended State Transition Language) 의 소개

  • Jin, Byeong-Mun;In, So-Ran;Gwon, Eun-Hui
    • ETRI Journal
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    • v.7 no.3
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    • pp.49-58
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    • 1985
  • 통신망 프로토콜은 정보통신망의 중추 신경계를 형성하면서 통신망 시스팀을 구성하는 각 부분들과 전체적으로 조화있게 동작하여야 한다. 최근에 이르러 통신망의 규모 및 복잡성이 증대되고 통신망 시스팀을 구성하고 있는 부분적인 시스팀들이 여러 회사에서 생산됨에 따라, 통신망 프로토콜에 대한 규격을 보다 정확한 방식으로 기술하는 것이 필요하게 되었다. 프로토콜을 정확하게 기술하기 위하여는, 통신망 프로토콜을 정확하고 모호하지 않게 표현 할 수 있는 형식 표현 기법(FDT : Formal Description Technique)이 정의되어야 한다. 지금까지 널리 받아들여지고 있는 대표적인 FDT에는 ESTELLE(ISO 422), LOTOS(ISO 423), SDL 및 Petri Net 등이 있으며, 이들 FDT에 관한 연구는 국제 기구인 ISO, CCITT를 중심으로 하여 활발히 진행되고 있다. 본고에서는 ISO 의 subgroup B 를 중심으로 연구되고 있는 FDT인 ESTELLE를 중심으로 하여 ESTELLE의 기본 개념 및 ESTELLE프로그램의 구성에 대하여 소개하고자 한다.

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Various autogenous fresh demineralized tooth forms for alveolar socket preservation in anterior tooth extraction sites: a series of 4 cases

  • Kim, Eun-Suk;Lee, In-Kyung;Kang, Ji-Yeon;Lee, Eun-Young
    • Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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    • v.37
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    • pp.27.1-27.7
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    • 2015
  • The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical relevance of autogenous fresh demineralized tooth (Auto-FDT) prepared at chairside immediately after extraction for socket preservation. Teeth were processed to graft materials in block, chip, or powder types immediately after extraction. Extraction sockets were filled with these materials and dental implants were installed immediately or after a delay. A panoramic radiograph and a conebeam CT were taken. In two cases, tissue samples were taken for histologic examination. Vertical and horizontal maintenance of alveolar sockets showed some variance depending on the Auto-FDT and barrier membrane types used. Radiographs showed good bony healing. Histologic sections showed that it guided good new bone formation and resorption pattern of the Auto-FDT. This case series shows that Auto-FDT prepared at chairside could be a good material for the preservation of extraction sockets. This study will suggest the possibility of recycling autogenous tooth after immediate extraction.

Late-Join and repair schemes in multicasting files by the FLUTE protocol (FLUTE를 이용한 멀티캐스트 파일 전송에서 Late-Join과 파일 복구 방안)

  • Kim Young-Jun;Seong Baek-Dong;Hong Jin-Pyo
    • Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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    • 2006.06d
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    • pp.262-264
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    • 2006
  • 최근 wired 및 wireless 환경에서 멀티미디어 데이터 전송에 대한 수요가 증가하고 있다. 또한 네트워크의 대역폭 효율성을 위해 멀티캐스트 전송이 요구되었고, 신뢰적인 멀티캐스트 전송 프로토콜인 RMT 프로토콜이 등장하게 되었다. FLUTE는 ALC 기반의 어플리케이션으로 LAN 환경 및 3GPP 및 DVB-H에서 멀티캐스트 콘텐츠 전송을 위해 사용하고 있다. FLUTE는 동일한 멀티캐스트 세션에서 FDT 인스턴스를 전송한 후에 콘텐츠를 전송한다. 그러나 FDT 인스턴스를 수신하지 못하면 콘텐츠를 수신할 수 없기 때문에, FDT 인스턴스 전송 이전에 멀티캐스트 세션에 Join해야 하는 문제가 발생한다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제를 해결하는 FLUTE을 이용한 멀티캐스트 콘텐츠 전송에서 Late-Join과 Late-Join 시 파일 복구 방안을 제안하였다.

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Design and Implementation of a Support Environment for Communication Software Development based on Formal Methods (형식적 방법론을 이용한 통신 소프트웨어 개발 지원 환경의 설계와 구현)

  • Lee, Eun-Seok
    • The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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    • v.5 no.6
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    • pp.1537-1551
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    • 1998
  • 금후의 고도의 정보화 사회에서 발샐할 다양한 형태의 시스템 요구와 기대에 능동적이고도, 효과적으로 대처해 나가기 위해서는 보다 체계적인 컴퓨터 통신 소프트웨어 개발 방법론의 정비와 확립이 절실히 요구되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 (1)종래의 형식적 기술 기법보다 사용자 친화성(user-friendliness)이 높은 표현 기법으로 통합형 에디터의 제공, (2)(1)에서의 새로운 표현 기법으로부터 국제 표준의 형식적 기술 기법인 LOTOS로의 자동변환법의 제공, (3)형식사양 수준에서의 소프트웨어 재사용의 방법론을 제공한다. 그 결과, 사용자는 특정 FDT(Formal Description Technique)에 대한 깊은 지식이나 충분한 사용 경험이 없어도 시스템에 대한 깊은 지식이나 충분한 사용 경험이 없어도 시스템에 대한 구조적 요구와 동작요구, 데이터요구만 가지고 최종적으로 원하는 형식사양을 생성해 낼 수 있다. 이는 특정 FDT를 직접적으로 이용하는 것 보다 상대적으로 초기 학습의 부담이 적고 기술과 이해가 용이하다.

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A Fuzzy Decision Tree for Data Mining (데이터 마이닝을 위한 퍼지 결정트리)

  • 이중근;민창우;김명원
    • Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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    • 1998.10c
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    • pp.63-65
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    • 1998
  • 사회 전 분야에서 데이터가 폭발적으로 증가함에 따라 데이터를 이해하고 분석하는 새로운 자동적이고 지능적인 데이터 분석 도구와 기술이 필요하게 되었다. KDD(Knowledge Discovery in Databases)는 이러한 필요로부터 데이터에서 유용하고 이해 가능한 지식을 추출하는 연구이다. 데이터 마이닝(Data Mining)은 KDD에서 가장 중요한 단계로 데이터로부터 지식을 추출하는 단계이다. 데이터 마이닝에서 생성된 지식은 좋은 분류율을 가져야하고 이해하기 쉬워야한다. 본 논문에서는 퍼지 결정트리(FDT : Fuzzy Decision Tree)에 기반한 효율적인 데이터 마이닝 알고리즘을 제안한다. FDT의 각 링크는 속성(attribute) 값을 갖는 퍼지 집합이며, EDT의 각 경로는 퍼지 규칙을 생성한다. 제안된 알고리즘은 ID3의 이해성과 퍼지이론의 추론과 표현력을 결합한 방법으로 히스토그램에 이루어진다. 마지막으로 제안된 방법의 타당성을 검증하기 위해 표준적인 패턴 분류 벤치마크 데이터에 대한 실험 결과를 보인다.

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DEVELOPMENT OF FAST-DISSOLVING TABLET(FDT) CONTAINING ONDANSETRON HYDROCHLORIDE ($Onseran^{TM}$)

  • Joo, Soo-Yeon;Park, Young-Joon;Kang, Dae-Sik;Kim, Hyun-Soo;Lee, Jong-Wook;Choi, Kyong-Up;Bok, Hae-Sook;Song, Geun-Seog;Choi, Yong
    • Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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    • 2002.10a
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    • pp.414.1-414.1
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    • 2002
  • To improve the compliance of oral administration of drugs in cancer patients, who are unable to swallow tablets, FDT containing ondansetron HCI($Onseran^{TM}$) was developed with a low-cost manufacturing process. $Onseran^{TM}$ was prepared from ondansetron. mannitol, crospovidone. and others with a direct compression method. The disintegration time and dissolution rate of $Onseran^{TM}$ were assessed according to the USP method. The results were compared with those of the reference drug ($Zofran^{TM}$). (omitted)

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Trabecular bone Thickness Measurement of Rat Femurs using Zoom-in Micro-tomography and 3D Fuzzy Distance Transform (Zoom-in Micro-tomography와 3차원 Fuzzy Distance Transform을 이용한 쥐 대퇴부의 해면골 두께 측정)

  • Park, Jeong-Jin;Cho, Min-Hyoung;Lee, Soo-Yeol
    • Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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    • v.27 no.4
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    • pp.189-196
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    • 2006
  • Micro computed tomography (micro-CT) has been used for in vivo animal study owing to its noninvasive and high spatial resolution capability. However, the sizes of existing detectors for micro-CT systems are too small to obtain whole-body images of a small animal object with $\sim$10 micron resolution and a part of its bones or other organs should be extracted. So, we have introduced the zoom-in micro-tomography technique which can obtain high-resolution images of a local region of an live animal object without extracting samples. In order to verify our zoom-in technique, we performed in vivo animal bone study. We prepared some SD (Sprague-Dawley) rats for making osteoporosis models. They were divided into control and ovariectomized groups. Again, the ovariectomized group is divided into two groups fed with normal food and with calcium-free food. And we took 3D tomographic images of their femurs with 20 micron resolution using our zoom-in tomography technique and observed the bone changes for 12 weeks. We selected ROI (region of interest) of a femur image and applied 2D FDT (fuzzy distance transform) to measure the trabecular bone thickness. The measured results showed obvious bone changes and big differences between control and ovariectomized groups. However, we found that the reliability of the measurement depended on the selection of ROI in a bone image for thickness calculation. So, we extended the method to 3D FDT technique. We selected 3D VOI (volume of interest) in the obtained 3D tomographic images and applied 3D FDT algorithm. The results showed that the 3D technique could give more accurate and reliable measurement.