• Proceedings of the Korean Society For Composite Materials Conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.17-20
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• 2005

In-situ structural health monitoring of filament wound pressure tanks were conducted during water-pressurizing test using embedded fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors. We need to monitor inner strains during working in order to verify the health condition of pressure tanks more accurately because finite element analyses on filament wound pressure tanks usually show large differences between inner and outer strains. Fiber optic sensors, especially FBG sensors can be easily embedded into the composite structures contrary to conventional electric strain gages (ESGs). In addition, many FBG sensors can be multiplexed in single optical fiber using wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) techniques. We fabricated a standard testing and evaluation bottle (STEB) with embedded FBG sensors and performed a water-pressurizing test. In order to increase the survivability of embedded FBG sensors, we suggested a revised fabrication process for embedding FBG sensors into a filament wound pressure tank, which includes a new protecting technique of sensor heads, the grating parts. From the experimental results, it was demonstrated that FBG sensors can be successfully adapted to filament wound pressure tanks for their structural health monitoring by embedding.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.229-230
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• 2009

This paper carried out the early age autogenous shrinkage research of large scaled HPC column specimens by embedded Fiber Bragg-Grating (FBG) strain sensor. Temperature compensation for FBG strain sensor by thermocouple was also attempted.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.625-631
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• 2017

In the fields of civil engineering and seismology, it is essential to detect and tracking the vibrations, and the fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) are typically used as sensors to measure vibrations. Where, one of the most popular and detailed approaches to use FBGs as vibration sensors involves the use of cantilever beam designs, which adds a mass to measure low and moderate frequencies (from 20 Hz up to 1 kHz) with high sensitivities (greater than 10 pm/g). The design consists of a bending strain in the cantilever that is simultaneously transferred to the FBG, resulting in a shift in the wavelength that is proportional to the strain experienced by the cantilever. In this work, we present the experimental results of a vibration sensor design using a cantilever beam to generate an axial uniform strain in the FBG in-line with the vertical axis, which modifies the cantilever's natural frequency that allows the sensor to have a wide frequency broadband without losing sensitivity. This sensor achieved a sensitivity of about 339 pm/g and a natural frequency of 227.3 Hz. The presented design compared with the traditional cantilever beam-based FBG vibration sensors, has the advantages of a simple design for detection on vibration-sensitive structures and its physical parameters can be easily modified in order to satisfy the requirements of the desired vibration measurements.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.135-139
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• 2001

This paper describes a string resonator that is used for the interrogation system of a Fiber Bragg Grating(FBG) strain sensor. The strain on the fiber piece is calculated from the measured frequency based on that the natural frequency of a string is a function of the applied absolute strain. Existing research considered a fiber as a string, but a fiber is not a string in the strict sense due to its bending stiffness, thus the fiber should be modeled as a beam accompanied with an axial force. In the vibration modeling, the relationship between the strain and the natural frequency is derived, and then the resonance condition is described in terms of both the phase and the mode shape for sustaining resonant motion. Several experiments verify the effectiveness of the proposed model of the fiber. The performance of the string resonator is analyzed by measuring the frequency change according to the applied strains in the dynamic range of 1100$\mu\varepsilon$ referred to the displacement from capacitance sensor. From the experimental results, the implemented string resonator provides the accuracy of $\pm$3$\mu\varepsilon$, the quasi-static resolution of ~0.1$\mu\varepsilon$(rms) which amount to be $\pm$0.17$\mu\textrm{m}$ and ~6nm respectively, in case of fiber length of 56mm. For a dynamic strain, it can provide the accuracy of ~3$\mu\varepsilon$ until the frequency comes to 8Hz. As a consequence, the string resonator proposed for FBG sensor provides the high accuracy and the high resolution in strain measurement, and also it is expecting to be used, for the application, to not only strain but also displacement measuring device.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.509-514
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• 2001

The Fibre-optic Bragg grating (FBG) sensor is broadly accepted as a structural health monitoring device for Fibre reinforced plastic (FRP) materials by either embedding into or bonding onto the structures. The accuracy of the strain measured by using the FBG sensor is highly dependent on the bonding characteristics among the bare optical fibre, protective coating, adhesive layer and host material. In general, the signal extracted from the embedded FBG sensor should reflect the straining condition of the host structure. This paper presents a theoretical model to evaluate the differential strains between the bare fibre and host material with different adhesive thickness and modulus of the protective coating of the embedded FBG sensor.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.149-152
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• 2008

FBG sensor system is applied to the concrete lining structure in Taegu subway. Near the structure, the power cable tunnel construction started. We wanted to measure the deformation of the structure due to the construction by the FBG sensor. The applied sensor has the gauge length of 1 meter to overcome the inhomogeneity of the concrete material with enough length. In order to fix tightly to the structure, the partially stripped parts of the sensor glued to the package and slip phenomenon between fiber and acrylate jacket was prevented. Prestrain of the sensor was imposed by controlling the two fixed points with bolts and nuts in order to measure compressive strain as well as tensile strain. The behavior of subway lining structure could be monitored very well

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.25 no.10
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• pp.31-40
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• 2009

As the measurement of strain-gage type cone penetrometer is influenced by the temperature change during penetration, the temperature is a factor producing an error of the cone tip resistance. In this study, the 0.5 mm diameter temperature transducer and 7 mm diameter micro cone penetrometer are manufactured by using FBG sensors to evaluate the effect of temperature on the cone tip resistance. Design concepts include the cone configuration, sensor installation and the temperature compensation process. The test shows that the tip resistance measured by strain gauge is affected by the temperature change. The error of the tip resistance increases with an increase in temperature change, while the temperature effect on the tip resistance of FBG cone is effectively compensated by using FBG temperature transducer. Temperature compensated tip resistance of the strain gauge cone shows the good matched profile with FBG cone which performs real-time temperature compensation during penetration. This study demonstrates that the temperature compensation by using FBG sensor is an effective method to produce the more reliable cone tip resistance.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.33-38
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• 2007

This paper reports an attempt to develop 7-wire steel tendon which is instrumented with optical FBG sensors. The tendon is devised to replace the king cable, which is located in the center of the tendon, by a steel tube in which the FBG sensor are attached along the hole using a high-mobility polyester resin. The circular steel tube has typical of 5 mm outer diameter and 1 mm inner diameter, and can easily be manufactured by means of an pultrusion process. Using the tube, in this study, three different types of one meter-long smart tendons are fabricated depending on mixture ratio of polyester resin and initiator. The performance of the FBG sensors as well as mechanical characteristics of the prototype are tested through the tensile test. Test results shows that the proposed smart tendon is in principle very effective for measuring the working strain of the tendon.

• Composites Research
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.152-157
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• 2014

Non-destructive testing methods of composite materials are very important for improving material reliability and safety. AE measurement is based on the detection of microscopic surface movements from stress waves in a material during the fracture process. The examination of AE is a useful tool for the sensitive detection and location of active damage in polymer and composite materials. FBG (Fiber Bragg Grating) sensors have attracted much interest owing to the important advantages of optical fiber sensing. Compared to conventional electronic sensors, fiber-optical sensors are known for their high resolution and high accuracy. Furthermore, they offer important advantages such as immunity to electromagnetic interference, and electrically passive operation. In this paper, the crack detection capability of AE (Acoustic Emission) measurement was compared with that of an FBG sensor under tensile testing and buckling test of composite materials. The AE signals of the PVDF sensor were measured and an AE signal analyzer, which had a low pass filter and a resonance filter, was designed and fabricated. Also, the wavelength variation of the FBG sensor was measured and its strain was calculated. Calculated strains were compared with those determined by finite element analysis.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.519-526
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• 2003

In this paper, a Fiber Bragg Grating (FRG) sensor system is described and FBGs are well-suited for long term and extremely severe experiments, where traditional strain gauges fail. In the system, a reflect wave-length measurement method which employs a tunable light source to find out the center wave-length of FBG sensor is used. We apply the FBG system to nuclear energy Power Plant for structural integrity test to measure the displacement of the structure under designed pressure and to check the elasticity of the structure by measuring the residual strain. The system works very well and it is expected that it can be used for a real-time strain. temperature and vibration detector of smart structure.