• Review of KIISC
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.57-64
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• 2021

기존의 공개키 암호가 양자 알고리즘에 취약함이 밝혀지고 양자컴퓨터의 개발이 현실화됨에 따라 NIST는 미연방표준 양자 내성 암호 공모전을 실시하고 있다. FALCON은 공모전 Round 3까지 통과한 전자서명 알고리즘으로 서명 및 검증 속도가 빠르고 공개키 및 서명 길이가 짧다는 장점이 있다. 하지만 FALCON은 부동소수점 연산 등 특별한 구조로 설계되어 새로운 형태의 부채널 공격이 존재할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 FALCON에 대한 세 가지 전력 분석 공격의 가능성을 제시한다. 또한 주어진 공격을 활용하여 개인키를 복원하는 방안에 대해서 제시한다.

• Review of KIISC
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.15-26
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• 2023

쇼어 알고리즘으로 기존의 공개키 암호 시스템이 무력화될 수 있음이 밝혀지면서 양자 컴퓨팅 환경에서도 안전한 격자기반 PQC(Post Quantum Cryptography)가 대두되고 있다. FALCON은 NIST PQC 공모전 표준 후보로 최종 선정된 기법으로 fast fourier 트랩도어 샘플러(trapdoor sampler)를 이용한 hash-and-sign 구조의 격자 기반 서명이다. FALCON은 공개키와 서명의 크기가 작고 안전성이 높지만, 구현이 어렵고 빠르지 않다. KpqC(Korea PQC) 공모전에 제출된 Peregrine과 SOLMAE는 FALCON의 샘플링 방식을 바꾸어 효율성을 개선하였으나, 그로 인해 안전성 손실이 발생한다. 본 논문에서는 Peregrine과 SOLMAE를 분석하고 FALCON과 함께 비교하며 한계점과 향후 개선할 부분에 대해서 제시한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2023.11a
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• pp.40-43
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• 2023

FALCON 알고리즘은 격자기반 서명 체계로 서명 길이 및 공개키가 짧고, 서명 생성/검증 속도가 빠르다는 장점이 있다. 하지만 Fast Fourier Transform(FFT), discrete Gaussian sampling과 같은 리소스가 많이 사용되는 연산이 활용되기 때문에 최적화 연구가 필요하다. 최근에는 병렬처리 및 파이프라인 기법을 활용할 수 있는 하드웨어를 통한 최적화 및 ARM 아키텍쳐의 병렬 처리 유닛을 활용하고 메모리 접근 방식을 최소화하는 방법들이 연구되고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 FALCON 알고리즘 대상 최적화 연구 동향과 그 결과를 분석하고 향후 추가적으로 필요한 FALCON 최적화 구현 방안에 대해서 기술한다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.72-86
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• 2019

SpaceX is currently leading the global launch market with the successful launch and recovery of Falcon 9 v1.2 Block 5. SpaceX developed Merlin engine, a kerosene gas generator engine, and continuously upgraded the engine from Falcon 1 to Falcon Heavy to increase payload weight. SpaceX suffered a lot of failures early on, but with the help of NASA, it was possible to overcome many crises and develop vehicles. In addition, it successfully developed reusable vehicles, which drastically reduced operating costs. Subsequent launch vehicles in Korea also need to be developed with reference to SpaceX's development strategy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.32-42
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• 2022

The strategy to develop a launch vehicle family by bundling multiple rocket engines of a single type has been proven by SpaceX and their reusable fleet comprised of Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy. In this study, we revisit a potential launch vehicle family out of a 35 tonf-class methalox staged combustion cycle engine and evaluate their utility and performance in various space missions. For example, a Korean version of Falcon 9 can deliver 4.7 tons of payload into 500 km SSO in an expendable mode while the payload is reduced to 2.16 tons in a sea-landing reusable mode. A Korean version of Falcon Heavy can deliver 4.4 tons into GTO when launched from the Naro Space Center, indicating that this common booster core configuration can handle Cheollian 2 albeit the high inclination. Once developed, the same methaloax engine can power the first-stage of smallsat launch vehicles and air launch vehicles.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2023.11a
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• pp.252-256
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• 2023

쇼어 알고리즘을 실행할 수 있는 양자 컴퓨터의 발전으로 인해 기존 ECC(Elliptic Curve Cryptography)를 사용하던 블록체인이 PQC(Post Quantum Cryptography)로의 전환을 고려하고 있다. 하지만 PQC 는 기존 암호에 비해 큰 사이즈, 느린 서명/검증 속도 등과 같은 문제점이 존재한다. 본 논문에서는 우리가 WISA'23 에서 새롭게 제안한 PQ-DPoL 합의 알고리즘에 NIST(National Institute of Standards and Technology)가 선정한 Crystal-Dilithium, Falcon 그리고 Sphincs+를 적용하여 비교 분석하였다. 실험 결과에 따르면, 매우 큰 서명 크기를 가지고 있기 때문에 블록에 담기는 트랜잭션의 수가 감소하므로 Sphincs+의 성능이 가장 떨어짐을 확인하였다. 또한 Dilithium 은 Falcon 과 비슷한 성능을 보여주었다. 그 중에서도 Falcon 이 가장 우수한 성능을 보여주었다. 이는 Falcon 의 공개키와 서명의 크기가 다른 알고리즘에 비해 작기 때문이다. 따라서 양자내성을 갖는 블록체인에는 Falcon 512 알고리즘이 가장 적합할 것으로 생각된다. 그러나 블록체인의 속도와 보안 강도는 Trade-off 관계이므로 보안성을 중요시하는 블록체인 네트워크에서는 Sphincs+가 적합할 수 있을 것으로 보인다. 따라서 블록체인 네트워크의 상황과 목적에 따라 적절한 알고리즘을 사용해야 될 것으로 생각된다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.728-744
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• 2024

The presence of hydrogen absorbed by zirconium-based cladding materials during reactor operation can trigger degradation mechanisms and endanger the rod integrity. Ensuring the durability of the rods in extended time-frames like dry storage requires anticipating hydrogen behavior using numerical modeling. In this context, the present paper describes a hydrogen post-processing tool for Falcon - HYPE, a PSI's in-house tool able to calculate hydrogen uptake, transport, thermochemistry, reorientation of hydrides and hydrogen-related failure criteria. The tool extracts all necessary data from a Falcon output file; therefore, it can be considered loosely coupled to Falcon. HYPE has been successfully validated against experimental data and applied to reactor operation and interim storage scenarios to present its capabilities.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.48 no.10
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• pp.745-752
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• 2020

A numerical study was carried out to evaluate the aerodynamic characteristics of the supersonic grid fins installed on SpaceX Falcon 9. The unit-grid-fin concept was utilized for more efficient and simpler 3-D steady flow calculations. Pre- and post-correction processes that accounted the interference effects by the angle of attack of the missile, the influences of the outer frame of the grid fin and the connecting rods were improved in the study, and it was demonstrated that the present correction method was more accurate as compared to previous studies. Finally, the present approach was applied to evaluate the aerodynamic characteristics in transonic/supersonic flights of SpaceX Falcon 9 with various angle of attacks.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.9C no.4
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• pp.467-472
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• 2002

Recently, Networks are required to adopt the security system and security consulting because of security threats and vulnerabilities of systems. Enterprise Security Management (ESM) is a system which establishes the security zone composed of security systems and Firewalls and applies the security policy to each security system. A relevant ESM is based on the effective policy and the proper security system. Particularly, multiple firewalls in ESM are concerned with the security policy about each traffic. In this paper, we describe the problems that can be occurred when we select the firewalls to apply security policy of access control in ESM composed of multiple firewalls and propose the FALCON algorithm, which is able to select the firewalis to apply the policy. We expect that FALCON algorithm offers stability, scalability and compactness for selecting firewall set.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.193-201
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• 2022

Subgroups of sperm which share similar motility features documented in mammals indicate between-subject variations that might be related to fertilizing potential of the respective ejaculates. The objectives of this study were to define subpopulations of motile sperm in Gyr falcon semen using kinematic parameters driven by Computer Assisted Semen Analysis (CASA) and to investigate the subject-related variations in these subpopulations. A total of 24 fresh ejaculates from 6 falcons were used to assign each of the 20473 sperms into 3 subpopulations by a multivariate cluster analysis. The proportion of sperms in different sub-populations were compared among subjects by a generalized linear model and repeatability of sperm frequency in different subpopulations was investigated by corelation analysis. The resulting 3 categories of sperm indicated significant differences in all kinematic parameters (p < 0.05). Subpopulation 1 (15.91%) contained sperms with the highest velocity and progressiveness of movement trajectory while subpopulation 3 (6.4%) included the least progressively motile sperms. Proportion of rapid and medium progressive sperm were consistently higher in the ejaculate of three falcons compared to the two other birds which also had the highest proportion of slow non-progressive sperms (p < 0.05). Respective proportion of sperms in each subpopulations indicated significant repeatability over multiple measurements (p < 0.05). In conclusion, subpopulations of motile sperm in Gyr falcon can be identified using kinematic parameters generated by CASA. Individual differences in the proportion of these subpopulations might have potential application for identifying the males with higher fertilizing capacity.