• Animal cells and systems
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.271-275
• /
• 2002

Rph1 and Gisl are damage-responsive repressors involved in PHR1 expression. They have two $C_{2}$H/ sub 2/ zinc finger motifs as putative DNA binding domains and N-terminal conserved domain with unknown function. They are also found in the human retinoblastoma binding protein 2 and the mouse jumonji- encoded protein. The repressors are able to bind to A $G_{4}$ sequence within a 39-bp sequence called upstream repressing sequence of PHR1 promoter (UR $S_{PHR1}$) responsible for the damage-response of PHR1. We report here that Rph1 is predominantly localized in the nucleus as examined by fluorescence microscopic analysis with GFP-Rph1 fusion protein. On the basis of the fact that the A $G_{4}$ sequence that is recognized by Rph1 and Gisl is also recognized by Msn2 and Msn4 in a process of stress response, we a1so tried to examine the in vivo function of A $G_{4}$ and the role of Msn2 and Msn4 in PHR1 expression. Our results demonstrate that Msn2 and Msn4 are actually required for the basal transcription of PHR1 expression but not for its damage induction. When A $G_{4}$ sequence was inserted into the minimal promoter of the cyc1-LacZ reporter, the increased LacZ expression was observed indicating its involvement in transcriptional activation. The data suggest that the A $G_{4}$ is primarily required for basal transcriptional activation of PHR1 or CYC1 promoter through the possible involvement of Msn2 and Msn4. However, since the A $G_{4}$ is also involved in the repression of PHR1 via Rphl and Gisl, it is proposed that A $G_{4}$ functions as either URS or upstream activating sequence (UAS) depending on the promoter context.t.

• Advances in nano research
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.241-248
• /
• 2019

Recent researches demonstrated well promising anticancer activities for antibiotics. Such effects would be significantly increased while nanoparticle based delivery systems were applied. In this study, the goal was aim to improve anticancer and antitoxic effects of Streptomycin by loading on special kind of dendrimer (anionic-linear-globular second generation). In the current study, Size and zeta potential as well as AFM techniques have been used to prove the fact that the loading was performed correctly. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of the drug loaded on dendrimer nanoparticle were determined and compared with both of dendrimer alone and free drug with respect to staphylococcus aureus as the test microorganism. The anticancer activity among three groups including Streptomycin, Streptomycin -G2 dendrimer, and control was measured in vitro. In vitro studies showed that G2 anionic linear-globular polyethylene-glycol-based dendrimer, which loaded on Streptomycin was able to significantly improve the treatment efficacy over clinical Streptomycin alone with respect to proliferation assay. Maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was calculated to be $257{\mu}g/mL$ for streptomycin alone and $55{\mu}g/mL$ for Streptomycin -G2 dendrimer. In addition, Streptomycin -G2 dendrimer conjugate prevented the growth of MCF-7 cancerous cells in addition to enhance the number of apoptotic and necrotic cells as demonstrated by an annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate assay. Streptomycin -G2 dendrimer conjugate was able to increase Bcl-2/Bax ratio in a large scale compared with the control group and Streptomycin alone. Based on results a new drug formulation based nano-particulate was improved against S. aureus with sustained release and enhanced antibacterial activity as well as anticancer activity shown for functional cancer treatment with low side effects.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• v.21 no.6
• /
• pp.513-525
• /
• 2020

Slopes stabilised with piles are seldom analysed considering uncertainties in the parameters of the pile-slope system. Reliability analysis of the pile-slope system quantifies the degree of uncertainties and evaluates the safety of the system. In the present study, the reliability analysis of a slope stabilised with piles is performed using the first-order reliability method (FORM) based on Hasofer-Lind approach. The implicit performance function associated with the factor of safety (FS) of the slope is approximated using the response surface method. The analyses are carried out considering the design matrices formulated based on both the 2^k factorial design augmented with a centre run (2^k fact-centred design) and face-centered cube design (FCD). The finite element method is used as the deterministic model to compute the FS of the pile-slope system. Results are compared with the results of the Monte Carlo simulation. It is observed that the optimum location of the row of piles is at the middle of the slope to achieve the maximum FS. The results show that the reliability of the system is not uniform for different pile configurations, even if the system deterministically satisfies the target factor of safety (FS_t) criterion. The FS_t should be selected judiciously as it is observed that the reliability of the system changes drastically with the FS_t level. The results of the 2^k fact-centred design and FCD are in good agreement with each other. The procedure of the FCD is computationally costly and hence the use of 2^k fact-centred design is recommended, provided the response of the system is sufficiently linear over the factorial space.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
• /
• v.29
• /
• pp.25-53
• /
• 2012

The attitude of observer in the painting of history is to exclude a prejudice and a subjective view of an artist and to introduce a photograph, which is a record of objectivity, in the process of painting. Its ultimate intent is to redescribe the fact of an event's image intactly without any prejudice and to represent the event as a proven evidence that it was. The representation of history based on fact had already been conceived in imagination of renowned artists such as Francisco Goya or $Th{\acute{e}}odore$ $G{\acute{e}}ricault$ even before cameras were invented. What they portrayed was their own truth of reality which is gained through their observation, not a history that have corresponded to political ideologies, for all reliance on a limited tool of representation, painting. Furthermore, history was necessary for 19th century impressionism artists to be represented under proven fact in a neutral perspective excluding all subjective prejudice, not based on the representation with imagination. Edouard Manet in particular reconstited an instant moment on the basis of real proof of photograph without personal prejudice or opinion as if today's photojournalism. The catastrophic series by Andy Warhol and the photographic painting by Gerhard Richter show another role of painting in the realm of art, each of them implying information distortion and abuse by current media and intentional deformation toward history as Manet's painting of history. Today, the representation of an historical event that we experience in the era of the Internet and social networks having a great deal of information already came to be the exclusive property of the cutting edge mass media. Nevertheless, the attitude of observer which is realistic and contemplative in the realm of art is the crucial point in terms of artists' act as ever.

• Women's Health Nursing
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.290-298
• /
• 2007

Purpose: This study was to measure the quality of life(QOL) and to identify the related factors in gynecological cancer patients during chemotherapy. Method: The subjects of this study were the patients who had undergone a hysterectomy and were admitted for chemotherapy at S university hospital between November 2006 and April 2007. Data was collected from 106 gynecological cancer patients with the use of a structured questionnaire which measured the QOL(FACT-G), body image, the presence of anxiety & depression, uncertainty, and family support. The data was analyzed by the SPSS win 12.0 program. Results: The mean FACT-total score was 62.1$({\pm}16.7)$ (range; 26-107). Positive correlations were found between QOL and body image(r= .67, p= .00), and QOL and family support(r= .32, p= .00), whereas there were negative correlations between QOL and anxiety(r= -.54, p= .00), QOL and depression(r= -.70, p= .00), and QOL and uncertainty(r= -.59, p= .00). Fifty seven pre cent of the variance in subjective overall QOL can be explained by depression, body image, and uncertainty(Adj $R^2$= .57, F=47.00, p= .00). Conclusion: Our patients had a relatively low QOL score. Factors significantly affecting quality of life were depression, body image and uncertainty. Nursing interventions, therefore, should be focused on improving QOL in gynecological cancer patients during chemotherapy, particularly so in patients with depression, uncertainty or poor body image.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.50-55
• /
• 1998

Antigenic potential of a recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) produced by Dong-A charm. Co. Ltd. was examined by active systemic anaphylaxis (ASA) test in guinea pigs, mouse-rat passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reaction and passive hemagglutination (PHA) test. In ASA test, rhEPO induced the signs of restlessness, rubbing or licking nose, sneezing and coughing in the animals immunized with rhEPO 1000 lU/kg alone or rhEPO 1000 lU/kg incorporated into Freund\\\\`s complete adjuvant. In the mouse-rat PCA test, only one of six sera from the animals immunized with rhEPO 1000 lUng incorporated into Alum showed positive result. In the PHA test, rhEPO revealed negative results in all of the rhEPO-immunized groups. From these results, rhEPO was considered to produce IgE in guinea pigs and mice, but not IgG and/or IsM in mice. The results of this study were similar to those of the other recombinant human erythropoietin and these positive results were thought to be caused due to the fact that rhEPO were heterogeneous proteins to guinea pigs and mice. Considering the fact that rhErO has an identical structure with indigenous human erythropoietin, rhEPO is not thought to cause immunological problems in clinical use.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.251-257
• /
• 1996

The present paper represents the results of development and first experimental tests of a new ionized cluster beam (ICB) source. The novelty of ICB source lies in the fact that the crucible and ionization parts are spaced in one cylindrical shell but are not divided in an electric circuit. The ICB source adapts permanent magnets to increase the ionization efficiency. The maximum obtained $Cu^+$ ion current denisity is $1.5{\mu}A/\textrm{cm}^2$, therewith the ionization rate amounts 3% under deposition rate is 0.2$\AA$/s and the acceleration voltage is 4 kV, the $Cu^+$ ion beam uniformity is better than 95%.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.117-124
• /
• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess pain, sleep disturbance, fatigue, and the quality of life and to identify the impact of pain, sleep disturbance and fatigue on the quality of life in patients with pancreatic cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Methods: Data were collected from June to July, 2010. Participants were recruited from Y university hospital in Seoul. Research instruments included numeric rating scale for pain, Functional Assessment Chronic Illness Therapy-Functional Well-Being (FACIT-FWB): General Factor 5 (GF5) for sleep disturbance, Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G) for quality of life, and FACT-Fatigue for fatigue. Results: The quality of life for cancer patients had a significant relationship with pain, sleep disturbance, and fatigue. The significant factors influencing quality of life were pain, sleep disturbance, and fatigue that explained 52.6% of the variance. Conclusion: Patients with pancreatic cancer undergoing chemotherapy experienced pain, fatigue, and sleep disturbance which led to a negative effect on quality of life. The results suggest that intervention program to improve quality of life could reduce pain, fatigue, and sleep disturbance of pancreatic cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.323-344
• /
• 1999

First, having noticed that the paper on which the Mugujongkyong from the Sokgat'ap was Broussonetia Kazinoki Siebold, produced under the Tochim process, it is confirmed that the paper used for printing the Mugujongkyong form the Sokgat'ap was Broussonetia Kazinoki Siebold produced in Shilla, by introducing the common fact that the papers on which : written in 755 A.D.) and in Soochung-sokt'ap Hwaomasa were written were the same paper fabricated by the Tochim process. Therefore it is proved that the printing place of the Mugujongkyong from the Sokgat'ap was also Kyongju region in Shilla. Furthermore it is proved that the year of storing Broussonetia kazinoki Siebold n which tarani of the Mugujongkyong was written was circa 705 A.D., provin12g that Broussonetia Kazinoki Siebold was in production in Shilla in 8th Century. Also by confirming the fact that very thin -- mere 0.019mm thick -- Broussonetia Kazinoki Siebold was in production in Shilla in 8th Century, it is proved that Shilla has ability to produce Broussonetia Kazinoki Siebold for Woodblock printing purpose. Second, concerning the Muju Characters written in the ugujongkyong from the Sokgat'ap, mixed use of the Muju Characters was noticeable in written in 755 A.D. from the Sooch'ungsokt'ap at the Hwaomsa written in the same era and the Tripitaka Koreana in Japan was printed in 690's A.D. because of appearance of the Muju Characters in the Saddhamapun-darika is erroneous.

• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• v.9 no.5
• /
• pp.999-1028
• /
• 2015

Despite the fact that the fundamental period appears to be one of the most critical parameters for the seismic design of structures according to the modal superposition method, the so far available in the literature proposals for its estimation are often conflicting with each other making their use uncertain. Furthermore, the majority of these proposals do not take into account the presence of infills walls into the structure despite the fact that infill walls increase the stiffness and mass of structure leading to significant changes in the fundamental period numerical value. Toward this end, this paper presents a detailed and indepth analytical investigation on the parameters that affect the fundamental period of reinforce concrete structure. The calculated values of the fundamental period are compared against those obtained from the seismic code and equations proposed by various researchers in the literature. From the analysis of the results it has been found that the number of storeys, the span length, the stiffness of the infill wall panels, the location of the soft storeys and the soil type are crucial parameters that influence the fundamental period of RC buildings.