• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.106 no.4
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• pp.417-423
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• 2017

To provide a ecological restoration strategy considering genetic diversity of Abies koreana in Mt. Jiri, the genetic diversity and the genetic differentiation among sub-populations such as Banyabong, Byeoksoryeong, and Cheonwangbong were investigated. The average number of alleles (A) was 7.8, the average number of effective alleles ($A_e$) was 4.9, observed heterozygosity ($H_o$) was 0.578, and expected heterozygosity ($H_e$) was 0.672, respectively. The level of genetic diversity within sub-populations ($H_e=0.672$) was lower than those of both population ($H_e=0.778$) and species ($H_e=0.759$) level. However, the level of genetic diversity was high compared those of Genus Abies. Genetic differentiation was 0.014 from F-statistics ($F_{ST}$) and was 0.004 from AMOVA analysis (${\Phi}_{ST}$). There was no almost genetic differentiation among sub-populations in Mt. Jiri from bayesian clustering. Therefore, If the seeds are sampled sufficiently by selecting the parameters from three sub-populations, it is possible that we could obtain genetically appropriate materials for ecological restoration.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.39 no.6 s.105
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• pp.907-921
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• 2004

Lots of characteristics such as dwelling, neighborhood, and accessibility characteristics affect to the housevalue. Many researches have been done to identify values of each characteristic using hedonic technique. However, there is a limit to identify interaction of each characteristic and variation of each characteristic among the accessibility context. This paper has implemented the Expansion Method research paradigm to model the housevalue determination process in the city of Seoul. The findings of this paper have revealed the presence of contextual variations in the housevalue determination process. The initial model for housevalue reveals that as $F_1$ increases (i.e., larger the number of rooms/bathrooms, larger parking space) and/or $F_2$ increases (i.e., higher owner occupied housing units, higher apartment housing units) and/or $F_3$ increases, (i.e., higher the ratio of higher than college graduated households, 8 school zone, older housing units) the estimated housevalue increases. However, the above relationships drift across their respective contexts. The houses which have negative $F_1$ value, the housevalue does not fluctuate according to the distance to the city center or subcenters. However, the houses which have positive $F_1$ value, the closer to the subcenters or shorter to the river, the higher the estimated housevalues. On the other hand, in areas far from the subcenters, the estimated housevalues does not fluctuate much according to the corresponding $F_2$ level. In areas close to the subcenters, the estimated housevalues vary tremendously according to the $F_2$ value. In the residual analysis, it is revealed that large apartment which are located in Kangnam, IchongDong, MokDong are underestimated. This paper has contributed to our understanding of the housevalue determination process by providing an alternative conceptualization to the traditional approach.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.65-73
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• 2010

No systematic study has examined the relationship between acoustic variability and /w/-deletion in Korean. Most previous studies on /w/-deletion have described /w/-variants in categorical terms, i.e., /w/-deletion or a full glide (Silva 1991; Kang 1997; Yun 2005). These studies are based either on impressionistic judgements without a systematic acoustic analysis or on an exclusive examination of internal acoustic variability of /w/ such as F2, without examining the availability of external acoustic cues such as voice onset time (VOT) of a consonant. However, given the important influence of the adjacent sounds for segmental realizations, it is necessary to examine possible acoustic variability in the differentiation of /w/-variants. The present study aims to address this issue by evaluating the acoustic properties of /CwV/, including VOT and formant transitions. In the analysis, 432 tokens in word-initial position (216 /CwV/ words and 216 /CV/ words) were examined. The results indicated that /w/ exhibits four different variants. Firstly, /w/ is realized as a full glide. Such a variant is characterized by a VOT difference and significant differences in F1 and F2 at voicing onset compared with /CwV/ and /CV/. Secondly, /w/ can be maintained but coarticulated with the following vowel. Such a variant is demonstrated by differences in VOT and F2. Thirdly, /w/ is categorically deleted, which is indicated by the absence of any differences in VOT, F1, and F2. Fourthly, /w/ overlaps a consonant. The F2 difference without VOT difference is manifested in the variant. In contrast to VOT, F1, and F2 differences, pitch plays little role in determining /w/-variants in Korean. These findings suggest that allophones can be produced along a gradient continuum of acoustic cues, exhibiting sounds intermediate between the full realization of a given category and its deletion. Furthermore, each variant can be cued by a set of internal and external acoustic cues.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2008.11b
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• pp.2131-2136
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• 2008

The characteristics of heat transfer and pressure drop in an offset strip fin heat exchanger was studied with a steady-state three dimensional numerical model. Flow Reynolds number $Re_{dh}$ ranged from 10 to 3500 and Prandtl number Pr ranged from 0.7 to 50. The dimensionless performance factors, i.e. 'the pumping power factor F' and 'the heat transfer performance factor J' were analyzed and obtained a relationship between them. Finally, the prediction of F and J factors was generalized for different Prandtl numbers.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.297-308
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• 2020

We focus on the functional autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (fARCH) modelling to analyze intraday volatilities based on high frequency financial time series. Multivariate volatility models are investigated to approximate fARCH(1). A formula of multi-step ahead volatilities for fARCH(1) model is derived. As an application, in implementing fARCH(1), a choice of appropriate time interval for the intraday return is discussed. High frequency KOSPI data analysis is conducted to illustrate the main contributions of the article.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.153-158
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• 1993

Pyridine and acetone are efficacious inducers of CYP2E1 in both rats and rabbits. The response in the elevation of CYP2E1 levels, changes in CYP2E1 mRNA levels, and enhanced translational processing of hepatic CYP2E1 mRNA during the early phase of CYP2E1 induction by the solvents pyridine and acetone were examined. Time-depen-dent incease in CYP2E1 levels occurred at early times (6-24h) following a single dose of pyridine treatmene, as assessed by Western immunoblot analysis, whereas the levels in CYP2E1 mRNA transiently decreased at 12h post-treatment, returning to the level present in untreated animals.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.1155-1166
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• 2001

The purposes of this research were 1) to identify shopping orientation according to customer's personality type, 2) to examine perceived importance of service and satisfaction of service related to customer's personality type, 3) to find the relationships of evaluation of salesperson's service and re-purchase intention in each of customer's personality types. The data were collected via self-administered questionnaires from 434 female formal wear shoppers. and were analyzed by frequency, factor analysis, ANOVA, Chi-square test, and multiple regression analysis. The results of this study were as follows: Shopping orientations varied according to customer's personality type. E type had stronger Hedonic/self-confidence than I type, F type had higher Depending decision making than T type and P type had higher Quick decision making than J type. And service items satisfied the customers with a certain personality type. E type was satisfied with timely and proper A/S, not forcing to purchase and trustful behavior of salesperson more than I Type was. And also with expertise, individualized care, polite attitude, and merchandising promotion. N type was satisfied with individualized care more than S type was. A service evaluation criterion affected the re-purchase intention for a customer with a certain personality type. Customer's convenience in E. I. S, N, T, F, J types had a significant effect on re-purchase intention. And Expertise/ care in E, N, T, J types had a positive effect on re-purchase intention. also Politeness in E, I, S, N, T, J, P types did. But in only E type, Merchandising promotion affected re-purchase intention.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.723-729
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• 2015

The moment analysis of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) was performed using chromatograms that were obtained with the pulse input method from an octadecyl silica (ODS) high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) column. The general rate (GR) model was employed to calculate the first absolute moment and the second central moment. Three important coefficients for moment analysis, which are molecular diffusivity ($D_m$), external mass transfer coefficient ($k_f$), and intra-particle diffusivity ($D_e$), were estimated by the Wilke-Chang equation, Wilson-Geankoplis equation, and comparing van Deemter equation to theoretical plate number equation, respectively. Experiments were conducted by various conditions of flow rates, methanol volume ratio of the mobile phase, and solute concentration. After the moment analysis, results were organized by van Deemter plots. Also van Deemter coefficients were compared each other to effect $H_{ax}$, $H_f$, and $H_d$ on height equivalent to a theoretical plate (HETP, $H_{total}$). The value of intraparticle diffusion ($H_d$) was the primary factor which makes for HETP whereas external mass transfer ($H_f$) was disregardable factor.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.767-788
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to examine emotional characteristics and to provide information about the special needs of counselling of science gifted in Korea. The subjects were 143 science gifted high school students in Busan that had been tested MBTI and MMPI-A. The distribution map of MBTI type was examined and Pearson's correlation, one-way ANOVA, multiple regression analysis were used to analyse the relation between MBTI and MMPI-A through SPSS 17.0 program. The results showed as follows: first, ENTP, INTP, ISTJ personality types and NT temperament type were the most frequently from the distribution map of MBTI type. Second, F1, F2, F, Hs, D, Pt, Sc and Si scales of MMPI-A were positively related to I preference of MBTI and K and Ma scales of MMPI-A were significantly related to E preference of MBTI from Pearson's correlation. Third, The score of IN group was significantly more high in F1, Hs, D, SC and Si scales of MMPI-A than other group in the relation between two combination preferences of MBTI and scale of MMPI-A. The following results were same; IS group in D, Si scales, EN group in Ma scale, IT group in Hs, D, Pt and S scales, IF group in VRIN, D and Si scales, ET in Ma scale, IJ group in D and Si, IP group in F1, F, Hs, D, Hy, Pt, Sc and Si scales, EJ and EP groups in Ma scale. Finally, I preference of MBTI by F1, F2, F, Hs, D, Pt, Sc and Si scales of MMPI-A, E preference of MBTI by Ma scale of MMPI-A, F preference of MBTI by K scale of MMPI-A and P preference of MBTI by Hy scale of MMPI-A were significantly predicted from multiple regression analysis. Limitations of the current study and the suggestions for further research were offered.

• Journal of Gynecologic Oncology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.98.1-98.13
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• 2018

Objective: We describe a systematic review and meta-analysis of the performance of ${18}F$-fluorodeoxyglucose ($^{18}F-FDG$) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for detecting metastasis in ovarian cancer. Methods: MEDLINE and Embase were searched for diagnostic accuracy studies that used $^{18}F-FDG$ PET or PET/CT for pre-treatment staging, using surgical findings as the reference standard. Sensitivities and specificities were pooled and plotted in a hierarchic summary receiver operating characteristic plot. Potential causes of heterogeneity were explored through sensitivity analyses. Results: Eight studies with 594 patients were included. The overall pooled sensitivity and specificity for metastasis were 0.72 (95% confidence interval [CI]=0.61-0.81) and 0.93 (95% CI=0.85-0.97), respectively. There was considerable heterogeneity in sensitivity ($I^2=97.57%$) and specificity ($I^2=96.74%$). In sensitivity analyses, studies that used laparotomy as the reference standard showed significantly higher sensitivity and specificity (0.77; 95% CI=0.67-0.87 and 0.96; 95% CI=0.92-0.99, respectively) than those including diagnostic laparoscopy (0.62; 95% CI=0.46-0.77 and 0.84; 95% CI=0.69-0.99, respectively). Higher specificity was shown in studies that confirmed surgical findings by pathologic evaluation (0.95; 95% CI=0.90-0.99) than in a study without pathologic confirmation (0.69; 95% CI=0.24-1.00). Studies with a lower prevalence of the FDG-avid subtype showed higher specificity (0.97; 95% CI=0.94-1.00) than those with a greater prevalence (0.89; 95% CI=0.80-0.97). Conclusion: Pre-treatment $^{18}F-FDG$ PET/CT shows moderate sensitivity and high specificity for detecting metastasis in ovarian cancer. With its low false-positive rate, it can help select surgical approaches or alternative treatment options.