• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.83-91
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• 2018

Nonthermal atmospheric plasma has been studied for its many biomedical effects, such as tooth bleaching, wound healing, and coagulation. In this study, the effects of dentinal tubules occlusion were investigated using fluoride-carboxymethyl cellulose (F-CMC) gel, nano-sized hydroxyapatite (n-HA), and nonthermal atmospheric plasma. Human dentin specimens were divided to 5 groups (group C, HA, HAF, HAP, and HAFP). Group HA was treated with n-HA, group HAF was treated with n-HA after a F-CMC gel application, group HAP was treated with n-HA after a plasma treatment and group HAFP was treated with n-HA after a plasma and F-CMC gel treatment. The occlusion of dentinal tubules was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), which shows Ca/P ratio. In the EDS results, a higher Ca/P ratio was shown in the groups including n-HA than in the control group. The specimens of group HAP and HAFP had a higher Ca/P ratio in retentivity. In the SEM results, there was not a significant difference in the amount of times applied. Therefore, this study suggests F-CMC gel and n-HA treatment using nonthermal atmospheric plasma will be a new treatment method for decreasing hypersensitivity.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.223-231
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• 2017

This work was conducted to investigate on the effect of urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin viscosity on plywood adhesion. The viscosity of UF resin was controlled either by adjusting the condensation reaction during its synthesis to obtain different target viscosities (100, 200 and 300 mPa.s) at two levels of formaldehyde/urea (F/U) mole ratios (1.0 and 1.2) or by adding different amounts (10, 20 and 30%) of wheat flour into the resins for the manufacture of plywood. When the viscosity of UF resin increased by the condensation reaction, the adhesion strength of plywood bonded with UF resin of 1.2 F/U mole ratio consistently increased, while those bonded with the 1.0 F/U mole ratio resin slightly decreased, suggesting a difference in the adhesion in plywood. However, the adhesion strength of plywood decreased as the viscosity increased by adding wheat flour, regardless of F/U mole ratio. The manipulation of UF resin viscosity by adjusting the condensation reaction was much more efficient than by adding wheat flour in improving the adhesion performance of plywood. These results indicated that a way of controlling the viscosity of UF resin adhesives has a great influence to their adhesion in plywood.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제90권3호
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• pp.314-323
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• 2001

산림의 수원함양기능 지표로서 표층토양에서의 조공극률(粗孔隙率)(pF2.7)에 영향하는 인자를 밝히기 위해 1993년 3월부터 10월까지 전국의 침엽수림 표본조사구를 대상으로 입지, 토양, 임분환경인자 등 총 23개 조사항목에 대하여 상관분석하였다. 표층토양에서의 조공극률에 영향을 미치는 유의한 인자는 표층토양에서의 조대공극률(粗大孔隙率)(pF1.6), 경사도, 상층식생 울폐도, F층의 두께, 토양의 유기물함량비, 임목축적 등 6개 인자가 정(定)의 상관관계를, 점토함량비, 표층토양의 견밀도, A층, B층 토양견밀도 등 4개 인자가 각각 5%, 1% 수준에서 유의한 부(負)의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 또한, stepwise를 이용한 다중회귀분석결과 표층토양에서의 조공극률에 영향하는 인자는 표층토양의 견밀도, 상층임분 지하고, 임목축적, B층 토양의 견밀도, 토양의 유기물함량비 등 5개 인자이었다. 침엽수림의 수원함양기능 증진을 위한 시업은 표층토양의 조공극 발달이 촉진되도록 상충식생 울폐도가 80%를 넘게 되었을 때 실시해야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.349-365
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• 1994

We develop in this paper the likelihood ratio test (LRT) for testing $H_1 : F_1 \preceq F_2$ against $H_2 - H_1$ where $H_2$ imposes no restriction on $F_1$ and $F_2$ and '$\preceq$' means failure rate ordering. Both one and two-sample problems will be considered. In the one-sample case, one of the two distributions is known, while we assume in the other case both are unknown. We derive the asymptotic null distribution of the LRT statistic which will be of chi-bar-square type. The main issue here is to determine the least favorable distribution which is stochastically largest within the class of null distributions.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1998년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집(I)
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• pp.157-160
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• 1998

KS F 4419, which is dealt with the Inter-Locking block, states that water to cement ratio for manufacturing inter-locking block should be less than 25% and in KS F4419, the use of admixture is shown to be reluctant to recommend. In this paper, reinvestigation of some regulations in KS F 4419 are carried out. According to the experimental results, as W/C increases, flexural strength and compressive strength are tended to decrease, whereas they increases within certain range, Flexural strength and compressive strength have higher values in 1:2(W/C=35%), 1:4(W/C=45%) and 1:6(W/C=55%) of mix proportions. Moreover they have rather higher values with the containment of high range AE water-reducing agent. The absorption ratios decrease with the increase of W/C and the containment of high range AE water-reducing agent. Therefore, the regulations on the W/C and admixture in KS F 4419 reguire revision.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.466-476
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• 2000

This paper presents atomization characteristics of a double impinging F -0-0- F type injector with four streams. A phase Doppler particle analyzer was employed to measure the droplet-size and water was used as the inert simulant liquid instead of reactive propellant liquids. The droplet mean diameter (SMD) and size distribution were measured to investigate the effects of the momentum ratio and pressure drop variations. This experimental results can be used during the preliminary design stage of a impinging stream type injector for liquid rockets.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2007년도 제29회 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.256-259
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• 2007

하이브리드 로켓의 원통형 multi-port 그레인에서 그레인 포트 개수 변화에 따른 연소특성을 고찰하였다. 후퇴율의 경우 그레인 포트 개수가 증가할수록 연료 포트 후퇴율과 끝단면 후퇴율 모두 증가하였다. 성능변수의 경우 그레인 포트 개수가 증가할수록 O/F 비는 낮아졌고, 비추력은 높아졌다.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.67-76
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• 2018

This study was performed to investigate acoustic characteristics of sustained vowels produced by Seoul Korean speakers. For this study, three hundred nine healthy adults were chosen as participants from Korean Standard Speech Database. These subjects were divided into five chronological age groups (20s, 30s, 40s, 50s, 60-70s) and two gender groups (male and female). Fundamental frequency (f0), jitter, shimmer, and NHR (noise-to-harmonics ratio) was measured with 8 Korean vowels (/ɑ/, /æ/, /ʌ/, /e/, /o/, /u/, /ɯ/, /i/) by using Praat. The results showed that the vowel type significantly affected all acoustic parameters. Gender affected f0, jitter, and NHR significantly. The mean female speakers' f0 was greater than the males', and the mean jitter and NHR of male speakers was greater than the females'. Moreover, age affected shimmer and NHR significantly; in particular, the shimmer and NHR of elderly speakers was greater than the young speakers.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.259-266
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• 1998

한국 동해 중부해역의 생$\cdot$화학적 특성에 대한 조사가 1995년 10월 11일부터 18일까지 동해 중북부해역의 31개 정점에서 연구선인 탐양호를 이용하여 수행되었다. chlorophyll a의 농도분포 및 신생산과 수온약층으로부터의 질산염의 수직확산이 측정되었다. chlorophyll a의 농도 범위는 검출한계 이하에서 $0.72{\mu}g/\ell$로서 대부분의 정점에서 최대농도는 수온약층부근에서 발견되었으나, 조사 해역의 남쪽 부분에서는 표층에서 나타났다. 이곳은 상대적으로 netphytoplankton의 비율이 높았고 우점종으로는 연안에서 종종 출현하는 Rhizesolenia sp.이었다. $^{15}N$ 질산염과 암모니아 흡수방법을 이용하여 측정한 질소 신생산과 재생산은 유광층의 적분한 질소생산은 $8.470\~72.945mg\;N\;m^{-2}\;d^{-1}$의 값을 보였으며 기초생산 중 신생산이 차지하는 비율인 f-ratio의 범위는 $0.03\~0.72$로, 기초생산의 $3\~72\%$가 수직확산 등에 의하여 공급되는 질산염에 의해서 유지되고 나머지 $28\~97\%$가 수층내에서 순환되는 암모니아에 의하여 유지된다는 것을 보여주었다. 이러한 f-ratio 값은 극도의 빈영양 해역에서 부영양 해역의 특징을 포함한다. 정점간 생산성과 f-ratio의 차이는 전선의 위치와 섬 (울릉도)와 연관된 해저지형에 관계되어 있는 것으로 보인다. 즉 전선역에서는 생산성과 f-ratio가 높게, 밖에서는 낮게 나타났으며 울릉도 부근에서 가장 높은 f-ratio를 보였다. 수직확산계수는 두 가지 방법으로 구하였는데, King and Devol(1979)의 식에 나타난 수직 안정도로부터 계산한 Kz-1과 new nitrogen 요구량으로부터 계산한 Kz-2이다. Kz-2는 $0.11\~0.55\;cm^2/s$ 의 범위로 이전의 다른 연구들에 의해 보고된 값에 비해서 낮았다.

• 대한전기학회논문지:시스템및제어부문D
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.181-188
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to predict the defibrillation success of a ventricular Fibrillation ECG signal using time-frequency analysis. During CPR, coronary perfusion pressure and electrocardiogram were measured. Parameters extracted from time-frequency domain were served as predictor of resuscitation success. Time frequency distribution(TFD) of ECG signals was estimated from the smoothed pseudo Wigner-Ville distribution(SPWVD). Median frequency, peak frequency, 1/f slope, frequency band ratios$(2{\sim}4Hz,\;4{\sim}6Hz,\;6{\sim}8Hz,\;8{\sim}10Hz,\;10{\sim}12Hz,\;12{\sim}15Hz)$ were extracted from each TFD as function of time. Paired t-test was used to determine the differences in ROSC and non-ROSC groups. In the statistical results, we selected four significant parameters - median frequency, 1/f slope, $2{\sim}4Hz$ band ratio, $8{\sim}10Hz$ band ratio. We made an attempt to predict defibrillation success by combining features extracted from time frequency distribution. Independent t-test was used to determine the differences ROSC and non-ROSC groups. Consequently, we selected four significant parameters-median frequency, 1/f slope, $2{\sim}4Hz$ band ratio, $8{\sim}10Hz$ band ratio. The relationship between coronary perfusion pressure and ECG parameters was analyzed with linear regression analysis. R-square value was 55%. 1/f slope and $8{\sim}10Hz$ band ratio had the significant relationship with coronary perfusion pressure.