• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.2142-2149
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• 2014

This study was to find out urinary incontinence, quality of sleep and efficacy of fall in the community dwelling elderly and to investigate how the factors were connected to one another. Data were collected between January 3rd and 30th, 2013 from 112 elderly people who aged 65 or older. They agreed to participate in this study sampled among elders assistants in a way of responding to the questionnaire after being read. The study scales were composed of demographic characteristics, urinary incontinence, quality of sleep and efficacy of fall. A total of 45(40.2%) subjects were reported fall experienced. The results showed a positive correlation with urinary incontinence, quality of sleep and efficacy of fall. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that predictor of efficacy of fall was quality of sleep. A combination of the urinary incontinence and quality of sleep accounted for 9.6% of the efficacy of fall.

• CRM연구
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.35-54
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• 2011

Organizing and maintaining customer-based online communities are becoming increasingly important in current business environment. Companies can utilize the member generated contents in developing their products and services and they can establish close relationships with their customers. This paper investigates how customer-based online communities increase individual members' contributive behaviors. Drawing on the social psychology literature, this study adopts the concept of self-discrepancy rooted in self-identity and derive an index for self-discrepancy by using the differences between actual and virtual self-identities. Furthermore, this study examines the relationship between the self-discrepancy and the anonymity-related psychological factors (autonomy, recovery, and catharsis), which in turn influence quality and quantity of contribution. Analysis of 114 respondents showed that self-discrepancy between actual and virtual selves has two different sub-dimensions (personal self-discrepancy and social sel f-discrepancy) and each dimension has different effect on the quality and quantity of contribution through the mediation of autonomy and recovery. Notably, catharsis negatively influenced quality of contribution. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed based on the major findings.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.35-43
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• 2020

This study was to identify the factors influencing the person centered care competency in nursing students. Data were conducted on 294 nursing students from September 1st to 25th 2019. The mean score of critical thinking disposition was 3.72, the interpersonal relationship was 3.90 and person centered care competency was 4.01. Nursing students with high degree of major satisfaction had higher level of critical thinking disposition, the interpersonal relationship and person centered care competency than students with low degree. Significant factors influencing person centered care competency were critical thinking disposition, the interpersonal relationship and grade which explained 33%. The programs that develop critical thinking disposition and interpersonal relationship are necessary for college nursing students in order to promote person centered care competency.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.264-268
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• 1998

Many enzymes catalyze a primary reaction and/or secondary reaction. Dextransucrase usually synthesizes dextran from sucrose as a primary reaction. The secondary reaction of dextransucrase is the transfer of glucose from sucrose to carbohydrate accepters. We have reacted dextransucrase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides B-742CB with sucrose and pullulan as an acceptor under different reaction conditions; various concentrations of pullulan, enzyme, sucrose and different pHs and temperatures of reaction digests. The yield of modified pullulan was 57%(<${\pm}$5%) of theoretical under the reaction condition of pH 5.2, temperature 28$^{\circ}C$, 0.37% of pullulan, and 0.l U/$m\ell$ of dextransucrase. Modified products were more resistant against the hydrolysis of pullulanase and endo-dextranase than those of native pullulan. The positions of glucose substitution in the modified products were determined by methylation followed by acid hydrolysis and analyzed by TLC. The products were modified by the addition of glucose to the position of C3, C4, C6 free hydroxyl group of glucose residues in the pullulan.

• School Mathematics
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.77-101
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• 2005

This study is a discussion of the teaching and learning of discrete mathematics in school mathematics. In this study, we summarized the importance of discrete mathematics m school mathematics. And we examined instruction methods of discrete mathematics expressed in the 7th mathematics curriculum. On the basis of analysis for teaching cases in previous studies, we proposed four suggestions to organize discrete mathematics classroom. That is as follows. First, discrete mathematics needs to be introduced as a mathematical modeling of real-world problem. Second, algorithm learning in discrete mathematics have to be accomplished with computer experiments. Third, when we solve a problem with discrete data, we need to consider discrete property of given data. Forth, discrete mathematics class must be full of investigation and discussion among students. In each suggestion, we dealt with detailed examples including educational ideas in order to helping mathematics teacher orgainzing discrete mathematics classroom.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 1997

Precipitation samples were collected by the wet- only event sampling method from Seoul during September 1991 to April 1995. These samples were analyzed for the concentrations of the major ionic components (N $O_3$$^{[-10]}$ , N $O_2$$^{[-10]}$ , S $O_4$$^{2-}$, C $l^{[-10]}$ , $F^{[-10]}$ , N $a^{＋}$, $K^{+}$, $Ca^{2＋}$, $Mg^{2＋}$, and N $H_4$$^{＋}$), pH, and electric conductivity. During the study period, a total of 182 samples were collected, but only 163 samples were used for the data analysis via quality assurance of precipitation chemistry data. The volume-weighted pH was found to be 4.7. The major acidifying species from our precipitation studies were identified to be non-seasalt sulfate (84$\pm$9 $\mu$eq/L) and nitrate (24$\pm$2 $\mu$eq/L) except for chloride. Because the Cl/Na ratio in the precipitation was close to the ratio in seawater. If all of the non-seasalt sulfate and nitrate were in the form of sulfuric and nitric acids, the mean pH in the precipitation could have been as low as 3.7 lower than the computed value. Consequently, the difference between two pH values indicate that the acidity of precipitation was neutralized by alkaline species. The equivalent concentration ratio of sulfate to nitrate was 3.5, indicating that sulfuric and nitric acids can comprise 78％ and 22％ of the precipitation acidity, respectively. Analysis of temporal trend in the measured acidity and ionic components were also performed using the linear regression method. The precipitation acidity generally showed a significantly decreasing trend, which was compatible with the pattern of the ratio (N $H_4$$^{＋}$＋C $a^{2＋}$)/ (nss-S $O_4$$^{2-}$＋N $O_3$$^{[-10]}$ ).).

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2001.07a
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• pp.45-49
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• 2001

We have investigated physical and electrical properties of the Hf $O_2$/HfS $i_{x}$/ $O_{y}$ thin film for alternative gate dielectrics in the metal-oxide-semiconductor device. The oxidation of Hf deposited directly on the Si substrate results in the H $f_{x}$/ $O_{y}$ interfacial layer and the high-k Hf $O_2$film simultaneously. Interestingly, the post-oxidation N2 annealing of the H102/H1Si70y thin films reduces(increases) the thickness of an amorphous HfS $i_{x}$/ $O_{y}$ layer(Hf $O_2$ layer). This phenomenon causes the increase of the effective dielectric constant, while maintaining the excellent interfacial properties. The hysteresis window in C-V curves and the midgap interface state density( $D_{itm}$) of Hf $O_2$/HfS $i_{x}$/ $O_{y}$ thin films less than 10 mV and ~3$\times$10$^{11}$ c $m^{-2}$ -eV without post-metallization annealing, respectively. The leakage current was also low (1$\times$10-s A/c $m^2$ at $V_{g}$ = +2 V). It is believed that these excellent results were obtained due to existence of the amorphous HfS $i_{x}$/ $O_{y}$ buffer layer. We also investigated the charge trapping characteristics using Fowler-Nordheim electron injection: We found that the degradation of Hf $O_2$/HfS $i_{x}$/ $O_{y}$ gate oxides is more severe when electrons were injected from the gate electrode.e electrode.e.e electrode.e.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Groundwater Environment
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.6-9
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• 1994

Previously reported Ar/N$_2$ratios in groundwater have been measured by single ion monitoring (Barnes et al., 1975; Vogel et al., 1981; Mariotti et al., 1988). The detector geometry and flared flight tube in VG Optima isotopic ratio mass spectrometer appeared to be fortuitously aligned for the simultaneous measurement of Ar/N$_2$ratios. Method development included mechanical adjustments to optimize the mass spectrometer for Ar/N$_2$ratio measurements followed by development of a preparation system for the extraction of air-saturated water samples. Samples containing known Ar/N$_2$ratios were used to assess accuracy and precision, and to test the applicability of methods for measurements of aqueous Ar/N$_2$ratios. The results indicated that the prepared air-saturated water samples were almost identical to the predicted Ar/N$_2$ratios (p ＜0.001). Groundwater samples were collected from on-going research sites, Shelton and Grand Island, Nebraska. Samples from the Grand Island sludge injection site form a lower boundary for worldwide reported Ar/N$_2$ratios. These lower Ar/N$_2$ratios can be explained by the production of nitrogen gas from this site, where denitrification was reported previously.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.53-58
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• 2018

The study was done to compare quality of life by family therapy, self-esteem f teem insight factors which explain quality of life in individuals with schizophrenic patients. A questionnaire survey was conducted with 125 schizophrenia people in C region. The data were analyzed by SPSSWIN 21.0, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient calculation and multiple regression analysis. The results were as follows. Impact quality of life of clients showed significant difference by religion, support team(p<.05). Quality of life were positively correleated with self-esteem and family support. Multiple regression analysis showed that 49.5% of the self esteem, insight, family support showed the quality of life. Development of programs for strengthening family support and self esteem is required for proper quality of life.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.107-116
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• 2016

This is a convergence study to examine influences of self-efficacy and mindfulness on job satisfaction of nurses. For this explanatory survey research, 71 clinical nurses working for a general hospital in D city were recruited. Data were collected with self-reported questionnaires from september 20 to october 4 in 2015 and analyzed with PASW Statistics (SPSS) 18.0 program. Job satisfaction significantly positively correlated with self-efficacy (r=.439, p<.001), but there were no significant correlation between self-efficacy and mindfulness (r=-.142, p=.241) or mindfulness and job satisfaction (r=-.067, p=.583). Self-efficacy was the only significantly influencing factor on job satisfaction (${\beta}=.429$, p<.001). According to the results, self-efficacy could be a key factor to increase job satisfaction of clinical nurses and many trials had to be developed and administered to increase it for enhancing clinical nurses' job satisfaction.