• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.177-183
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• 2022

There is no known polynomial time algorithm for QAP that is a NP-complete problem. This paper suggests O(n²) polynomial time algorithm for random type quadratic assignment problem (QAP). The proposed algorithm suggests incremental augmenting matching strategy that is to set the matching set M={(l_i,f_j)} from l_i with minimum sum of distance in location matrix L and f_j with maximum sum of quantity in facility matrix F, and incremental augmenting of matching set M from M to l_i with minimum sum of distance and to f_j with maximum sum of quantity. Finally, this algorithm performs swap strategy that is to reflect the complex correlations of distances in locations and quantities in facilities. For the experimental data, this algorithm, in spite of O(n²) polynomial time algorithm, can be improve the solution than genetic algorithm a kind of metaheuristic method.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.392-400
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• 1997

In this paper we porposed WCHF-fSDF filter to obtain a roration and scale-invariant correlation output. WCHF-fSDF filter is synthesized by each single CHF exttracted from scale-changed and wavelet tranformed imagesfor a refereence image as tranining images. The wavelet transform is defined as the correlation of an input image with a wavelet function. Therefore two 4f optical correlation systems are needed for pattern recognition using wavelet transform. We here include the wavelet function for the input image in the process of the proposed filter design and substitute the two 4f optical correlation system with a single 4f optical correlation system. The Performances of the proposed filter are compared with conventional CHF-SDF, POCHF-SDF filters through the computer simulation. The results of computer simulation show that the proposed filter has the rotation and scale-invariant correlation output and it has better performances than thoseof the conventioanl filters.

• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.37-46
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• 2000

We prove the stability of a generalized Cauchy functional equation of the form ; $$f(a_1x+a_2y)=b_1f(x)+b_2f(y)+w.$$ That is, we obtain a partial answer for the open problem which was posed by the Th.M Rassias and J. Tabor on the stability for a generalized functional equation.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.219-226
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• 2022

This study is a descriptive research study to confirm the degree and correlation of major satisfaction, self-esteem, and work values of nursing students, and was attempted to provide basic data for nursing students' nursing education. The subjects of this study were 224 nursing students from one university in the c region. Data analysis was analyzed using SPSS 22.0 program with frequency and percentage, mean and standard deviation, t-test and ANOVA, and Pearson's Correlation Coefficients. As a result of this study, there was a statistically significant difference in major satisfaction at the time of major decision(F=4.127, P=.004), self-esteem at the motivation for admission(F=7.384, P<.001), and work value at the motivation for admission(F=5.023, P<.001) and the presence or absence of nurses in the family(F=3.501, P<.001). There was a significant correlation between major satisfaction, self-esteem, and work value of nursing college students. Through the results of this study, it is suggested that it is necessary to develop an education and training program that can improve the major satisfaction, self-esteem, and job value of nursing college students.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.42.2-42.2
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• 2013

The F-GAMMA (FERMI-GST AGN Multi-frequency Monitoring Alliance) project is a program for the monthly monitoring of the broad-band spectra of currently about 90 selected Fermi-GST AGNs. F-GAMMA utilizes several facilities in cm, mm, sub-mm, infrared and optical bands, achieving an unprecedented coverage for the study of the spectral evolution of powerful relativistic jets in AGNs. The KVN joined the F-GAMMA project in May 2011, aiming to monitor flux density at 22 and 43 GHz. We present the preliminary results of flux density variability, evolution of spectral index, and modulation index.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.49-53
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• 2017

Formant frequencies depend on the position of tongue, the shape of lips, and larynx. In the auditory system, the external ear canal is an open-end resonator, which can modify the voice characteristics. This study investigates the effect of the real ear on formant frequencies. Fifteen subjects ranging from 22 to 30 years of age participated in the study. This study employed three corner vowels: the low central vowel /a/, the high front vowel /i/, and the high back vowel /u/. For this study, the voice of a well-educated undergraduate who majored in speech-language pathology, was recorded with a high performance condenser microphone placed in the upper pinna and in the ear canal. Paired t-test showed that there were significant difference in the formant frequencies of F1, F2, F3, and F4 between the free field and the real ear. For /a/, all formant frequencies decreased significantly in the real ear. For /i/, F2 increased and F3 and F4 decreased. For /u/, F1 and F2 increased, but F3 and F4 decreased. It seems that these voice modifications in the real ear contribute to interpreting voice quality and understanding speech, timbre, and individual characteristics, which are influenced by the shape of the outer ear and external ear canal in such a way that formant frequencies become centralized in the vowel space.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.167-176
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the level of body perception, obesity, and factors associated with stages of exercise and dietary habits change in university students. Methods: A descriptive design was used. Data were collected from 279 university students using structured questionnaires. Results: The body perception was significantly associated with self rated health (F=27.89. p<.001), weight satisfaction (F=137.74. p<.001) and weight control interest (F=39.19. p<.001). The BMI was significantly associated with weight satisfaction (F=34.08. p<.001) and weight control interest (F=19.59. p=.003). But the body perception and BMI were not significantly associated with depression (F=2.17, p=.073, F=0.86. p=.462), the change of exercise (F=25.91. p=.055, F=20.34. p=.061), and dietary habits (F=12.96. p=.677, F=11.29. p=.505). The related factors affecting the change of exercise behavior were counter conditioning, self efficacy, eating behavior, and helping relationship, including 30.4% R-square. The related factor affecting the change of dietary habit was only eating behavior, including 20.0% R-square. Conclusion: This study can provide useful information to develop effective programs for the change of exercise and dietary habits considering university students' stages of change according to the transtheoretical model.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.1060-1068
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• 2011

In this paper, Current-Mode Class-D(CMCD) RF Power Amplifier(PA) is designed and implemented at 900 MHz. Conventional CMCD PA has output parallel resonator to reconstruct a fundamental frequency component of the output signal. However the resonator can be removed by connecting inverse class-F PAs because even-harmonic components can be removed by CMCD PA's push-pull structure. Using load-pull, inverse class-F PA with GaN transistors is designed, and CMCD PA with the inverse class-F PA is implemented. The CMCD PA has 64.5 % drain efficiency, 34.2 dBm output power. Comparing with the drain efficiency of a CMCD PA with parallel resonator, the CMCD with the inverse class-F technology has 13.6 % improved drain efficiency.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 1979

The arrangement and the number of vascular bundle in petiole were investigated with the hybrid Populus alba${\times}$P. glandulosa and both parents. 1. The variation in number and the arrangement of the vascular bundle in petiole were smaller at middle point than at nearer point to the leaf blade. 2. A small variation was found in the arrangement of the vascular bundle within a tree, same clone and same species. 3. Five shapes of vascular bundle were recognized in the $F_1$ hybrid, 26.7 per cent of the $F_1$ hybrid has the same shape with P. alba, 13.3 percent with P. glandulosa and 53.3 per cent of the $F_1$ hybrid shows the $F_1$ shape caused by hybridization. 4. The hybrid clones which show the same shape with P. alba are 66-20-1, 66-6-8, 65-22-11 and 64-6-44, hybrid clones of 65-95, 66-14-93 have the same shape with P. glandulosa. Hybrid clones of 66-15-3, 67-6-3, 65-22-4, 66-26-55, 68-1-54, 66-14-99, 65-29-19, 66-25-5 have $F_1$ shape.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.258-262
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• 2013

Three ergosterol derivatives, ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one (1), ergosta-7,24(28)-dien-3-ol (2), and 5,8-epidioxyergosta-6,22-dien-3-ol(3) were isolated from the fruit body of Phellinus pini. Their structures were based on spectroscopic methods including IR, MS, and NMR (1D and 2D). These compounds were evaluated for their activity to decrease melanin production in ${\alpha}$-MSH (melanocyte stimulating hormone) activated B16F10 cells. Compound 1, 2, and 3 reduced melanin content in a dose-dependent manner at concentrations of 5~15 uM. They also suppressed the tyrosinase expression of protein and m-RNA level dose dependently by western blot analysis and RT-PCR experiment in B16F10 murine melanoma cells.