• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.277-289
• /
• 2005

The study examines the limit strength for steel cable-stayed bridges. A case studies have been performed in order to evaluate the limit strength lot steel cable-stayed bridges using nonlinear inelastic analysis approach and bifurcation point instability analysis approach, effective tangent modulus $(E_f)$ method. To realize it, a practical nonlinear inelastic analysis condoling the initial shape is developed. In the initial shape analysis, updated structural configuration is introduced instead of initial member forces for beam-column members at every iterative step. Geometric and material nonlinearities of beam-column members are accounted by using stability function, and by using CRC tangent modulus and parabolic function, respectively Besides, geometric nonlinearity of cable members is accounted by using secant value of equivalent modulus of elasticity. The load-displacement relationships obtained by the proposed method are compared well with those given by other approaches. The limit strengths evaluated by the proposed nonlinear inelastic analysis for the proposed cable-stayed bridges with tee dimensional configuration compared with those by the inelastic bifurcation point instability analyses.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.31-54
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study is to present the basic data for establishing the management plan of forest ecosystem in Honam-Jeongmeak and Geumnamhonam-Jeongmaek by surveying and analysing the vascular plants distributed in Jangansan(A-site), Palgongsan(B-site), Mandeoksan(C-site), Chuwolsan (D-site), Cheonunsan(E-site) and Jeamsan(F-site). The numbers of flora were 813 taxa including 115 families, 406 genera, 700 species, 4 subspecies, 94 varieties and 15 forms. There were 500 taxa in A-site, 427 taxa in B-site, 402 taxa in C-site, 449 taxa in D-site, 345 taxa in E-site and 524 taxa in F-site. The rare plants were 12 taxa including Paeonia japonica, Iris minutoaurea, Chloranthus fortunei and so forth. In IUCN Red List categories, there were 1 taxon of EN, 2 taxa of VU, 8 taxa of LC and 1 taxon of DD. The Korean endemic plants were 20 taxa including Salix koriyanagi, Thalictrum actaefolium var. brevistylum, Saussurea pseudogracilis and so forth. The specific plants by floristic region were 108 taxa including 58 taxa of grade I, 30 taxa of grade II, 16 taxa of grade III, 2 taxa of grade IV and grade V, respectively. The plants adaptable to climate change were 18 taxa including 11 taxa of southern plant and 7 taxa of northern plants. The naturalized plants were 49 taxa including Rumex nipponicus, Brassica juncea, Trifolium repens and so forth. The invasive alien plants were 4 taxa including Rumex acetocella, Solanum carolinense, Ambrosia artemisiifolia and Aster pilosus.

• Journal of fish pathology
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.147-160
• /
• 2007

Four strains of water mold, ChS-E0511, RaT-E0511, RaT-A0512 and MaS-F0512, were isolated from salmonid fish and/or their eggs taken from culture farms in Yangyang, Milyang and Pyeongchang, Korea in 2005. Descriptions of their morphological aspects, the results of the phylogenetic analysis conducted, and the sequence of the small sub-unit 18S rRNAs of the isolates confirmed that they all belong to the species Saprolegnia parasitica. Only one species, ChS-E0511, which was isolated from fertilized eggs of the chum salmon, was classified as part of the S. parasiticaGroup 1 according to its oogonia and gemmae production. The chemotherapeutic effects of various chemicals on the ChS-E0511 strain were assessed from the inhibitory effects of growth in GY media and the relative ratio of eyed eggs to fertilized eggs of the rainbow trout. Malchite green, a prohibited substance in food animals, was better than others, such as the Opuntia ficus-indicaextract, 2-bronopol, and sodium chloride. These results suggest that the fungi isolated from salmonids and/or their eggs identified as S. parasitica were composed of more than two groups. These isolates will be useful in an intensive evaluation of therapeutic agents.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.52 no.3
• /
• pp.339-345
• /
• 2009

Purpose : This study aimed to determine the variation in parameters according to cardiac cycle length (CL; time interval between the QRS peaks on ECG) in children by using the conventional pulsed Doppler and tissue Doppler imaging echocardiography. Methods : Eighteen children with an anatomically normal heart were enrolled for the study. All children were examined by conventional and pulsed Doppler echocardiography at Gangneung Asan hospital between July 2006 and June 2007. We measured the CLs, mitral inflow velocities (E,A) and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) parameters (s', e', a') from apical 4-chamber view. The TDI parameters were measured at the lateral (Lat) and septal (Sep) part of the mitral valve. All parameters were measured at 6 to 18 consecutive beats from each child. We then evaluated the linear correlation between CL and each parameter. Results : The mean age was $3.6{\pm}0.5$ years (M:F=8:10). There were significantly negative linear correlations between CL and A, Lat s', Lat a', Sep s', Sep e', Sep a' (P<0.01). There were significantly positive linear correlations between CL and E/A, Lat e'/a', Sep e'/a' (P<0.01). However, the E and Lat e' were not correlated with CL (P=0.229 and 0.221, respectively). Conclusion : This study showed that the values of the left ventricular functional parameters were changed according to CL. From our results, it is imperative to carefully examine beat-to-beat variations in children.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.101-108
• /
• 1982

In this paper the result of heat transfer analysis around the square heat source of interior solid by using the F. E. M is reported. Calculation for temperature distribution and each element was used by F. E. M. the solid is sub-divided into system of equal size triangular shape. These values of temperature distribution will valuable for design of jet engine and steam generator and the results gained are as follow; 1. Calculation by F. E. M is identified with the experiment. 2. Temperature distribution on the horizontal surface is $\theta$=0.698 in model 4 and the other hand $\theta$=0.401 in model 6 for X=16cm. In intermediates surface between heat source and bottom surface, the influence of L is more greater than that of height in the temperature difference. 3. Temperature distribution on the vertical surface for model 2 is resulted strong influence by K. In the case of Y=4cm is identified with $\theta$=0.0790 for K=7 and also $\theta$=0.0036 for K=0.3. In the difference of temperature distribution.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.89-97
• /
• 2016

This study was carried out to determine the effect of mixed pasture using domestic varieties orchardgrass 'Kodione' and tall fescue 'Purumi' on forage yields and botanical composition from 2013 to 2015 in middle region of Korea. The following mixed pastures were used in this study: treatment A (orchardgrass oriented mixture with imported varieties), treatment B (orchardgrass oriented mixture), treatment C (orchardgrass and tall fescue oriented mixture), treatment D (tall fescue oriented mixture), treatment E (tall fescue oriented mixture without orchardgrass), treatment F (only orchardgrass), and treatment G (only tall fescue). In botanical compositions at last cutting time in 2015, treatment A had orchardgrass at 7.1%, tall fescue at 47.9%, kentucky bluegrass at 15.2% and white clover at 25%. Meanwhile, treatment B had orchardgrass at 25.9%, tall fescue at 47.0%, kentucky bluegrass at 4.9% and white clover at 18.3%. Consequentially, in botanical composition from 2014 to 2015, treatment A was changed more compare to other treatments B, C, D and E. The average of dry matter (DM) yield for 2 years of treatment E (18,369 kg/ha) was the highest among the seven treatments, but there was no significant difference among other treatments except treatment A (p>0.05). The crude protein (CP) and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of treatment A were 14.5% and 74.8%, and treatment E were 14.1% and 73.0%, respectively. The content of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were lower in treatment E and A than other treatments, and treatment E showed high content of total digestible nutrient (TDN). Therefore, tall fescue oriented mixture using domestic tall fescue variety Purumi had good forage productivity, quality and botanical composition in middle region of Korea for the establishment of grassland.

• Journal of Powder Materials
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.14-17
• /
• 2011

$TiO_2$ nanopowders with anatase structure were firstly prepared by controlling the pH value of a precursor solution without any heat-treatment at room temperature. The prepared $TiO_2$ nanopowders were hydrothermally treated in 10M NaOH solution at $170^{\circ}C$. Then, the samples were washed in DI water or 0.1M HCl. The $TiO_2$ nanotubes were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The gas sensitivity of $TiO_2$ nanotubes for toluene gas was also investigated. The results show that $TiO_2$ nanotubes can be prepared by hydrothermal treatment. The morphology of $TiO_2$ nanotubes prepared by 0.1M HCl washing is destroyed to some extent. $TiO_2$ nanotubes with DI water washing show better sensitivity than that with 0.1M HCl washing.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.236-242
• /
• 1974

Extrusion-spheronization processing combination was used to produce spherical granules with experimental formulations which contain microcrystalline cellulose as a diluent. The produced granules were compared on the basis of the following physical properties ; (a) bulk density, (e) porosity, (f) friabillity and (g) dissolution rate. With the specific experimental formulations used in this study, the increased plate rotational speeds of Marumerizer (400-1200rpm) produced continually more spherical material and also the obtained data indicated that the particle size distribution and dissolution rate depend upon the amount of microcrystalline cellulose used. As a result, the spherical granule preparation with microcrystalline cellulose has good properties in flow rate, packing propertyu and friability and offers a suitable method of granule preparation in pharmaceutical industry.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.24 no.1 s.62
• /
• pp.15-18
• /
• 1985

Studies were made on the morphology and life cycle of the mite, Pyemotes tritici $Lagr{\acute{e}}z$-Fossot & $Montagn{\acute{e}}$ (Trombidiformes; Pyemotidea) ,parasitic on larvae of cigarette beetle, Lasioderma serricorne F., which is one of the most serious pests of stored tobacco, cigar, and cigarette in Korea. One generation time was $20.9{\pm}0.7$ days out of which $9.5{\pm}0.3$ days were spent for feeding and $10.3{\pm}0.8$ days for reproduction of progenies. A female of this insect-parasitic mite produced $56.7{\pm}6.9$ progenies during her reproduction period. The body size of a newly-laid male or female was $280{\mu}m$ long and $85{\mu}m$ wide. As female of this mite sucked on, their abdomen grew larger and larger to reach $825{\mu}m$ in width and $0.346mm^3$ in volume after $9{\sim}10$ days. By sucking the humor of a host, the abdomen of a female mite became almost a global shape in two days. The increase rate of abdominal width was the biggest on the second or the third day of feeding while the volume of abdomen reached to the largest on $6{\sim}8$ days after feeding. The largest number of the daily young produced on 4-th day after a female began to reproduce.

• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
• /
• no.1
• /
• pp.145-168
• /
• 2003

Im 18. Jahrhundert stritt man urn allgemeing$\"{u}$ltige Kriterien f$\"{u}$r die Kunstkritik, welche ebenda aufzubl$\"{u}$hen begann. Im Zentrum dieser Auseinandersetzung, die uns als "Laokoon-streit" bekannt ist, befanden sich Johann Joachim Winckelmann einerseits und ein franz$\"{o}$sischer Bildhauer Etienne-Maurice Falconet(1716-1791) andererseits. Die beiden waren von ganz unterschiedlichen Kunstideen $\"{u}$berzeugt. Obwohl sie niemals zusammentraf, fielen sie in eine heftige schriftliche Diskussion. Wie bekannt, vertrat Winckelmann den aufkommenden Klassizismus. Er setzte die griechische Kunst auf die h$\"{o}$chste Rangstufe auf und bezeichnet sie als Tr$\"{a}$ger der sogenannten "edlen Einfalt und stillen Gr$\"{o}{\beta}$e, die sonst in der Natur verborgen bleibe. Nach Winckelmann sollte der K$\"{u}$nstler die griechischen Vorbilder wie Apollo von Belvedere und Laokoon nachahmen, um das wesentlich Sch$\"{o}$ne zu erlernen. Falconet $\"{u}$bte eine scharfe Kritik gegen die Meinung Winckelmanns und die Diletantismus in der Kunstkritik aus. Selbst als Theoretiker warf er vor, dass die Klassizisten um ihr dogmatisch struktuiertes Lehrgeb$\"{a}$ude willen alle andere Eigenschaften der Kunst sowie Kunstwerke $\"{u}$bersahen und ihre Apotheose der klassischen Kunst auf die Entwicklung der Kunst eher als Hindernis wirkte. Im besonderen Hinblick auf den Ausdruck der menschlichen Leidenschaft distanzierte Falconet sich von der Lehrmeinung des Klassizismus, n$\"{a}$mlich Zur$\"{u}$ckhaltung derselben Leidenschaft wegen der idealen Sch$\"{o}$nheit. Vor dem Laokoon teilten Falconet und die Klassizisten ihre Meinung un$\"{u}$berbr$\"{u}$ckbar voneinander. F$\"{u}$r diese war der Laokoon die Repr$\"{a}$sentation des erhabenen Menschen, der leidet, ohne seinen Affekt zu enth$\"{u}$llen. Im Gegensatz sah Falconet in demselben Werk einen erlungenen Ausdruck des menschlichen Gef$\"{u}$hls. Sein Deb$\"{u}$twerk ist also die Visualisierung seiner Kunstauffassung. Unter Einfluss Pierre Pugets sowie seines Lehrers Jean-Baptiste Lemoyne bem$\"{u}$ht er sich darum, den Ausdruck der menschlichen Leidenschaft durch kunsttechnische Leistung und wissenschaftliche Forschung zu erstarken. Daraus ergab sich die expressive Ausdrucksform des Affekts. In diesem Fall verband sich Falconet mit der Tradition des barocken Kunstwollens, aber er ging einen Schritt weiter, indem er die Ausdrucksweise noch realistischer und lebendiger zu machen vermag. Faconet war vielleicht der einzige K$\"{u}$nstler, der Vorteile det barocken Kunst ausnut zen konnte, ohne dabei die klassische und realistische Formensprache zu verlieren. Dutch sein Werk und seine theoretischen Schriften er$\"{o}$ffnete er neue Prinzipien sowohl f$\"{u}$r die Kunstpraxis als auch f$\"{u}$r die Kunstkritik, deren wesentliche Sinn jedoch erst in der Romantik anerkannt wurde.