• Toxicological Research
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• v.13 no.1_2
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• pp.157-160
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• 1997

The primary skin and eye irritancy of the combined vaccine (KGCC-95VI) for the prophylaxis against Japanese encephalitis and Hantaan virus infection recently developed by Korea Green Cross Corporation was investigated. The KGCC-95VI was applied to the back skins of the New Zealand White rabbits. The rabbits were observed for 72 hours and did not exhibit erythema, eschar and edema. The eyes of the rabbits were exposed to the KGCC-95VI. The rabbits were observed for 7 days and did not exhibit any ocular findings on cornea, iris and conjuntivae. The KGCC-95VI is considered not to have the primary skin and eye toxicity in rabbits.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.563-567
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• 2013

An ocular Toxocara canis infection is reported for the first time in Vietnam. A 34-year-old man residing in a village of Son La Province, North Vietnam, visited the National Eye Hospital (NEH) in August 2011. He felt a bulge-sticking pain in his left eye and loss of vision occurred over 3 months before visiting the hospital. The eye examination in the hospital showed damage of the left eye, red eye, retinal fibrosis, retinal detachment, inflammation of the eye tissues, retinal granulomas, and a parasitic cyst inside. A larva of Toxocara was collected with the cyst by a medical doctor by surgery. Comparison of 264 nucleotides of internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) of ribosomal DNA was done between our Vietnamese Toxocara canis and other Toxocara geographical isolates, including Chinese T. canis, Japanese T. canis, Sri Lankan T. canis, and Iranian T. canis. The nucleotide homology was 97-99%, when our T. canis was compared with geographical isolates. Identification of a T. canis infection in the eye by a molecular method was performed for the first time in Vietnam.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.221-223
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• 2012

A 26-year-old man residing in a village of Thai Nguyen Province, North Vietnam, visited the Thai Nguyen Provincial Hospital in July 2008. He felt a bulge-sticking pain in his left eye and extracted 5 small nematode worms by himself half a day before visiting the hospital. Two more worms were extracted from his left eye by a medical doctor, and they were morphologically observed and genetically analyzed on the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase 1 gene. The worms were 1 male and 1 female, and genetically identical with those of Thelazia callipaeda. By the present study, the presence of human T. callipaeda infection is first reported in Vietnam.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.229-231
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• 2012

Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic parasite resulting in human infections and one of the infectious pathogens leading to uveitis and retinochoroiditis. The present study was performed to assess T. gondii infection in 20 ocular patients with chronic irregular recurrent uveitis (20 aqueous humor and 20 peripheral blood samples) using PCR. All samples were analyzed by nested PCR targeting a specific B1 gene of T. gondii. The PCR-positive rate was 25% (5/20), including 5% (1) in blood samples, 25% (5) in aqueous humor samples, and 5% (1) in both sample types. A molecular screening test for T. gondii infection in ocular patients with common clinical findings of an unclear retinal margin and an inflammatory membrane over the retina, as seen by fundus examination, may be helpful for early diagnosis and treatment.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.261-270
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• 1986

A total of 339 urethral, vaginal swab and eye discharge materials from the out-patients in the hospitals of Seoul area was microbiologically collected for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis infection during May through August, 1985. McCoy cell culture system (MCC) and enzyme-likned immunosorbent assay (EIA) methods were employed in this study as the tools for the detection of C. trachomatis, and the detectabilities of two methods were compared. The results obtained in this study are summarized as follows: 1. The positive rate of C. trachomatis in 339 swab specimens was 18.6%, and the rate in females (20.1%) was much higher than that in males (7.1%). 2. The positive rate of C. trachomatis infection the prostitutes was the highest (24.2%), and the rate in the eye discharge specimens obtained from the new barns was 12.8%. 3. The positive rates of C. trachmoatis infection detected in the specimens from the patients with vaginitis and leucorrhea, with infertility, with cystitis and with nongonococcal urethritis were 17.2%, 21.9%. 18.0% and 7.1%, respectively. 4. The positive rate of C. trachomatis infection in 20-25 age group was 30.5%. This rate was the highest among the other age groups. 5. The positive rate of C. trachomatis infection in the randomly screened 89 swab specimens by EIA (30.3%) was much higher than the rate detected by MCC (18.6%). 6. The positive rate of C. trachomatis infection in females detected by EIA was also much higher than in males, and the 20-25 age group showed the highest positive rate as compared to the other age groups. 7. Sensitivity and specificity of EIA for the detection on C. trachomatis were 100% and 88.6%, respectively, in case that MCC was regarded as perfect method. In summarizing the above results, it is known that considerable cases with genital diseases and with eye discharges were associated with C. trachomatis, and that EIA method is recommendable for the detection of C. trachomatis especially in the specimens swabed from the genital tracts.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.300-303
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• 2018

Intraorbital wooden foreign bodies may present difficulties in diagnosis due to their radiolucent nature. Delayed recognition and management can cause significant complications. We present a case report that demonstrates these problems and the sequela that can follow. A 56-year-old man presented with a 3-cm laceration in the right upper eyelid, sustained by a slipping accident. After computed tomography (CT) scanning and ophthalmology consultation, which revealed no fractures and suggested only pneumophthalmos, the wound was repaired by a plastic surgery resident. Ten days later, the patient's eyelid displayed signs of infection including pus discharge. Antibiotics and revisional repair failed to solve the infection. Nearly 2 months after the initial repair, a CT scan revealed a large wooden fragment in the superomedial orbit. Surgical exploration successfully removed the foreign body and inflamed pocket, and the patient healed uneventfully. However, the prolonged intraorbital infection had caused irreversible damage to the superior rectus muscle, with upgaze diplopia persisting 1 year after surgery and only minimal muscle function remaining. We report this case to warn clinicians of the difficulties in early diagnosis of intraorbital wooden foreign bodies and the grave prognosis of delayed management.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.323-327
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• 2016

A man with only yellowing of the skin and eye sclera was diagnosed with clonorchiasis, which rarely manifested jaundice as the initial symptom. However, because of a lack of evidence for a diagnostic gold standard, the time until definitive diagnosis was more than a week. The diagnostic process relied on inquiring about the patient's history, including the place of residence, dietary habits, and symptoms, as well as on serological findings, an imaging examination, and pathological findings. MRCP and CT results showed mild dilatation of intrahepatic ducts and increased periductal echogenicity. The eggs were ultimately found in stool by water sedimentation method after the negative report through direct smear. DNA sequencing of PCR production of the eggs demonstrated 98-100% homology with ITS2 of Clonorchis sinensis. After anti-parasite medical treatment, the patient's symptoms were gradually relieved. Throughout the diagnostic procedure, besides routine examinations, the sedimentation method or concentration method could be used as a sensitive way for both light and heavy C. sinensis infection in the definite diagnosis.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.324-328
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• 2019

Intraorbital infection shows a low incidence, but it might cause blindness or even death. This case is unusual in that its origin from a craniofacial bone fracture prior to infection of the maxillary sinus. A 33-year-old female patient was referred for right cheek swelling. When she visited the emergency room, we removed right cheek hematoma and bacterial examination was done. In the past, she had craniofacial bone surgical history due to a traffic accident 6 years ago. Next day, the swelling had remained with proptosis and pus was recognized in the conjunctiva. We planned an emergency operation and removed the pus which was already spread inside the orbit. And the evaluation for sinusitis was consulted to the otorhinolaryngology department simultaneously. There were Prevotella oralis and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis bacterial infection in the intraorbital and sinus respectively. Afterwards, the vigorous dressing was done for over a month with intravenous antibiotics. Though the intraorbital infection was resolved, blindness and extraocular movement limitation were inevitable. In conclusion, close follow up of the maxillary sinus in facial bone fracture patients is important and aggressive treatment is needed when an infection is diagnosed.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.186-189
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• 2011

In recent years the immunocompromised population has increased rapidly to include people with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), drug abusers, and transplant patients. Accordingly, the incidence of intracranial fungal infection has increased. Our institution experienced 2 cases of internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion due to invasion of the cavernous sinus by an intracranial fungal infection. The first case was a 60-year-old man who presented with headache, eye pain, conjunctival injection, right-sided diplopia, and blurred vision. Infected tissues within the frontal and ethmoid sinuses were removed via bifrontal craniotomy and endoscopic sinus surgery through the Caldwell Luc approach. The second case was a 63-year-old woman who developed right-sided facial pain after a tooth extraction. The infection was not controlled despite continuous use of antifungal agents, resulting in death from sepsis. We believe that when intracranial fungal infection is suspected in a patient with orbital symptoms and a focal neurologic deficit, immediate angiographic investigation of possible ICA occlusion is warranted. Aggressive treatment with antifungal agents is the only way to improve prognosis.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.15-19
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• 2018

A three-year-old male Thoroughbred horse with corneal opacity in his left eye was donated to Chonbuk National University for anatomical study. Upon gross observation, two whitish parasites were moving swiftly within the vitreous chamber of the eyeball. The worms obtained from the eye after anatomical dissection were identified as Setaria digitata by morphological observation with light and scanning electron microscopes; one male (43 mm in length) and one female (55 mm) were found. This aberrant ocular infection by S. digitata is the first case reported in horses in Korea.