• The Academic Congress of Korean Shoulder and Elbow Society
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• 2009.03a
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• pp.175-175
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• 2009

Despite its importance for the understanding of joint kinematics in vivo, there has been few studies about shoulder joints. The purpose of this study is to analyze the glenohumeral joint during internal and external rotation at 90 degrees of abduction using in vivo noninvasive motion analysis system. MRI was performed for the following seven positions from maximum internal rotation to maximum external rotation at intervals of 30 degrees. We used 3D-gradient echo sequencing (TR: 12 ms, TE: 5.8 ms, 0.8 mm-slice thickness). Our method is based on matching three-dimensional MR images by the similarity of the image intensity. We analyzed the in vivo three-dimensional motions of the glenohumeral and scapulothoracic joint during this motion. In scapla plane, the mean rotation angle of the glenohumeral join was 105.5 degrees ($SD{\pm}39.0^{\circ}$). The mean rotation angle of the scapulothracic joint was 27.5 degrees ($SD\;{\pm}\;7.7^{\circ}$). The contribution ratio is almost 3.8:1 of glenohumeral and scapulothracic joint respectively.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.22-32
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• 2012

Objectives : In this study, Samhwangsaejaegami extract was tested to prove its anti-atopic dermatitis effect on NC/Nga mice. Methods : In order to evaluate the external use effects of Samhwangsaejae extract on anti-atopic dermatitis, the expression of filaggrin, serine palmitoyltransferase(SPT), and COX-2 were analyzed. In vivo study, clinical skin severity score, IgE, IL-4, IL-5 and IL-6 level were analyzed through NC/Nga atopic mice model after 12 weeks external treatment. Results : In vitro study results showed the reduction in the expression of filaggrin, SPT, and COX-2. In vivo study results demonstrated the significant reduction in clinical skin severity score, IgE, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6 expression level. Conclusions : These results showed Samhwangsaejaegami extract can be a promising candidate for anti-atopic dermatitis treatment.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the developed dose verification program for in vivo dosimetry based on transit dose in radiotherapy. Five intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) plans of lung cancer patients were used in the irradiation of a homogeneous solid water phantom and anthropomorphic phantom. Transit dose distribution was measured using electronic portal imaging device (EPID) and used for the calculation of in vivo dose in patient. The average passing rate compared with treatment planning system based on a gamma index with a 3% dose and a 3 mm distance-to-dose agreement tolerance limit was 95% for the in vivo dose with the homogeneous phantom, but was reduced to 81.8% for the in vivo dose with the anthropomorphic phantom. This feasibility study suggested that transit dose-based in vivo dosimetry can provide information about the actual dose delivery to patients in the treatment room.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2012

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) stand at the frontier of nanotechnology and are destined to stimulate the next industrial revolution. Rapid increase in their production and use in the technology industry have led to concerns over the effects of CNT on human health and the environment. The prominent use of CNTs in biomedical applications also increases the possibility of human exposure, while properties such as their high aspect ratio (fiber-like shape) and large surface area raise safety concerns for human health if exposure does occur. It is crucial to develop viable alternatives to in vivo tests in order to evaluate the toxicity of engineered CNTs and develop validated experimental models capable of identifying CNTs' toxic effects and predicting their level of toxicity in the human respiratory system. Human lung epithelial cells serve as a barrier at the interface between the surrounding air and lung tissues in response to exogenous particles such as air-pollutants, including CNTs. Monolayer culture of the key individual cell types has provided abundant fundamental information on the response of these cells to external perturbations. However, such systems are limited by the absence of cell-cell interactions and their dynamic nature, which are both present in vivo. In this review, we suggested two viable alternatives to in vivo tests to evaluate the health risk of human exposure to CNTs.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.731-735
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• 2007

We developed the 4channel Light Medical Therapy Apparatus for External Injury Cure using a high brightness LED. This equipment was fabricated using a micro-controller and a high brightness LED, and designed to enable us to control light irradiation time, intensity, frequency and so on, Especially, to control the light irradiation frequency, FPGA was used, and to control the change of output value, TLC5941 was used. Control stage is divided into 4 levels by program. Consequently, the current value could be controlled by the change of level in Continue Wave(CW) and the output of a high brightness LED could be controlled stage by stage. Compared with one LED irradiation, several LEDs irradiation could increase optical power.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.258-262
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• 2007

The antifungal activity of the essential oil fraction from Thymus magus, and its major component thymol, against Candida albicans was investigated in vitro and in vivo. The combined effects of the oils and clotrimazole, a commonly used antifungal drug for treatment of external candidiasis, were evaluated in this study. In experimental vaginal candidiasis the essential oil fraction of T. magnus resulted in relatively milder inhibition of fungal growth following the inoculation of test mice compared to clotrimazole. However, new fungal growth was not detected up to 12 days after cessation of treatment. In contrast, in a similar experiment using clotrimazole, C. albicans was detected in the $12^{th}$ day post-treatment with the sample. This result indicates that T. magnus oil could be a promising drug to control vaginal candidiasis. In checkerboard titer tests, the combination of clotrimazole with the essential oil fraction of T. magus or T. quinquecostatus resulted in significant synergism, with FIC indices between 0.14 and 0.27 against C. albicans, while clotrimazole combined with thymol, the major component of these oils, produced only an additive effect, with FIC indices ranging between 0.50 and 1.00. Thus, the prominent synergistic effects of clotrimazole combined with T. magus essential oil indicate that these compounds may be an effective treatment for C. albicans infections.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.296.1-296.1
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• 2003

Purpose. External gel formulations of prostaglandin E1 ethyl ester (PGE1-EE), a prod rug of PGE1 as a therapeutic agent for erectile dysfunction, were tried and evaluated by in vitro skin penetration characteristics and in vivo pharmacodynamic effects in cat. Method. The in vitro skin penetration was performed with Franz diffusion cell and examined in aspects of alcohol/polyol ratios and various enhancers. (omitted)

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.5-10
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• 1994

In vivo canine model was made in two mongrel dogs under the general Ⅰ-Ⅴ anesthesia. A vertical skin incision was made on the neck, the larynx and the trachea were dissected. Two tracheal openings were made : lower one for the insertion of the anesthesia tube and upper one for the delivery of air to the larynx to induce phonation. External branch of the superior laryngeal nerves and recurrent laryngeal nerves bilaterally were identified and stimulated electrically constantly. Subglottic pressure. fundamental frequency, intensity, and open quotient were measured when the air flow rate was varying low, medium and high. Glottic resistence was calculated. As the air flow rate was increased, the subglottic pressure and the sound intensity were increased. However, glottic resistance was decreased as the air flow was increased. In falsetto register, fundamenatal frequency was increased with the increment of air flow, but in modal register fundamental frequency was not increased statistically significant Open quotient by the electroglottography was increased according to the increment of airflow.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.2050-2056
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• 2024

Handling of radioisotopes may cause external and internal contamination to occupational workers while using radiation for medical purposes. This research aims to monitor the internal hazard of occupational workers who handle ¹³¹I. Two methods are used: in vivo or direct method and in vitro or indirect method. The in vivo or direct method was performed by assessing thyroid intake with a thyroid uptake monitoring machine. The in vitro or indirect method was performed by assessing urine samples with the help of a gamma-ray spectroscopy practice using a High-Purity Germanium (HPGe) Detector. In this study, fifty-nine thyroid counts and fifty-nine urine samples were collected from seven occupational workers who were in charge of ¹³¹I at the National Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (NINMAS), Dhaka. The result showed that the average annual effective dose of seven workforces from thyroid counts were 0.0208 mSv/y, 0.0180 mSv/y, 0.0135 mSv/y, 0.0169 m Sv/y, 0.0072 mSv/y, 0.0181 mSv/y, 0.0164 mSv/y and in urine samples 0.0832 mSv/y, 0.0770 mSv/y, 0.0732 mSv/y, 0.0693 mSv/y, 0.0715 mSv/y, 0.0662 mSv/y, 0.0708 mSv/y.The total annual effective dose (in vivo and in vitro method) was found among seven workers in average 0.1039 mSv/y, 0.0950 mSv/y, 0.0868 mSv/y, 0.0862 mSv/y, 0.0787 mSv/y, 0.0843 mSv/y, 0.0872 mSv/y. Following the rules of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), the annual limit of effective dose for occupational exposure is 20 mSv per year and the finding values from this research work are lesser than this safety boundary.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.293-299
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• 2001

Prupose : LiF TLD has a problem to be used in vivo dosimetry because of the toxic property of LiF. The aim of this study is to develop new dosimeter with LiF TLD to be used in vivo dosimetry. Materials and methods : We designed and manufactured the teflon box(here after TLD holder) to put TLD in. The external size of TLD holder is $4\times4\times1\;mm^3$ To estimate the effect of TLD holder on TLD response for radiation, the linearity of TLD response to nominal dose were measured for TLD in TLD holder. Measurement were peformed in the 10 MV x-ray beam with LiF TLD using a solid water phantom at SSD of 100 cm. Percent Depth Dose (PDD) and Tissue-Maximum Ratio (TMR) with varying phantom thickness on TLD were measured to find the effect of TLD holder on the dose coefficient used for dose calculation in radiation therapy. Results : The linearity of response of TLD in TLD holder to the nominal dose was improved than TLD only used as dosimeter And in various measurement conditions, it makes a marginnal difference between TLD in TLD holder and TLD only in their responses. Conclusion : It was proven that the TLD in TLD holder as a new dosimetry could be used in vivo dosimetry.