• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.137-145
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• 2007

Pulse diagnosis that distinguishes internal injury from external injury by comparing the left and right of the chon pulse was formed in the process of Naegyoung's pulsation theory of ST9 and LU9 being assimilated into diagnostic method by taking chon pulse. The founder of school of internal injury, I Dong-won, expanded the horizon for this method to be widely used in clinical practice by especially explaining the specific application and theoretical background. According to him, pulse at ST9 which means chon pulse at the left hand, is bigger than the chon pulse at the right hand, it reflects external injury. Bigger "entrance pulse", a chon pulse at the right hand means internal injury. The reason is the left side of the body is a path for Yanggi so it controls the exterior part and the right side of the body is a path for Eumgi to descend so it controls the interior part. Internal injury develops as the spleen and stomach get injured. If the spleen and stomach is damaged essence derived from food cannot ascend to the stomach and will flow back to the lower part. As a result, fire of Eum type formed at the lower part will shoot up to the upper part and manifests external injury-like exterior syndromes. In this case, evidence distinguishing between internal and external injury is the fact that right hand pulse is bigger than the left hand. The important reason for distinguishing between internal and external injury is because when treating external injury caused by excess syndrome, pathogenic Gi should be dispelled. However, treating internal injury cased by deficiency syndrome, requires promoting the primordial Gi.

• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.50-59
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• 2023

본 연구에서 강원도 강릉시에 위치한 A기관의 2020년, 2021년의 2년간 데이터를 중심으로 손상으로 입원한 환자를 손상 코드별로 분석하고자 하였다. 각 연도별 발생인원이 많은 손상코드를 분석하였으며, 이에 따른 손상외인코드를 분석하였다. 손상외인 코드의 빈도수를 분석하여 손상코드의 발생 원인을 분석하였다. 손상코드 S0650는 손상외인코드 W189, X5999의 빈도수가 가장 많았으며, 이는 상세불명의 장소 또는 화장실에서 넘어졌을 때 열린 두개 내 상처 없는 외상성 경막하 출혈의 원인으로 판단하였다. 손상코드 S72120는 손상외인코드 W010, W180의 빈도수가 가장 많았으며, 주거지에서 넘어질 때 발생하는 폐쇄성 대퇴골전자간 골절의 원인이 되는 것으로 판단하였다. 손상코드 S32090은 X5999의 빈도수가 많았으며, 상세불명의 장소에서 노출에 의한 사고로 요추 부위의 폐쇄성 골절의 원인 되는 것으로 분석 하였으며, 손상코드 S72.090에서 발생되는 손상외인 코드는 W010, W180의 빈도수가 많은 것을 확인하였다. 주로 주거지에서 미끄러지거나 헛디딤으로 인해 대퇴골 경부의 폐쇄성 골절의 원인이 되는 것을 확인 할 수 있었으며, 손상코드 S0220은 Y049의 손상외인코드의 빈도수가 높았으며, 주로 완력 또는 주먹에 의해 비골이 골절되는 것을 확인하였다. 이와 같이 손상코드 별 손상외인코드의 빈도수를 분석하여 손상코드의 발생 원인을 분석하였다.

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.153-166
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• 2001

Lee Dong-won based on the machanism of internal disease founded on Umhwa and Wonki in discriminating internal injury from external. His general idea of discrimination of internal injury from external could be thought as an reinterpretation of the concept from "Neijing", to Triple heater Wonki and ascending and descending of stomach qi. He distinguished between Yin disease and Yang disease and classified into internal and external injury. "Insufficiency of yang brings about cold syndrome." and "An excess of yang brings about heat syndrome." are considered as external infection, and "Insufficiency of yin brings about heat syndrome." and "An excess of yin brings about cold syndrome." as internal injury.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2006

Purpose: Injury is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality for children. As an injury prevention measure, the differences in external causes of severe pediatric injuries based on ICECI were analyzed according to age groups. Methods: A retrospective study was performed for pediatric patients under 15 years of age, who had been admitted to the emergency department with severe injuries from January 1998 to December 2004. The external causes of injury were investigated according to the ICECI: intent, mechanisms, places of occurrence, objects/substances producing injury, and related activities. The patients were divided into four groups based on age: infant (<0 year), toddler (1~4 years), preschool age (5~8 years), and school age (9~15 years). Results: The injury mechanisms, the places of occurrence and the related objects/substances vary with the age groups. The most common subtype of traffic accidents was pedestrian injury in pre-school age group. Falls most frequently occurred in the toddler group. But falls from a height of less than l meter height (6 patients) occurred only in the infant group. The most common place of occurrence in the infant group was the home, and that of other groups was the road. The related objects/substances for falls, for example, household furnitures and playground equipment depended on the age group. Conclusion: The age-group specific characteristics of severe pediatric injury were analyzed successfully through the ICECI. Therefore, when establishing a plan for the prevention of pediatric injury, consideration must be given to the differences in the external causes of injuries according to age group.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.298-303
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• 2023

Unstable pelvic ring injuries are potentially life-threatening and associated with high mortality and complication rates in polytrauma patients. The most common cause of death in patients with pelvic ring injuries is massive bleeding. With resuscitation, external fixation can be performed as a temporary stabilization procedure for hemostasis in unstable pelvic fractures. Internal fixation following temporary external fixation of the pelvic ring yields superior and more reliable stabilization. However, a time-consuming extended approach to open reduction and internal fixation of the pelvic ring is frequently precluded by an unacceptable physiologic condition and/or concomitant injuries in patients with multiple injuries. Conservative treatment may lead to pelvic ring deformity, which is associated with various functional disabilities such as limb length discrepancy, gait disturbance, and sitting intolerance. Therefore, if the patient is not expected to be suitable for additional surgery due to a poor expected physiologic condition, definitive external fixation in combination with various percutaneous screw fixations to restore the pelvic ring should be considered in the acute phase. Herein, we report a case of unstable pelvic ring injury successfully treated with definitive external fixation and percutaneous screw fixation in the acute phase in a severely injured polytrauma patient.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.38-50
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship among injury prevention practices, health locus of control, and response patterns to HLOC of the elderly. Subjects were 121 healthy elderly. The data had been collected from November 5 to 18 in 2001 and analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation and stepwise multiple regression. Health locus of control and injury prevention practices were measured by using MHLC scale and an instrument created by the researcher on the basis of the results of literature review respectively. The results of this study were as follows: The mean score of injury prevention practices was 2.80 and the mean scores for the health locus of control were internal health locus of control : 17.25, external health locus of control : 16.09, and chance health locus of control : 14.26. The response patterns of the HLOC identified were six types; pure internal, pure powerful others, pure chance, double external, believers in control, and complex control. The 'pure internal' was the largest group(35.5%), and the 'believers in control' was the next(31.4%). The relationship between internal health locus of control and the injury prevention practices of the elderly revealed a significant correlation(r=.215, p=.018). The relationship between external health locus of control and the injury prevention practices of the elderly revealed a significant correlation (r= .208, p=.022). There was significant difference between response patterns of the health locus of control and injury prevention practices(F=2.393, p=.042). There were significant differences between injury prevention practices and general characteristic factors, which were education, family type, administration of medication, injury experience, ADL, and self-directed search for health information. Self-directed search for health information, injury experience, and education explained 16.7% of the variance for injury prevention practices. The above results may be used as the basic data for seeking more efficient way of improving safety of the elderly.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.215-218
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• 2015

Traumatic iliac vessel injuries constitute approximately 25% of all abdominal vascular injuries. Hospital mortality has been reported at 25~60% and is a result of uncontrolled hemorrhage and hypovolemic shock caused by extensive blood loss. We report the case of a 25-year-old female patient who experienced an external iliac artery injury caused by abdominal minimal stab wound. Traumatic iliac vessel injuries are life-threatening complication of abdominal or pelvic injuries and prompt diagnosis and accurate treatment are important.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.22-26
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• 2011

Purpose: To report the effectiveness of adding distal fibular external rotation stress test on the traditional lateral stress Cotton test in evaluating distal tibiofibular syndesmotic injuries. Materials and Methods: We evaluated syndesmotic injuries with intraoperative stress test during treating ankle fractures from March 2009 to September 2010. External rotation of distal fibula using small elevator was added on traditional stress test in case of suspicious syndesmotic injury. We retrospectively reviewed and compared the results of each test in 44 cases for which we tried both tests. Results: In 9 cases of positive traditional lateral stress tests, positive results were obtained in all cases by additional external rotation tests. In 21 cases of negative traditional stress tests, additional stress tests results were also negative. But there were 10 cases of positive additional tests and 4 of negative additional tests in equivocal results cases by the traditional stress tests. Conclusion: Using additional external rotation stress test in case of equivocal test result by the traditional lateral stress Cotton test for evaluation of syndesmotic injury during operation for ankle fracture can be a supplemental method to clarify syndesmotic injury needs fixation.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.411-415
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• 2023

An odontoid process fracture is a serious type of cervical spine injury. This injury is categorized into three types based on the location of the fracture. Severe or even fatal neurological deficits can occur due to associated cord injury, which can result in complete quadriplegia. Computed tomography is the primary diagnostic tool, while magnetic resonance imaging is used to evaluate any associated cord injuries. These injuries can occur either directly from the injury or during transportation to the hospital if mishandled. There are two main treatment approaches: surgical fixation or external nonsurgical fixation, with various types and models of fixation devices available. In this case study, computed tomography follow-up confirmed that external fixation can yield successful results in terms of complete healing, even in cases complicated by other factors that may impede healing, such as pregnancy.

• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2014

A new dummy has improved biofidelity from Fair to Good compare with EuroSID2re which is currently used for regulation tests and NCAP tests. Some instrumentation of each body region has been changed to measure the assessment of injury risk. The objective of this study is to find out the injury characteristic of each dummy and to calculate the relation between external force and injury for each dummy with pendulum tests. Finally, this study suggests the optimized external force to meet consumer tests. A new dummy named WorldSID for side impact will be introduced into EuroNCAP tests after 2015. Korea government is also planning to adopt WorldSID at KNCAP tests from 2017 and Global Technical Regulation (GTR) will also adopt WorldSID to oblique side pole crash.