• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2008년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.906-911
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• 2008

Because the perimeter of buildings is strongly influenced by solar and the outdoor air temperature, the area has different environmental properties compared to the interior of a building, as in summer heat gain, and in winter heat loss. In particular, if the external wall is glass, the characteristics of the glass material make it pervious to outside conditions, thereby making big changes to the thermal environment. By combining shading device and the efficient exhaust system, an energy saving can be achieved compared to no air barrier systems. The simplified air barrier system is developed with the idea that energy could be conserved by carefully and effectively blowing out the air caught between the glass surface and the roller blind. The way it is configured is therefore by making the roller blind's air-path, and by placing the air output ducts in the most optimum positions. This simplified air barrier system will give improvement in the thermal environment of the parameter area that is strongly affected by solar and the outdoor condition.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.543-549
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• 2022

Background: In physical activity or labor, the human body is in a state of high intensity stress, and all parts or physiological functions of the body respond positively to maintain or balance the need for movement. The human body has many physiological changes in the process of movement, and fatigue is the external manifestation of various complex changes inside the human body. Fatigue is also a physiological mechanism of self-protection after the body reaches a certain level of activity, which can prevent the occurrence of life-threatening excessive functional failure. The generation of fatigue is a very complex process, and its mechanism has not been concluded yet. Therefore, it is an important work to search and screen the effective components of natural plants that have anti-fatigue effect and to explore their mechanism. Methods: This was a 8-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. A total of 110 subjects who passed physical examination were included according to the scheme design, and randomly divided into a test group which was given KRG and a placebo control group. The calculation is carried out according to the standard of sub-high-intensity exercise test. Results: There was no adverse effect on safety index of subjects after taking red ginseng capsule. After KRG treatment, subjective strength grade is significant lower than placebo treatment. Blood lactic acid content is significantly get lower after trial in KRG group, and significant lower than placebo group. Creatine phosphokinase(CK) content is significantly get lower after trial in KRG group, and significant lower than placebo group. Conclusion: According to the criterion in the test scheme, the result shows that KRG is helpful on relieving physical fatigue.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.185-193
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• 2014

강도다리, Platichthys stellatus의 먹이섭식, 성장 및 무안측 흑화에 있어 수온, 수조색상 및 조도의 영향을 파악하기 위해, 본 연구에서는 전장(TL) $17.3{\pm}0.5cm$ 및 체중(BW) $82.5{\pm}0.2g$의 양성어 중 정상 개체만을 선별하여, 6월에서 12월까지 180일 동안 환경 조건별 실험을 실시하였다. 실험은 국방색과 흰색수조($H100cm{\times}L100cm{\times}W100cm$; bottom area $1m^2$)를 이용하여 평균 조도 230 lux와 1,000 lux에서 2반복으로 실시하였다. 이 때 실험 밀도는 100마리/수조(430% of initial covering area [PCA])였다. 본 실험에서는 실험 기간동안, 수온 및 염분과 일간먹이섭식량(DFI)의 상관관계를 조사하였고, DFI, 먹이효율(FE), 성장, 생존율, 무안측 흑화률 및 흑화개체 비율을 실험구별로 비교하였다. DFI는 염분과의 상관관계는 보이지 않았지만, 겨울과 여름철 0.5 g/fish/day까지 유의하게 감소하고, 반대로 수온 $10{\sim}20^{\circ}C$인 가을에 1.5 g/fish/day 이상 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 이러한 결과는 강도다리 양식은 수온 $10{\sim}20^{\circ}C$에서 이루어져야 함을 내포하고 있다. 또한 DFI, FE 및 생존율은 배경색상과 조도의 영향을 받지 않았다. 또한 가자미류의 무안측 흑화 발현 인자로 알려진 200% PCA 이상의 높은 밀도, 어두운 배경색상과 과도하게 밝은 조도가 강도다리에게 아무런 영향을 미치지 않았다.

• 대한정형외과 초음파학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.86-90
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• 2008

서론: 견관절의 극상건에 발생한 석회화 건염에 대한 맹검 주사요법과 초음파하 주사요법의 결과를 비교하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 증상이 있는 27세에서 69세 사이의 견관절 석회화 건염 36례를 대상으로 하였으며, 석회화 부위에 21-게이지 바늘을 이용하여 다발성 천공 후 주변부에 증식요법 주사제를 주입하였다. 19명은 맹검하에 시행하였으며 평균 나이는 52.2세(27~64세)이었고, 17명은 초음파하에서 시행하였으며 평균 나이는 49.0세(31~69세)였다. 평가항목으로 통증에 대한 시각점수척도(Visual analogue scale)와 견관절 운동범위(굴곡, 외전, 외회전)를 측정하였다. 결과: 시술전 두 군간의 통증에 대한 시각점수척도와 운동범위는 통계학적 차이가 없었다(p>0.05). 시술후 두 군 모두 시술전과 비교시 통증에 대한 시각점수척도와 운동범위는 의미있는 호전을 보였으며, 시술후 통증에 대한 시각점수척도 및 운동범위의 호전 정도는 맹검 시술군과 초음파하 시술군 사이에 통계학적으로 의미있는 차이를 보였다(통증에 대한 시각점수척도:p=0.001, 굴곡:p=0.000, 외전: p=0.000, 외회전: p=0.016). 결론: 극상건의 석회화 건염에 대한 초음파하에서 시행되는 주사요법은 맹검하에서 시행하는 것보다 더 양호한 결과를 보여, 시술을 시행함에 있어 초음파의 사용은 매우 유용한 것으로 사료된다.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.57-81
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• 2008

Knowledge is an essential strategic weapon for sustaining competitive advantage and is the key determinant for organizational growth. When knowledge is shared and disseminated throughout the organization, it increases an organization's value by providing the ability to respond to new and unusual situations. The growing importance of knowledge as a critical resource has forced executives to pay attention to their organizational knowledge. Organizations are increasingly undertaking knowledge management initiatives and making significant investments. Knowledge sourcing is considered as the first important step in effective knowledge management. Most firms continue to make an effort to realize the benefits of knowledge management by using various knowledge sources effectively. Appropriate knowledge sourcing strategies enable organizations to create, acquire, and access knowledge in a timely manner by reducing search and transfer costs, which result in better firm performance. In response, the knowledge management literature has devoted substantial attention to the analysis of knowledge sourcing strategies. Many studies have categorized knowledge sourcing strategies into intemal- and external-oriented. Internal-oriented sourcing strategy attempts to increase firm performance by integrating knowledge within the boundary of the firm. On the contrary, external-oriented strategy attempts to bring knowledge in from outside sources via either acquisition or imitation, and then to transfer that knowledge across to the organization. However, the extant literature on knowledge sourcing strategies focuses primarily on large organizations. Although many studies have clearly highlighted major differences between large and small firms and the need to adopt different strategies for different firm sizes, scant attention has been given to analyzing how knowledge sourcing strategies affect firm performance in small firms and what are the differences between small and large firms in the patterns of knowledge sourcing strategies adoption. This study attempts to advance the current literature by examining the impact of knowledge sourcing strategies on small firm performance from a holistic perspective. By drawing on knowledge based theory from organization science and complementarity theory from the economics literature, this paper is motivated by the following questions: (1) what are the adoption patterns of different knowledge sourcing strategies in small firms (i,e., what sourcing strategies should be adopted and which sourcing strategies work well together in small firms)?; and (2) what are the performance implications of these adoption patterns? In order to answer the questions, this study developed three hypotheses. First hypothesis based on knowledge based theory is that internal-oriented knowledge sourcing is positively associated with small firm performance. Second hypothesis developed on the basis of knowledge based theory is that external-oriented knowledge sourcing is positively associated with small firm performance. The third one based on complementarity theory is that pursuing both internal- and external-oriented knowledge sourcing simultaneously is negatively or less positively associated with small firm performance. As a sampling frame, 700 firms were identified from the Annual Corporation Report in Korea. Survey questionnaires were mailed to owners or executives who were most erudite about the firm s knowledge sourcing strategies and performance. A total of 188 companies replied, yielding a response rate of 26.8%. Due to incomplete data, 12 responses were eliminated, leaving 176 responses for the final analysis. Since all independent variables were measured using continuous variables, supermodularity function was used to test the hypotheses based on the cross partial derivative of payoff function. The results indicated no significant impact of internal-oriented sourcing strategies while positive impact of external-oriented sourcing strategy on small firm performance. This intriguing result could be explained on the basis of various resource and capital constraints of small firms. Small firms typically have restricted financial and human resources. They do not have enough assets to always develop knowledge internally. Another possible explanation is competency traps or core rigidities. Building up a knowledge base based on internal knowledge creates core competences, but at the same time, excessive internal focused knowledge exploration leads to behaviors blind to other knowledge. Interestingly, this study found that Internal- and external-oriented knowledge sourcing strategies had a substitutive relationship, which was inconsistent with previous studies that suggested complementary relationship between them. This result might be explained using organizational identification theory. Internal organizational members may perceive external knowledge as a threat, and tend to ignore knowledge from external sources because they prefer to maintain their own knowledge, legitimacy, and homogeneous attitudes. Therefore, integrating knowledge from internal and external sources might not be effective, resulting in failure of improvements of firm performance. Another possible explanation is small firms resource and capital constraints and lack of management expertise and absorptive capacity. Although the integration of different knowledge sources is critical, high levels of knowledge sourcing in many areas are quite expensive and so are often unrealistic for small enterprises. This study provides several implications for research as well as practice. First this study extends the existing knowledge by examining the substitutability (and complementarity) of knowledge sourcing strategies. Most prior studies have tended to investigate the independent effects of these strategies on performance without considering their combined impacts. Furthermore, this study tests complementarity based on the productivity approach that has been considered as a definitive test method for complementarity. Second, this study sheds new light on knowledge management research by identifying the relationship between knowledge sourcing strategies and small firm performance. Most current literature has insisted complementary relationship between knowledge sourcing strategies on the basis of data from large firms. Contrary to the conventional wisdom, this study identifies substitutive relationship between knowledge sourcing strategies using data from small firms. Third, implications for practice highlight that managers of small firms should focus on knowledge sourcing from external-oriented strategies. Moreover, adoption of both sourcing strategies simultaneousiy impedes small firm performance.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.813-817
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• 2007

Purpose: The zygomatic arch is a key element which composes the facial contour. In many cases of zygomatic arch fracture, it is difficult to fix rigidly the fractured segments. If reduced bone segments were not fixed rigidly, they are proven to be displaced by mastication or unintentional external forces. So, unfixed zygomatic arch fracture after reduction may require a external device of prevention of collapse. We introduce a new protector which stabilizing the fractured segments to prevent for collapse of the reduced zygomatic arch fracture. Methods: After reduction of zygomatic arch with blind approach(Gillies', Dingman or Keen's approach), bone segments was pulled with percutaneous traction suture in medial aspect of zygomatic arch. Then, the suture was fixed with Aqua $splint^{(R)}$, externally. And intraoperative and postoperative X-ray was done. The splint was removed on 14 days after the operation. Results: 5 patients were treated with this method. 4 patients of total patients had no collapse in zygomatic arch. There was minimal collapse in one patient. Postoperative complications such as facial nerve injury, mouth opening difficulty, contour deformity, infection, scar were not observed. Conclusion: In comparison with other techniques, this technique has several advantages which are simple and easy method, short operation time, no scar, less soft tissue injury, and facilitated removal of splint. Therefore, Aqua $splint^{(R)}$ would be a good alternative to prevent for collapse in unstable zygomatic arch fractures

• 전자공학회논문지 IE
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.52-59
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• 2006

보행로봇은 평탄 지형에서나 비평탄 지형에서 이동할 수 있다. 지형에 따라 적절한 알고리즘으로 변화시켜 보행할 수 있다. 지금까지의 시각이 없는 로봇에 적합한 걸음새에 대한 논문들은 각 다리의 착지점을 선택하는 방법에 초점을 맞추고 있다. 그러나 본 논문에서는 스트로크와 주기를 변화시켜 비평탄 지형에서도 안정된 등속도 보행을 하는 알고리즘을 제시한다. 이 적응 알고리즘을 적용하여 로봇이 보행을 한다면, 고 기능의 센서를 이용한 복잡한 제어없이 발바닥에 장착된 힘 센서의 신호만으로도 비평탄 지형에서 안정된 등속도 보행이 가능하다. 본 논문에서는 각 다리에 2 자유도를 갖는 4족 로봇으로 평탄 지형과 비평탄 지형에서 물결 걸음새로 보행하는 실험을 하였다. 보행실험을 통하여 적응 알고리즘이 유용함을 증명하였다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.341-348
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• 2013

Identification of the origins of Panax ginseng has been issued in Korea scientifically and economically. We describe a metabolomics approach used for discrimination and prediction of ginseng roots from different origins in Korea. The fresh ginseng roots from six ginseng cooperative associations (Gangwon, Gaeseong, Punggi, Chungbuk, Jeonbuk, and Anseong) were analyzed by UPLC-MS-based approach combined with orthogonal projections to latent structure-discriminant analysis multivariate analysis. The ginsengs from Gangwon and Gaeseong were easily differentiated. We further analyzed the metabolomics results in subgroups. Punggi, Chungbuk, Jeonbuk, and Anseong ginseng could be easily differentiated by the first two orthogonal components. As a validation of the discrimination model, we performed blind prediction tests of sample origins using an external test set. Our model predicted their geographical origins as 99.7% probability. The robust discriminatory power and statistical validity of our method suggest its general applicability for determining the origins of P. ginseng samples.

• Architectural research
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2005

A photoelectric dimming control system for a small private office space with a double skin envelope system was analyzed for the purpose of examining optimum control performances under a variety of daylight conditions. Computer simulations were performed for the three different photosensor types positioned at the center of ceiling in the space. They were applied in both a south and north-facing room. Daylight conditions were a fixed horizontal venetian blind on an external envelope and a retractable shading device on an internal envelope under a clear, intermediate and overcast sky at different times of a day and year. Partially-shielded photosensors provided good control performances providing the required electric light output under clear and intermediate sky conditions. Unshielded photosensors failed to provide necessary illuminance levels producing less electric output and fully-shielded photosensors generally provided excessive light output. Reasonable electric lighting energy savings were achieved except under overcast sky conditions where the control system did not contribute to energy savings due to the less daylight through envelopes. The retractable shading device covering 50% of the internal envelope reduced energy savings up to 19.62%, but the workplane illuminance levels were maintained within recommended ranges. The coefficients of determination between workplane illuminance and photosensor illuminance due to daylight ranged from 0.74 to 0.98. Partially-shielded conditions provided best correlations and the north-facing room yielded stronger correlation than the south-facing room.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.552-556
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• 2006

Purpose: As the use of computed tomographic scanning spread, the diagnosis of blow-out fractures of the medial orbital wall increased. Conventionally, the surgery of blow-out fractures in medial orbital wall was performed by various approaches with external incision or endoscopic approach. Although the field of orbital surgery has progressed significantly during the last decade, accurate realignment and replacement of component is difficult due to lack of visualization of the fracture site, blind dissection of the orbital wall, and difficulty in insertion of implant. In order to overcome these shortcomings, we explored the use of endoscopic transnasal approach together with subciliary approach. Methods: The entrapped periorbital tissues in the ethmoid sinus were completely reduced endoscopically, and the bone defect of medial orbital wall was reconstructed with $Medpor^{(R)}$ insertion via subciliary approach. This technique was applied to 13 patients who had medial orbital wall fracture. Results: The patients were followed-up for 3 to 24 months with an average of 9 months. The postoperative courses were satisfactory in all cases. Conclusion: The conjunction of endoscopic transnasal and subciliary approach technique seems to produce good results in medial orbital wall fracture.