• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.417-425
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• 2020

This paper investigates the potential impact of external factors on bid/no-bid decision for supervision consultant service on construction project in Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam. The data used in this study are secondary data taken from annual reports and sourced from the Department of Public Procurement, Ministry of Planning and Investment in Hanoi. Besides, to identify the impact of external factors on bid/no-bid decision for supervision consultant service on construction project in Hanoi, the study collected data from 272 qualified questionnaires from bidders doing business in Hanoi. Cronbach's Alpha, EFA and regression model are used to explore the impact of each independent variable on bid/no-bid decision for supervision consultant service on construction project. The results show that three external determinants, including Project characteristic (PC), Legal codes (LC) and Competition (C) are affecting bid/no-bid decision for supervision consultant service on construction project in Hanoi. Among them, Project characteristic (PC) and Legal codes (LC) have positive relationships with bid/no-bid decision for supervision consultant service on construction project, whereas Competition (C) negatively affects bid/no-bid decision for supervision consultant service on construction project. It means the more contractors actually participate in a bid, the less bid/ no-bid decisions are made.

• 지식경영연구
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.49-72
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• 2016

Extant research on firm innovation productivity is limited in measuring the innovation productivity, in which they measured firm innovation productivity by using either inputs or outputs of innovation. The present study complemented the extant research by employing Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach to measure firm innovation productivity. Furthermore, this paper examined the effects of firms' external knowledge search, as one of open innovation practices, on firm innovation productivity, for open innovation activities are regarded as an influencing factor on firm innovation productivity in the previous literatures. Using the data of the Korean Innovation Survey (KIS) of manufacturing industries conducted in 2008, this study developed hypotheses in which we considered not only two dimensions of external knowledge search (breadth and depth) but also two subtypes of external knowledge search (market-driven and science-driven). The results found that searching deeply and market-driven search are positively related to firm innovation productivity, but science-driven search is somewhat negatively related to firm innovation productivity. Furthermore, market-driven search can mitigate the negative effect of science-driven search on innovation productivity.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2019

Dramatic increase of population migrating from suburban area to metropolitan area which started in 1990s resulted in the increase of aging population among this area. Centralized population also causes decreased number of students in suburban areas which in turn affects environmental facilities such as school and brings social issue. Additionally, compared to the alternative analysis and data regarding internal spatial arrangement of high school, there are not enough data or information on external spatial arrangement and how to construct such space. Therefore, the main purpose of this thesis is to provide fundamental data which can be used as a reference in improving educational environment of suburban high school by analyzing and investigating various factors including location, accessibility, facility status, and external spatial arrangement based on arrangement type of 8 normal high schools located across Jeju Island where the trend of decreasing number of students is prominent. Following is the result of such investigation. Despite the fact that high schools from suburban areas in Jeju Island possess diversity based on local characteristic, construction of external space is rather inconsistent as the plans regarding external space is not organized. Therefore, there is a need for preparing external spaces appropriate for each school based on the number of students and the characteristic of gymnasium.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.693-707
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• 2019

This paper proposes an integrated safety assessment method that can take multiple sources data into consideration based on a data fusion approach. Data cleaning using the Kalman filter method (KF) was conducted first for monitoring data from each sensor. The inclination data from the four tilt sensors of the same monitoring section have been associated to synchronize in time. Secondly, the finite element method (FEM) model was established to physically correlate the external forces with various structural responses of the shield tunnel, including the measured inclination. Response surface method (RSM) was adopted to express the relationship between external forces and the structural responses. Then, the external forces were updated based on the in situ monitoring data from tilt sensors using the extended Kalman filter method (EKF). Finally, mechanics parameters of the tunnel lining were estimated based on the updated data to make an integrated safety assessment. An application example of the proposed method was presented for an urban tunnel during a nearby deep excavation with multiple source monitoring plans. The change of tunnel convergence, bolt stress and segment internal forces can also be calculated based on the real time deformation monitoring of the shield tunnel. The proposed method was verified by predicting the data using the other three sensors in the same section. The correlation among different monitoring data has been discussed before the conclusion was drawn.

• 정보과학회 논문지
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• 제43권7호
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• pp.820-826
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• 2016

거대한 데이터로부터 가치 있는 정보를 추출해 내는 빅데이터 기술의 필요성은 나날이 커지고 있다. 빅데이터 분석을 위해 사용되는 하둡 시스템은 맵리듀스를 통해 데이터를 처리하였으나, 맵리듀스 프레임워크는 코드 재사용성의 한계, 질의 최적화 기술의 부재 등의 단점을 보인다. 이를 극복하기 위해 SQL-on-Hadoop이라 불리는 하둡 기반의 SQL 질의 처리 기술이 주목받고 있다. SQL-on-Hadoop 기술 중 타조(Tajo)는 국내 개발진이 주축이 되어 개발되었다. 타조는 데이터 분석을 위해 외부합병정렬 알고리즘을 사용하며, 정렬 연산에 영향을 주는 매개변수로 정렬 버퍼 사이즈와 팬-아웃을 가진다. 본 논문은 타조의 정렬 연산에 영향을 미치는 매개변수인 정렬 버퍼 사이즈와 팬-아웃 값에 따른 정렬의 성능 차이를 보인다. 또한 측정한 성능에 대하여 정렬 버퍼 사이즈가 증가함에 따른 CPU 캐시 미스의 비율 증가, 팬-아웃에 따른 합병 단계 수의 변화가 성능 차이의 원인임을 보인다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권11호
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• pp.607-617
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• 2020

This study investigates the causal relationship between public and private external debt and economic growth in developing countries. Our model includes 18 selected Asian developing and transition economies from 1995 thru 2019. We employ the dynamic heterogeneous panel data methods, pooled mean group (PMG), robust cross-sectional augmented autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL), and pairwise panel causality test. The results of PMG and CS-ARDL show the existence of causality between external debt and economic growth both in the short-run and long-run. The pairwise Granger causality test found the bidirectional causal relationship runs from total external debt, public external debt, and private external debt to economic growth and economic growth to external debt. The results showed first the existence of causality in the short-run and long-run between external debt and economic growth and the second, bi-directional causality that runs from external debt to economic growth and economic growth to external debt. Both the dynamic models and robust estimator found the same inferences about the impact of main variables on economic growth in Asian developing and transition economies. The findings of this study suggest to assure debt management, investment in productive sectors, increase domestic savings, decrease external dependency, and focus on international trade.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.606-613
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• 2018

본 연구는 대규모 영상처리를 위한 메모리 확장을 위한 외장 메모리 확장장치 구현에 관련된 내용으로, 이는 영상처리를 위한 그래픽 워크스테이션에 장착되는 PCI(Peripheral Component Interconnect) Express Gen3 x8 인터페이스를 가지는 외장 메모리 어댑터 카드와 외장 DDR(Dual Data Rate) 메모리로 구성된 외장 메모리 보드로 구성되며, 메모리 어댑터 카드와 외장 메모리 보드간의 연결은 광 인터페이스를 통하여 이루어진다. 외장 메모리 억세스를 위해서는 Programmable I/O 방식과 DMA(Direct Memory Access) 방식을 모두 사용할 수 있도록 하여 영상 데이터의 효율적 송수신이 이루어지도록 하였다. 본 연구 결과의 구현은 Altera Stratix V FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array)와 40G 광 트랜시버가 장착된 보드를 사용하였으며, 1.6GB/s의 대역폭 성능을 보여주고 있다. 이는 4K UHD(Ultra High Definition) 영상 한 채널을 담당할 수 있는 규모이다. 향후 본 연구를 계속 진행하여 3GB/s 이상 대역폭을 보이는 연구결과를 보일 예정이다.

• 지식경영연구
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.87-100
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• 2013

As the external knowledge networks of firms have become more and more important to their product and service innovations, many global leading companies such as P & G, IBM, and Samsung Electronics have formulated and implemented their open innovation strategy. This study attempts to empirically analyze the effects of CEOs' supports for external knowledge networks, external knowledge network-oriented cultures and inter-organizational knowledge management systems as the major antecedents to external knowledge networks by using the data based on organizational members' perceptions about them. Based on 847 samples collected from employees in three companies in the medical, the construction and the IT service industries, this study performed a structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis about the effects of the antecedents to the external knowledge networks on product and service innovations through Partial Least Squares (PLS). The empirical findings of this study show that CEOs' supports for external knowledge network positively influence product and service innovations, partially mediated by external knowledge network-oriented cultures and inter-organizational knowledge management systems. And they also show that external knowledge network-oriented cultures and inter-organizational knowledge management systems have a positive effect on product and service innovations, respectively, partially mediated by external knowledge networks. With these new findings, academic and practical implications are discussed.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.115-124
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• 2018

Background: Substantial empirical research has shown conflicting results regarding the influence of organizational external factors on construction risk management, suggesting the necessity to introduce a moderator into the study. The present research confirmed whether rules and regulations matter on the relationships between organizational external factors and construction risk management. Methods: Based on discouragement and organizational control theory, this research examined the effects of organizational external factors and rules and regulations on construction risk management among 238 employees operating in construction companies in Abuja and Lagos, Nigeria. A personally administered questionnaire was used to acquire the data. The data were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling. Results: A significant positive relationship between organizational external factors and construction risk management was asserted. This study also found a significant positive relationship between rules and regulations and construction risk management. As anticipated, rules and regulations were found to moderate the relationship between organizational external factors and construction risk management, with a significant positive result. Similarly, a significant interaction effect was also found between rules and regulations and organizational external factors. Implications of the research from a Nigerian point of view have also been discussed. Conclusion: Political, economy, and technology factors helped the construction companies to reduce the chance of risk occurrence during the construction activities. Rules and regulations also helped to lessen the rate of accidents involving construction workers as well as the duration of the projects. Similarly, the influence of the organizational external factors with rules and regulations on construction risk management has proven that most of the construction companies that implement the aforementioned factors have the chance to deliver their projects within the stipulated time, cost, and qualities, which can be used as a yardstick to measure a good project.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.607-613
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• 2019

본 논문은 external knowledge를 사용한 lattice 없는 상호 정보 최대화(Lattice Free Maximum Mutual Information, LF-MMI) 기반 음향 모델링 방법을 제안한다. External knowledge란 음향 모델에서 사용하는 학습 데이터 이외의 문자열 데이터를 말한다. LF-MMI란 심층 신경망(Deep Neural Network, DNN) 학습의 최적화를 위한 목적 함수의 일종으로, 구별 학습에서 높은 성능을 보인다. LF-MMI에는 DNN의 사후 확률을 계산하기 위해 음소의 열을 사전 확률로 갖는다. 본 논문에서는 LF-MMI의 목적식의 사전 확률을 담당하는 음소 모델링에 external knowlege를 사용함으로써 과적합의 가능성을 낮추고, 음향 모델의 성능을 높이는 방법을 제안한다. External memory를 사용하여 사전 확률을 생성한 LF-MMI 모델을 사용했을 때 기존 LF-MMI와 비교하여 14 %의 상대적 성능 개선을 보였다.