• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.18-24
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• 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the activities of the abdominal muscles according to trunk stabilization exercises using Swiss ball in normal individuals. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Ten healthy university students participated in this study. The subjects were required to complete the following three exercise positions: Exercise position 1, sitting on a Swiss ball and lifting the legs; Exercise position 2, pushing to a plank position from an ending position; and Exercise position 3, push-up posture with the legs on a Swiss ball. Changes in the trunk muscle activities were estimated using Biometric electromyography (EMG). Activities of the dominant side internal oblique muscle (IOM) and external oblique muscle (EOM) were estimated in all participants. The maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC %) was measured to standardize the EMG signals for the IOM and EOM during maximum resistance when sitting up with each shoulder pointing towards the contralateral pelvis with knees bent and both arms crossed on the chest for 5 seconds. Results: There was a significant difference in the activity of the internal and external oblique muscles between Exercises 1 and 2 and Exercises 1 and 3 (p<0.05). Furthermore, the IOM/EOM activity ratio was the greatest during Exercise 3 and the smallest during Exercise 1. IOM and EOM activities were the greatest during Exercise 2 with greater EOM activity. Conclusions: In future studies, it will be necessary to investigate muscle activities by supplementing the above-mentioned limitations during the stabilization exercise. The results of this study may be used as a basis for controlling the intensity and frequency of exercise while prescribing trunk stabilization exercises.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.139-154
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• 2021

As environmental impacts on business management rapidly rise, the importance of resilience has been emphasized ever. Resilience can be defined as the capability to quickly return to daily operational levels after external shocks. Thus, we suggest and empirically verify a conceptual model using enterprise-level resilience in knowledge management. Based on previous studies, sub-components of resilience have been distinguished into R4(i.e., Robustness, Redundancy, Resourcefulness, and Rapidity) and the internal and external knowledge management activities of companies have been identified as prior factors. Considering resilience as mediating variables, firms' knowledge management activities are assumed to affect a firms' performance. We collected data with the structured survey which had been developed from the stepwise approach to verify the structural model that leads to knowledge management activities, resilience, and performance. In further research, we request exploratory research on independent variables that can increase the firms' resilience and on dependent variables that would be influenced by the enterprise-level resilience.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2023

This study is a leading case of empirical analysis of whether, when corporate stakeholders (government, investors, customers, managers, employees) put pressure on companies for ESG management, it affects the introduction and implementation of ESG activities (environmental, social, governance) and affects business performance. As for the research method, a sustainability report was published, and a web survey of Korea Research Inc. was conducted from May 10 to May 20, 2022 targeting ESG management managers of 192 companies, and analyzed through the PLS structural equation model. As a result of the study, it was found that the introduction and execution of ESG is closely influenced by the pressure from the government, investors, managers, and employees, and in particular, the internal pressure of current managers and executives and employees has a great impact on the introduction and implementation of environmental, social, and governance activities. In particular, although external pressure also has some influence, it is practical to suggest that strong internal pressure is necessary for continuous activities and performance. And, methodologically, the main activity indicators of the GRI Reporting Guidelines, which are the most representative ESG management indicators, were developed as a questionnaire, and reliability, validity, and model fit were secured through comparison with indicators of multiple systems and expert reviews. The limitations of this study are that more in-depth analysis by industry or size is possible when ESG management is mature and sufficient samples are secured, and complex ESG pressure factor modeling is possible when more diverse stakeholders are added.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.115-124
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• 2018

Background: Substantial empirical research has shown conflicting results regarding the influence of organizational external factors on construction risk management, suggesting the necessity to introduce a moderator into the study. The present research confirmed whether rules and regulations matter on the relationships between organizational external factors and construction risk management. Methods: Based on discouragement and organizational control theory, this research examined the effects of organizational external factors and rules and regulations on construction risk management among 238 employees operating in construction companies in Abuja and Lagos, Nigeria. A personally administered questionnaire was used to acquire the data. The data were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling. Results: A significant positive relationship between organizational external factors and construction risk management was asserted. This study also found a significant positive relationship between rules and regulations and construction risk management. As anticipated, rules and regulations were found to moderate the relationship between organizational external factors and construction risk management, with a significant positive result. Similarly, a significant interaction effect was also found between rules and regulations and organizational external factors. Implications of the research from a Nigerian point of view have also been discussed. Conclusion: Political, economy, and technology factors helped the construction companies to reduce the chance of risk occurrence during the construction activities. Rules and regulations also helped to lessen the rate of accidents involving construction workers as well as the duration of the projects. Similarly, the influence of the organizational external factors with rules and regulations on construction risk management has proven that most of the construction companies that implement the aforementioned factors have the chance to deliver their projects within the stipulated time, cost, and qualities, which can be used as a yardstick to measure a good project.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.23-29
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• 2023

Background: There is still controversy as to whether hip external rotation and dorsiflexion selectively activate the vastus medialis obliquus (VMO) during straight leg raise exercise. Due to the anatomical characteristics, hip adduction must be preceded to activate the VMO. In this study, the activities of the rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis (VL), VMO were measured by adding the hip adduction movement to the straight leg raise exercise with hip 45° external rotation and straight leg raise exercise with hip 45° external rotation and dorsiflexion. Through this, we want to find out whether the VMO is selectively activated. Methods: Thirteen healthy participants performed straight leg raise exercise with hip 45° external rotation, straight leg raise exercise with hip 45° external rotation and dorsiflexion, straight leg raise exercise with hip 45° external rotation and adduction, straight leg raise exercise with hip 45° external rotation and adduction and dorsiflexion was randomly performed. Through this, EMG data of the RF, VL, VMO were collected. Results: During the straight leg raise exercise, hip adduction increased the activity of the VMO and VL, no significant difference was found(p>.05). However, in the VMO/VL ratio, straight leg raise exercise with hip 45° external rotation and adduction and dorsiflexion activated the VMO and the VL at a ratio of about 1:1, It showed a significantly higher rate than straight leg raise exercise with hip 45° external rotation(p<.05). Conclusion: During the straight leg raise exercise, hip adduction is considered to be an important movement that can selectively induce the activity of the VMO. Therefore, follow-up studies on this should be conducted.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.25-31
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• 2016

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the trunk muscle activity according to the direction of upper extremity lifting using elastic band. METHODS: Thirty three healthy individuals participated in this study. Each subject performed upper extremity lifting using elastic band on two different directions (straight and diagonal). And then we compared the muscle activity of respective trunk muscles of both directions. In order to examine the muscle activity of trunk muscle, we used the electromyogram to measure peak and mean torque in shoulder 90 degree flexion with sitting position. Electromyographic activities were recorded from the external oblique, internal oblique, rectus abdominis, and erector spine muscles during upper extremity lifting. RESULTS: As a result, first, there was significant difference between two directions. The muscle activity of ipsilateral external oblique and contralateral internal oblique is significantly increased in both straight and diagonal directions (p<0.05). Second, the muscle activities of external oblique and internal oblique of both side showed significant difference in diagonal direction (p<0.05). Third, the muscle activity of erector spine of both side showed significant difference in straight direction (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Through this study, it is important that implement diagonal direction exercise at sitting positions to help increasing muscle activity of ipsilateral external oblique and contralateral internal oblique on patients when activating the trunk muscle or stabilizing the trunk.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.85-96
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to evaluated noise environment of the low-rise multi-family house in Athens, Georgia. The results of this study can be applied to the prevention of noise when planning multi-family houses, roads and cities in Korea. The subjects of this study were the place of 1m, 10m, 50m, 100m from 4-lane road ofT apartment and 233 residents lived in the low-rise multi-family houses in Athens. The results of this study were as follows. 1. The average noise level at 1m, 10m, 50m and 100m was 55.5dB, 46.7dB, 43.0dB, 43.0dB and 41.2dB respectively from 4-lane road of T apartment. From the view of the standard in this study, the physical noise was good. 2. The results of the residents subjective response on the noise were as follows. The external noise residents felt - that was a noise by operating machines, and traffic noise - ware as 2.57 on average. The noise by the daily activities, the noise of nature are a little as 2.38 on average. They were disturbed a little by the external noise. They felt the solid born sounds(average 2.49) more than airbone sound(average 2.23) by the internal noise. They are suffered worse from noise in summer and they worse from 8-12 oclock due to external noise and 16-20 oclock due to internal noise. Comparing the noise environment of Korean with that of American, I found a meaningful difference of nature and the noise of daily activities of external noise and all internal noise.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.49-72
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• 2016

Extant research on firm innovation productivity is limited in measuring the innovation productivity, in which they measured firm innovation productivity by using either inputs or outputs of innovation. The present study complemented the extant research by employing Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach to measure firm innovation productivity. Furthermore, this paper examined the effects of firms' external knowledge search, as one of open innovation practices, on firm innovation productivity, for open innovation activities are regarded as an influencing factor on firm innovation productivity in the previous literatures. Using the data of the Korean Innovation Survey (KIS) of manufacturing industries conducted in 2008, this study developed hypotheses in which we considered not only two dimensions of external knowledge search (breadth and depth) but also two subtypes of external knowledge search (market-driven and science-driven). The results found that searching deeply and market-driven search are positively related to firm innovation productivity, but science-driven search is somewhat negatively related to firm innovation productivity. Furthermore, market-driven search can mitigate the negative effect of science-driven search on innovation productivity.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.459-470
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• 2012

From the PSA point of view, the Fukushima accident of Japan in 2011 reveals some issues to be re-considered and/or improved in the PSA such as the limited scope of the PSA, site risk, etc. KAERI (Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute) has performed researches on the development of an integrated risk assessment framework related to some issues arisen after the Fukushima accident. This framework can cover the internal PSA model and external PSA models (fire, flooding, and seismic PSA models) in the full power and the low power-shutdown modes. This framework also integrates level 1, 2 and 3 PSA to quantify the risk of nuclear facilities more efficiently and consistently. We expect that this framework will be helpful to resolve the issue regarding the limited scope of PSA and to reduce some inconsistencies that might exist between (1) the internal and external PSA, and (2) full power mode PSA and low power-shutdown PSA models. In addition, KAERI is starting researches related to the extreme external events, the risk assessment of spent fuel pool, and the site risk. These emerging issues will be incorporated into the integrated risk assessment framework. In this paper the integrated risk assessment framework and the research activities on the emerging issues are outlined.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.41 no.8
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• pp.213-227
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to explore a weekly life of Korean high school students, especially focused on their activities, locations, and flow. The data were collected from 116 high school students by the Experiential Sampling Method, employing a cellular-phone as a signaling device. Students reported, in response to the 6964 random signals, that 43.4% of their time was spent for social/leisure activities. An additional 31% percent of time was used for productive activities and the rest of times belonged to maintenance activities. When engaged in productive activities, they usually reported anxiety, while they felt bored for social/leisure activities and flow for maintenance activities. The most pervasive context of their lives was school (42.8％), followed by home (33.3%), public space (24.6%), and educational institutes (9.2%). In general, they experienced flow for the most of the locations, except educational settings in which they felt anxiety. The flow for productive activities varied by gender, pending on where they had productive activities, while others did not show any significant differences in the activity flow by locations.