• 대한건축학회논문집:구조계
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• 제33권12호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2017

A recent global trend in the increase of earthquake-related disasters has become so frequent as to cause various damages to a wide range of mid- to high-rise buildings. Particularly, more attention is being paid to the effect of horizontal load in high-rise buildings not only on the key structural elements of the structures, but also on the possibility of the secondary damages to them due to the failure of exterior panels, which are non-structural elements, but such damages are difficult to cope with as they may be caused by unexpected changes. The present study examined exterior panels using moving clips to prevent such secondary damages on the non-structural elements and analyzed the structural performance of these exterior panels through the finite element analysis and the shaking table test. The analysis results showed that the exterior panels using moving clips satisfied the structural performance against the allowable story drift of KBC2009 and the safety of the exterior panels was verified by the shake table test.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.71-79
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• 2007

본 연구는 길이가 23m를 넘는 수퍼요트를 대상으로 외관 디자인 요소와 그 특징을 조사하였다. 본 연구에서는 선박의 상부가 돛이 아닌 건축적 요소인 캐빈(cabin)으로 구성되고 장기간 원거리 항해를 위해 실내거주공간을 뚜렷하게 갖춘 모터요트를 중심으로 조사 분석하였다. 수퍼요트를 대상으로 선박 외관에 영향을 주는 선과 이에 관련된 디자인 요소를 분석하여 유형별로 특징을 도출하고 이와 관련된 외관 디자인 스타일을 연구함으로서 수퍼요트 외관 디자인을 위한 기초 자료를 제시하였다.

• 한국디지털건축인테리어학회논문집
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.23-28
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• 2003

In spite of The exterior design of buildings has a remarkably significant value in terms of public aspect some exposed architectural equipments spoil the appearance of building. The design elements of exposed architectural equipments were partially changed and assessed in the semantic differential method. Thus the aesthetically favorable impression and values of public interest were able to be increased. The reasons why those hideous exposed architectural equipments were constructed, seemed to be as follows; the builders' selfishness, the citizens' ignorance and the immature social institutions that cannot restrict undesirable design efforts. Building equipments located outside are not classified as major elements in building regulations and thus can be installed and altered without any limitations even though they have great effects on the shape and colors of a building. So we have more interest in exposed architectural equipments and more deliberation of exterior design of a building.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.117-135
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• 2005

This paper is a study of the possibility of experience and expression in the architecture of Louis I. Kahn by focusing on the characters of entrance, court and window/wall of his public buildings. In the course of composition, Kahn defined the entrance, court and window/wall as an connecting elements and elements of boundary. The characters revealed by these elements or rooms give the clue to insight Kahn's thought of relation of interior and exterior space or inner and outer space. Following are the characters of these elements. First, a entrance reveals the fact that inner space separates from outer space by connecting these two space and giving the value to inner space as the entity and totality like outer space. The entrance gives its ontological being to human subjects not by vision but experience and expression which is the essence of commonness, that is, Silence. Kahn made the possibility of activity amplify in this common and silent space. Second, this entrance is connected with wide and huge central space not individual spaces of interior space. This extreme procedure of entering makes human subject feel sublime of intoner space. And the central spaces becomes another exterior or another world in the inner world of architecture by the lights from above and by having the boundary wall which shows same pattern of exterior wall. Third, Kahn regarded a window as the giver of lights not as the medium of vision connecting inner space with outer. He tried to connect interior with exterior through the being and character of the light expressed in the interior. And in his buildings, interior space is connected with exterior by expressing the purpose of building, composition of inner space, structural truth and construction facts through the Form, a pattern of wall, details and ornamental joints. By practicing this thoughts in the real buildings, Kahn tried to gave aura to both the interior space and entity of architecture which is regarded as micro universe like flowers, rocks and human beings.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.107-116
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relation between the exterior environmental factors and sensibility responses in apartment housing estates. The finding of the study may be summerized as follow: 1) The method of analysis was that the adequacy of 214 sensibility vocabularies primarily drawn were analyzed by the evaluation group through questionnaire. As a result of factor analysis on them, 36 sensibility vocabularies were finally drawn and used as a tool for evaluation. 2) 22 elements were drawn as physical elements that shows sensibility responses according to residential complexes and classified roughly into five factors; the architectural factor, the rest space, the horizontal system, the design factor, and the annexed facilities. 3) The average score for sensibility items by complexes suggested that the sensibility contents would vary depending on the physical conditions of facilities by complexes. 4) It was shown that the percentages of sensibility responses by physical structural elements were 50.7% for the rest space, 24.1% for the design factor, 13.7% for the architectural factor, 8.1% for the annexed facilities, and 3.2% for the horizontal system. 5) The analysis of relation between the physical elements and the sensibility contents showed that the sensibility contents such as 'emotions', 'comfortable', 'luxury', 'symbolic', and 'intimate', had a positive relation with the physical elements such as the entrance of a complex, design element, artistic structures, and kindergarten facilities but a negative relation with the physical elements such as the shape of buildings, walkways, and separate garbage collection yards.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2005

In modern days when architectural materials have grave impacts on overall design expression, materials for architecture, modern architecture into the service facility for business, education, religion, cultural assembly and residence, and evaluates each finishing material mainly used in exterior, lobbies and entrances of the building since the 1970's. When being applied social images into firstly selected materials, the scopes for material selection will be more narrowed down in more practical way. High tensity materials are suitable for public and active space and low tensity are for private and static area. This principle enables us to use architectural materials as one of the important elements which express the whole characteristics of the area.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.57-73
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• 2006

To begin with the purpose of protecting human life from the exterior in the prehistoric age, architecture was nothing but a shelter without any relation between the exterior and the intoner. But, today, with the community developed, architecture can not be resisted with her own function and have to change of the reciprocal one. Different with the oriental architecture, we can see, western architecture has developed in the stream of the form. The main idea of the space in terms of the relation, above all, is mostly concerned with relation between the exterior and the interior like between the architecture and the city. So the role of the facade in depth is the intermediation which consist to the relation in the exterior and interior of architecture. Considering a relation between two elements; the exterior and the interior, we can be inspired in the case of paintings, especially in the works of the Paul $C\acute{e}zanne$. $C\acute{e}zanne$ originally show the depth of space by different disposition of three parts : the background, the objects and intermediate space between the former. For instance, different with the other painters who put the background rear in the canvas and objects in the front of the background, $C\acute{e}zanne$ took the background and objects a same value and assure a depth in space by virtue of the intermediate space. Finally, by putting the background in forward of layer in the canvas and objects situated behind the background, the depth of the space can be occurred. Same as the idea of $C\acute{e}zanne$, Giuseppe Terragni and jean Nouvelle in architecture also intensify their effects through the activation of intermediate space between the interior facade and exterior frame. Not limited in the relation with the architecture and the city, space in relation gives us a higher quality of architectural promenade in depth.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 9th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.1249-1249
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• 2022

The facade, an exterior material of a building, is one of the crucial factors that determine its morphological identity and its functional levels, such as energy performance, earthquake and fire resistance. However, regardless of the type of exterior materials, huge property and human casualties are continuing due to frequent exterior materials dropout accidents. The quality of the building envelope depends on the detailed design and is closely related to the back frames that support the exterior material. Detailed design means the creation of a shop drawing, which is the stage of developing the basic design to a level where construction is possible by specifying the exact necessary details. However, due to chronic problems in the construction industry, such as reducing working hours and the lack of design personnel, detailed design is not being appropriately implemented. Considering these characteristics, it is necessary to develop the detailed design process of exterior materials and works based on the domain-expert knowledge of the construction industry using artificial intelligence (AI). Therefore, this study aims to establish a detailed design automation algorithm for AI-based condition-responsive exterior wall panels and their back frames. The scope of the study is limited to "detailed design" performed based on the working drawings during the exterior work process and "stone panels" among exterior materials. First, working-level data on stone works is collected to analyze the existing detailed design process. After that, design parameters are derived by analyzing factors that affect the design of the building's exterior wall and back frames, such as structure, floor height, wind load, lift limit, and transportation elements. The relational expression between the derived parameters is derived, and it is algorithmized to implement a rule-based AI design. These algorithms can be applied to detailed designs based on 3D BIM to automatically calculate quantity and unit price. The next goal is to derive the iterative elements that occur in the process and implement a robotic process automation (RPA)-based system to link the entire "Detailed design-Quality calculation-Order process." This study is significant because it expands the design automation research, which has been rather limited to basic and implemented design, to the detailed design area at the beginning of the construction execution and increases the productivity by using AI. In addition, it can help fundamentally improve the working environment of the construction industry through the development of direct and applicable technologies to practice.

• Architectural research
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.113-122
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• 2020

Hospital architecture must be planned as a therapeutic space. Numerous studies have proven that exposure to nature has a healing effect. However, research on the architecture itself about this issue is still insufficient. This study analyzed Le Corbusier's Venice hospital project and its architectural configurations with nature. Le Corbusier had been interested in blurring the interior/exterior line to draw nature inside. In his projects, nature was conceived in an abstract sense as "something green." However, in the hospital project, natural elements including vegetation, the lagoon, and light, and the landscape scenery they created, were considered in the harmony of the architectural space. The architectural spaces with courtyards, pilotis, and roof gardens provided views and direct access to nature, and in the interior spaces, the connections to these external spaces and the permeation of views of nature and sunlight were incorporated. Many spaces provided the possibility to actually encounter nature, with a variety of indoor/outdoor space configurations rather than a merely passive placing of some natural elements. This project is considered to be an important reference for contemporary hospital architecture, since the architectural space and nature connected through various spatial configurations also in healthcare programs. As Le Corbusier emphasized, sunlight, vegetation, and also architectural space should be an essential factor in therapeutic hospital architecture planning.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.321-331
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• 2018

본 연구는 거주자의 생활안전도를 연구하기 위한 기초 단계로서, 대학교 인근 원룸촌을 대상으로 거주자 의식조사 및 현장조사 등을 통해 대학가 원룸촌의 생활안전요소를 도출하고, 문제점 및 해결방향을 건축계획적 차원에서 다음과 같이 제시하였다. 첫째, 선행연구 결과 거주공간의 진입로 등 넓은 범위의 외부공간에 대한 생활안전 관련 연구나 실제 제도는 상대적으로 미흡하였다. 의식조사 결과, 거주공간의 생활안전 환경에 가장 심리적 영향을 미치는 요소는 보행로와 같은 외부공간의 환경이 거주지의 생활안전성에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 거주지 외부공간의 생활안전 기능요소는 건축 계획적 차원에서 크게 거주자 감시, 동선유도와 영역 구분, 외부의 공적 공간 활용, 쾌적한 환경 유지 등의 4개 유형으로 분류할 수 있으며, 이러한 요소는 건물 진입 공간뿐만 아니라 보행로나 기타 오픈스페이스 등 보다 넓은 범위의 공간에도 적용될 수 있다. 셋째, 대학가 원룸촌의 외부공간을 조사 분석한 결과, 보행로 같은 외부공간의 생활안전 환경이 거주인구와 원룸 건축물이 가장 많은 구역에서 매우 열악한 것으로 나타났다.