• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.387-394
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• 2013

The developmental times of mealworm beetle larvae, Tenebrio molitor were studied at six temperatures ranging from 15 to $30^{\circ}C$ with 60~70% RH, and a photoperiod of 14L:10D. Mortality of larval period was very low at 17 and $20^{\circ}C$ but did not die over $22^{\circ}C$. Developmental time of larva was decreased with increasing temperature. The total developmental time of T. molitor larvae was longest at $17^{\circ}C$ (244.3 days) and shortest at $30^{\circ}C$ (110.8 days). Egg and larvae were not developed at $15^{\circ}C$. The lower developmental threshold and effective accumulative temperatures for the total larval stages were $6.0^{\circ}C$ and 2564.1 degree-days, respectively. The relationship between developmental rate and temperature was fitted by a linear model and nonlinear model of Logan-6($r^2$=0.95). The distribution of completion of each development stage was well described by the 2-parameter Weibull function ($r^2$=0.8502~0.9390).

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.211-220
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• 2017

We conducted this study to determine the recommended application rate of fertilizer for Houttuynia cordata Thunb cultivation. The effects of various application levels of N, $P_2O_5$, and $K_2O$ fertilizers on the growth of this plant were investigated and the associated changes in soil properties were evaluated in the field. Soil pH at harvest time of Houttuynia cordata Thunb did not differ from that before fertilization, whereas EC tended to decrease during cultivation. The soil organic matter (SOM) and available phosphorus increased after treatment, and the amount of applied fertilizer ($P_2O_5$) and available phosphorus were proportional. The nitrogen absorption amount increased in N 100% treatment, but decreased in N 150% treatment. The phosphorus absorption amount rose with the fertilizer treatment concentration until $P_2O_5$ 150% treatment. The amount of absorbed potassium decreased in treatments with $K_2O$ 150% and $K_2O$ 200%. The plant length was the longest in N 100%, $P_2O_5$ 150%, and $K_2O$ 200%. The stem diameter was estimated to be 3.46 - 3.67 mm in N 100 - 200% treatment, 3.55 - 3.67 mm in $P_2O_5$ 100 - 150%, and 3.79 mm in $K_2O$ 200%. The number of tillers did not differ amongst fertilization treatments. The fresh weight was summed to be 3.67 ton/10 a in N 100% treatment, 3.79 Mg/10 a in $P_2O_5$ 150%, and 3.83 Mg/10 a in $K_2O$ 150%. Thus, the relationship between the fertilizer amount and yields of the plant showed that the most economical quantity of fertilizers should be 10.2 N kg/10 a, 5.5 $P_2O_5$ kg/10 a, and 8.2 $K_2O$ kg/10 a for Houttuynia Cordata Thunb.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.175-179
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• 2018

The button mushroom 'A. bisporus' is the most commonly grown mushroom worldwide. The color of 'Agaricus bisporus' is white and brown. Recently, the consumption of brown button mushrooms has been increasing steadily. 'Danseok-1ho' was bred using the multi-spore random mating method and named after Danseok Mountain in Gyeongju, the region where 'A. bisporus' was first grown in Korea. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth was between $20^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$, and the mushroom production temperature was between $15^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$. The color and shape of 'Danseok-1ho' are medium brown and spherical, respectively. The width and thickness of the pileus are 45.1 mm and 23.5 mm, respectively. The hardness and L of chromaticity of 'Danseok-1ho' are $8,937g/{\Phi}5mm$ and 50.4, respectively. The incubation period is around 20 days and mushroom production takes about 18 days after casing. A typical characteristic of 'Danseok-1ho' is that the individual occurrence rate is high, so mushroom losses are low during harvest.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.198-201
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• 2016

Recently, severe dieback of apple tree has occurred in the apple orchards of Chungbuk province. Dieback rate and its casual agents have been investigated on the Chungbuk province apple orchards in 2013-2015. Out of 29,265 apple trees in the 27 orchards throughout Chungbuk province, 4,000 apple trees (13.7%) showed dieback symptoms. The causes of dieback were Phytophthora rot (50.4%), violet root rot by Helicobasidium sp. (27.1%), rodents (10%), white root rot by Rosellinia sp. (6.3%), and freezing injury (6.3%). Compared to previous reports published in 1995 and 2006, Phytophthora rot was the most dominant disease, which is thought to be due to high temperature during growing season and the increase of lowland cultivation. Results of this study will be useful to establish of the management strategy of apple tree dieback that has been increased recently.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 2009

This study was carried out to evaluate ecological growth characteristics of forty castor bean collections for biodiesel utilization. The emergence date and it's rate of collections was 15-16 days and 82.5%, respectively. It took 63-68 days from emergence to flowering. Stem length was ranged from 173 to 251 cm with an average 211.8 cm. The average stem diameter was 24.2 cm, and showed the high occurrence as 52.5% at the 20.4-24.9 cm. The node number was widely distributed as 13-22 and the average node number was 18.9. The seed numbers were widely distributed as 7-33ea, and the average liter weight of seed was 502.9 g of which minimum weight was 432.3 g and maximum weight was 572.5 g, and the gap between maximum and minimum was 140.2 g. It showed high difference. The 100 grain weight was distributed as 20.3 g-38.3 g which showed high differences between small grain and large grain collections. The seed numbers per plant were varied as 72 at the minimum and 1,011 at the maximum number, and average seed number was 465.2. The total yields of seed per plant were varied as 20 g-266.2 g, and the average yields were 128.1 g.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.04a
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• pp.54-54
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• 2019

Apple (Malus domestica) is one of the most economically important fruits in Korea. But virus infection has decreased sustainable production of apple and caused the serious problems such as yield loss and poor fruit quality. Virus or viroid infection including Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV), Apple stem pitting virus (ASPV), Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV), Apple mosaic virus (ApMV) and Apple scar skin viroid (ASSVd) has been also reported in Korea. In many cases, apple is infected with virus and viroid with no specific symptoms, the damage caused by the virus are unaware significantly. In our research, we tried to eliminate viruses in the rootstock for the disease-free seedlings of the apple dwarfing rootstock M.9 and M.26. The method of virus elimination was meristem culture, heat($37^{\circ}C$, 6weeks) treatment and chemistry($Ribavirin^{(R)}$) treatment. The analytical methods commonly used for the detection of virus is Enzyme-linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay(ELlSA) and Reverse Transcription-polymerase Chain Reaction(RT-PCR). RT-PCR method was more 30% sensitive than ELISA method. Efficiency of method eliminate virus appeared meristem method > heat treatment > chemistry treatment. The higher acquisition rate of disease-free seedlings is 30~40% on meristem treatment. In meristem treatment, the apple dwarfing rootstock M.9 gained infection ratio of ACLSV, ASPV and ASGV were 45%, 60% and 50% respectively. In the apple dwarfing rootstock M.26, infection ratio of ACLSV, ASPV and ASGV were 40%, 55%, 55%, respectively. Based on our results, it was found that most effective method of disease-free seedlings apple dwarfing rootstocks was by meristem treatment than heat method and chemistry treatment.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.295-302
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• 2021

The effect of punching treatment on bags containing sawdust medium for the stable production of fruiting bodies of Lentinula edodes 'Hwadam' was investigated. After spawn inoculation, the sawdust medium temperature and CO₂ concentration reached 27.0-28.8℃ on the 23^rd day of incubation, and 14.0-15.6% on the 16^th day of incubation, respectively, decreasing thereafter. The O₂ concentration showed an opposite pattern to the CO₂ concentration. As the number of punching treatments on the medium increased during the incubation period, the lightness value decreased, and conversely, the color difference and weight loss rate increased. There was no difference in the cultivation period according to the punching treatment. As the punching treatment increased on the sawdust medium, the fruiting body yield increased; a three-time punching treatment produced the best yield with 605.7 g. Thus, proper punching treatment on a sawdust medium during the incubation period can increase the number of fruiting bodies and yield.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.160-166
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• 2023

The effects of punching treatment on mycelial culture and fruiting body productivity were investigated in a new Lentinula edodes cultivar, "Jadam", in sawdust medium for the stable production of oak mushroom. As the punching volume and number increased, the weight loss rate and color difference increased and the L value decreased. After spawn inoculation, the sawdust medium temperature and CO₂ concentration reached their highest values at 33 and 19 days of incubation, respectively. The O₂ concentration showed the lowest value on the 14^th day of incubation, which was the opposite pattern to the CO₂ concentration. As the punching volume and the number increased, the medium temperature and O₂ concentration increased, and the CO₂ concentration decreased. Higher punching volumes and numbers resulted in higher temperatures and lower CO₂ concentrations. The best fruiting body yield was 5 × 70 mm - 30 (punching diameter × depth - number), and the total yield after three cycles was 644.7 g.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.306-310
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• 2004

In this paper, we proposed a capacity enhancement method using TCM-128QAM modulation and bandwidth extension of 25MHz in HDR-WPAN (high data rate wireless personal area network) system. In case using TCM-128 QAM modulation scheme, we can obtain maximum 66Mbps transmission rate in bandwidth of 15MHz. If extend bandwidth by 25MHz and roll-off coefficient ${\alpha}=0.35$, we can obtain maximum 110Mbps transmission rate. These results are confirmed through PSD(power spectrum density) analysis and BER (bit error rate) performance.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.59 no.11
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• pp.1964-1970
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• 2010

A new intelligent power network (Smart Grid) that grafts some new technologies, such as the extension of the new and reproducible energy, electric motors, and electric storages, onto the regulation of green house gases according to the recent convention on climate changes has been actively promoted. As establishing such an intelligent power network, it is possible to implement a real-time rate system according to the change from the conventional single directional information transmission to the bidirectional information transmission. Such a real-time rate system can provide power during the chip rate hour by avoiding the high rate hour although customers use the same level of power through providing such real-time rate information including power generation costs. In this study, the establishment of an operating system that makes an effective use of the real-time rate system and its operation method are to be proposed.