• 현장농수산연구지
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.37-50
• /
• 2020

The purpose of this study is to identify professional development needs of Extension professionals and to evaluate competencies essential to be a successful Extension professional. For the purpose of this study, quantitative capacity data of extension professionals were collected from the survey instrument based on Extension Professional Evaluation Scale in Utah state university. Descriptive statistics, mean difference analysis, IPA(importance-performance analysis) analysis were used to analyze the data. The main results of the study are as follows. First, it is necessary to first reinforce education on specialized technical capacity among the three extension capacity areas. The current status of the professional capacity of extension professionals in the three areas was found to be at the average level, and the level of professional technical capacity was relatively low. In addition, the importance was evaluated that professional technology capacity is more important than the project development/evaluation capacity and communication capacity. Second, Second, in order to reinforce communication capacity, it is necessary to strengthen education on 'development of joint educational materials with colleagues'. Third, in order to reinforce project development/evaluation capacity, it is necessary to strengthen education on 'project planning'. In the IPA analysis results, the importance was high, but the capacity with relatively low performance were analyzed as 'project planning'. Fourth, in order to reinforce professional technical capacity, it is necessary to develop an education program for 'crop expertise' first. In the IPA analysis results, the importance was high, but the competencies with relatively low performance were analyzed as 'crop technology expertise'.

• 농촌지도와개발
• /
• 제1권2호
• /
• pp.147-163
• /
• 1994

Agricultural extension programs in Korea had focused mainly on increased production, and the biggest pride of extension was the achievement of rice self-sufficency in 1970s and abundant vegetable and animal production in 1980s. Farming in Korea has changed rapidly in recent years and extension system on commercialized crops have not been satisfactorily developed to mete farmers` demands. Facing the emerging challenges of international competition and trade liberalization for agricultural commodities, the goals of extension should be focused on increased income and the welfare of coral communities. The transfering of agricultural extension educator from central government jobs to local ones has emerged recently under the trends of localization which resulted unstable job environment of extension educator. Intensive pre-service and in-service training of extension workers on current and advanced techologies are essential to upgrade the quality of extension services, and the future directions for professional development of agricultural extension educators in Korea were suggested as follows: 1. Establishing a national network on agricultural extension system to promote exchanges of information among counties and provinces, to conduct meetings and to publish information on agricultural extension. 2. Determining the implications of recent national and global trends on agricultural extension, and strenthening communication at local, national and international levels for an effective extension system in the era of localization, internationalization and globalization; 3. Recognizing the effect of number and quality of extension staff on the impact of extension and providing opportunities development and advancement of extension personnel through education, training, incentives and rewards; 4. Giving a higher priority to agricultural extension in national policies in order to ensure the adequacy of budgetary support and recognition of importance of extension by the ministries concerned and mass communications.

• 수산해양교육연구
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.79-90
• /
• 2010

This study referred to relevant literatures, collected professional advice, created the sphere of duty with considering the characteristics of marine products-marine transportation education and teachers' specialty, and researched the feasibility of duty sphere classified from 2nd of September in 2008 to 20th of October in 2008 by selecting 80 professional teachers at random teachers who were working in 4 schools that had local 1. As the result of this study, it is proper to classify the sphere of marine products-marine transportation professional teachers into teaching-learning sphere, actual training guidance sphere, life guidance sphere, class management sphere, administrative performance sphere, specialty extension sphere, academic-industrial cooperation and community connection sphere. 2. For the contents of each sphere of marine products-marine transportation teachers' duty, it is proper to systematize teaching-learning field with 32 contents of duty, actual training guidance field with 21 contents of duty, life guidance sphere with 18 contents of duty, class management sphere with 12 contents of duty, administrative performance sphere with 18 contents of duty, specialty extension sphere with 15 contents of duty, academic-industrial cooperation and community connection sphere with 9 contents of duty respectively.

• 농촌지도와개발
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.1-13
• /
• 1999

The objectives of this study were 1) to review legal status of local agricultural extension services during the last fifty years, 2) to propose enacting the new law for local agricultural extension services in Korea. Since Rural Development Act was established, the legal status of extension services was weakened in spite of the most important factor affecting agricultural extension services. It would be necessary to enact the new law prescribed organizational structures and objectives and missions, financial supporting, professional pesonnel management, etc., for development of local extension services after localization.

• 한국비블리아학회지
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.133-156
• /
• 2002

본 연구에서는 21세기 Information Professional(정보전문직)의 변화된 역할과 관련하여 경쟁정보 교육의 필요성과 문헌정보학과 커리큘럼의 확장으로서의 경쟁정보 교육모듈이 제안된다. 이를 위해서 국내의 Information Professional을 대상으로 설문조사가 실시되었으며, 설문 분석 결과를 토대로 2개의 핵심모듈로 구성된 경쟁정보 커리큘럼 모듈이 개발되었다. 모듈 1은 Information Professional을 위한 기본적인 툴킷, 모듈 2는 경쟁정보의 전반적인 프로세스와 매니지먼트를 다룬다. 이 커리큘럼은 Information Professional의 개인적/직업적 능력 개발에 기여할 것이다.

• 농촌지도와개발
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.267-283
• /
• 2003

The purposes of the study were to; 1) examine the diffusion and adoption of new agricultural technology in rice farming, 2) survey the status of agricultural education institutions on technology transfer, and 3) explore the linkages between agricultural education and extension for more effective reinforcement strategies to further the diffusion and adoption of new agricultural technology in Korea. Literature review, field survey and panel discussions were employed to strengthen the linkages among agricultural education, research and extension in Korea. As the results of analysis of the diffusion and adoption of new agricultural technology in rice farming following recommendations were offered; 1. Extension services have helped Korean farmers in achieving self-sufficiency in rice and year-round supply of green vegetables as well as upbringing rural youth, however, government changed the status of extension educators from central government staff to county/city government staff since 1997. This brought about various problems such as: decreased morale and number of extension educators, thus weakening the extension education function, weakened linkages between national and local extension offices, less opportunity for in-service education of extension educators, and weakened linkages between agricultural research and extension, etc. 2. In order to insure that extension educators are high caliber professional individuals, it is crucial to establish a system that nationally recognizes these individuals as such, and that provides a professional development path. It is important to restore the morale of extension educators to continually achieve the national goals of food production, balanced national development and preservation of environment, at the same time to meet increasing needs of farmers. 3. Because of the critical importance of diffusing innovations to agricultural producers in order to ensure quality and steady food supply, it is crucial that these issues be addressed before the extension service further deteriorates. Further research activities on agricultural extension should be conducted for more effective agricultural extension system in Korea to achieve a greater rural, national and regional development. 4. Research and implementation activities should be emphasized and encouraged to improve the cooperation and collaboration among agricultural education research and extension to better serve farmers' educational and information needs. National level research activities should be encouraged to improve the effectiveness of agricultural technology transfer including internet education programs for farmers in Korea.

• 비교문화연구
• /
• 제31권
• /
• pp.287-308
• /
• 2013

Russian language tends to be quite open to borrowing. In Russian it has been for a long time the conventional way of expanding the lexicon, accepting many words from adjacent languages, including Church Slavic. In the contemporary Russian English has been the main source for loanwords. There are several linguistic factors for lexical borrowing: 1. the necessity of denominating new facts, phenomena or concepts, 2. the necessity of differentiating concepts, 3. the necessity of specializing new concepts, 4. the introduction of new international terms, 5. the increase of periphrastic expressions, 6. the needs for the more elegant and modern words. These factors have caused borrowing to enlarge the component of the lexicon and phrasal expressions, but excessive use of foreign words has brought about negative effects such as linguistic pollution. Some borrowed words are assimilated without serious conflicts, but other words undergo semantic changes in confrontation to existing words of similar meanings. These types of semantic changes comprise total change of meaning, reduction of semantic scale and extension of meaning. Semantic changes are caused by linguistic factors such as lexical conflict with existing words or by socio-culural factors such as misunderstanding of foreign words. And extension of meaning shows two types: qualitative extension and quantitative extension. The first means extending the semantic scope of a borrowed word and the latter - increasing the number of its sememe. In contemporary Russian language we can witness two productive phenomena: qualitative extension by socio-cultural factors, in which words with negative nuances are changed into those with positive ones and professional terms become common words, losing their professional meanings. On the other hand, by quantative extension some loanwords change their concrete meanings into abstract ones. In such cases loanwords acquire the additional meanings of abstractness, putting aside their original concrete meanings as the basic. On the contrary, the qualitative extension of adding the special meaning to general words or giving the concrete meaning to abstract words is not productive. And it is rarely witnessed that words of positive nuances are negatively used. It is considered that such cases are partly restricted in the spoken language or the jargon. Such phenomena may happen by the incomplete understanding of English words.

• 기술사
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.31-47
• /
• 1980

Since medium and small manufacturing enterprises have , played a very important role not only in national economy but also in political and social relationships all of the countries in the world have paid favorable policies and programmes for protecting and promoting this sector. In Korea main ingredients of promoting policy for this sector consist of (1) encouragement to modernize facilities and rationalize operation (2) special priority in bank loan (3) promotion of industrial cooperatives (4) prevention of infringement by large industries. However, substantial investigation for problems incurred in medium industries has revealed that unless medium industries improve and raise their technological and managerial skillfulness for themselves all other measures are useless to solve the problems. This realization has induced all of the countries to render extension services on both of technology and management to assist and support their own effort for rationalization. Also in Korea during past 20 years many technical and managerial research institutes have rendered free consultancy services to medium industries by the support of government subsidy. Among them the joint extension services project performed by the Medium Industry Bank and UNDP during 1967 and 1975 might he listed as model case because of its broad and integrated activities and participation of foreign experts. We think many precepts should be :learned from the study of this project. Korean economy is expected to develop rapidly throughout coming'80 in spite of many obstacles, tut there is an apprehension that gap in of every facet between medium and large enterprises might he deepened and enlarged. To prevent the actualization of so-called dual structure of national economy and to promote stabilized medium industries with high added value productivity which are shown in well developed countries, consultancy assistance ana extension services should be strengthened much more than ever. Fortunately in 1978 legislation of "Medium and small industry promotion act" has paved the way for the systematic achivement of consultancy and extension services which shall be integrated by the government overall program. Under new framework thoughtfull accomplishment should be undertaken considering precious precepts obtained from past experience and failure. Special attention should be given to the technical liaison officer scheme, exclusive participation of only professional institutes, strict qualification and training for consultants for the future succsseful implementation.

• 농촌지도와개발
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.1-27
• /
• 2007

Localization of extension services in 1997 has weakened the linkage and cooperation between the central and district extension agencies(Provincial Agricultural Research & Extension Services and City & County Technology Centers). Since agriculture needs a national or regional dimension approach in many senses, it is important for agricultural prosperity to maintain and even further strengthen the practice of cooperation between different levels of governments and extension agencies.The objective of this study was to suggest policy measures to strengthen the linkage and cooperation between agricultural extension agencies. Existing works were reviewed to see a general picture of problems associated with he localization of extension services. In order to gain insight into policy measures, questionnaire surveys to extension staffs in districts(8 of 9 Provincial Agricultural Research & Extension Services and 160 of City & County Technology Centers) were conducted. Survey respondents were mainly asked about policy measures which would contribute to strengthen the linkage and cooperation between extension service agencies.Three policy measures derived from the study are: to expand the professional and technological education at the central level; to establish the central－local partnership; and to strengthen the linkage and cooperation between city & county agricultural technology centers.

• 농촌지도와개발
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.21-36
• /
• 2004

The objectives of this study were to explore theoretically the factors that were associated with role conflict of rural extension educators, to investigate the consequences of this conflict, and to suggest possible solutions to the role conflict. This study was carried out through literature review. The findings from this study were as follows : 1) The causes of role conflict were divided into individual characteristics and social or organizational characteristics. Existing research papers examining the cause of rural extension educators' role conflict had focused mainly on individual characteristics. Therefore, social characteristics of the role conflict should be included in future research activities. 2) The consequences of role conflict were made up of individual dimensions and organizational dimensions. However, pervious researches on rural extension educators' role conflict had dealt with the individual dimensions only. Therefore, the consequences of organizational dimensions should be added to future researches. 3) Revision of roles and job specifications, developing professional competencies, and raising achievement motivation were some of the possible solutions to rural extension educators' role conflict. These solutions, if managed effectively, may improve the performance of extension organizations, as well as that of the individuals by solving the role conflict of rural extension educators.