• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• 제60권1호
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• pp.53-69
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• 2020

Let (A, M) ⊂ (B, N) be commutative quasi-local rings. We consider the property that there exists a ring D such that A ⊆ D ⊂ B and the extension D ⊂ B is inert. Examples show that the number of such D may be any non-negative integer or infinite. The existence of such D does not imply M ⊆ N. Suppose henceforth that M ⊆ N. If the field extension A/M ⊆ B/N is algebraic, the existence of such D does not imply that B is integral over A (except when B has Krull dimension 0). If A/M ⊆ B/N is a minimal field extension, there exists a unique such D, necessarily given by D = A + N (but it need not be the case that N = MB). The converse fails, even if M = N and B/M is a finite field.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제59권3호
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• pp.659-669
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• 2022

In this paper we introduce the notion of universal free product for operator systems and operator spaces, and prove extension results for the operator system lifting property (OSLP) and operator system local lifting property (OSLLP) to the universal free product.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.23-47
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to analyze intellectual property right status and brand origin of traditional liquor. The data were derived from the brand of 385 traditional liquor species in Korea. The major results of this study were as follows: 1) The management types of traditional liquor were classified into three categories, namely; individual 27(0.74)%, stock company 304(78%) and corporation or union 38(9.8%). 2) Among 385 traditional liquor species, 102(26%) got the trademark registrations and 129(34%) were in the process of trademark applications, while 154(40%) were unregistered brands. 3) The origin of 187(48.6%) brands used the material names such as fruits, rices, trees, roots and flowers, while 176(45.6%) brand used proper noun such as mountain, distinction, rivers etc.. 4) The designation certification status of traditional skill possessor according to national and local autonomous entity were; intangible cultural assets 42 people, master craftsman 28 persons, and provincial intellectual property 16 persons.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.139-150
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• 1993

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.241-254
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• 1992

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.65-71
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• 2021

Background: The hamstring is a muscle that crosses two joints, that is the hip and knee, and its flexibility is an important indicator of physical health in its role in many activities of daily living such as sitting, walking, and running. Limited range of motion (ROM) due to hamstring tightness is strongly related to back pain and malfunction of the hip joint. High-frequency diathermy (HFD) therapy is known to be effective in relaxing the muscle and increasing ROM. Objects: To investigate the effects of HFD on active knee extension ROM and hamstring tone and stiffness in participants with hamstring tightness. Methods: Twenty-four participants with hamstring tightness were recruited, and the operational definition of hamstring tightness in this study was active knee extension ROM of below 160° at 90° hip flexion in the supine position. HFD was applied to the hamstring for 15 minutes using the WINBACK device. All participants were examined before and after the intervention, and the results were analyzed using a paired t-test. The outcome measures included knee extension ROM, the viscoelastic property of the hamstring, and peak torque for passive knee extension. Results: The active knee extension ROM significantly increased from 138.8° ± 9.9° (mean ± standard deviation) to 143.9° ± 10.4° after the intervention (p < 0.05), while viscoelastic property of the hamstring significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Also, the peak torque for knee extension significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Application of HFD for 15 minutes to tight hamstrings immediately improves the active ROM and reduces the tone, stiffness, and elasticity of the muscle. However, further experiments are required to examine the long-term effects of HFD on hamstring tightness including pain reduction, postural improvement around the pelvis and lower extremities, and enhanced functional movement.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.65-70
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• 2016

J. G. Stampfli proved that if a bounded linear operator T on a Hilbert space ${\mathfrak{H}}$ satisfies ($G_1$) property, then the Riesz projection $P_{\lambda}$ associated with ${\lambda}{\in}iso{\sigma}$(T) is self-adjoint and $P_{\lambda}{\mathfrak{H}}=(T-{\lambda})^{-1}(0)=(T^*-{\bar{\lambda}})^{-1}(0)$. In this note we show that Stampfli''s result is generalized to an nilpotent extension of an operator having ($G_1$) property.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.41-53
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• 2013

Antoine studied conditions which are connected to the question of Amitsur of whether or not a polynomial ring over a nil ring is nil, introducing the notion of nil-Armendariz rings. Hizem extended the nil-Armendariz property for polynomial rings onto power-series rings, say nil power-serieswise rings. In this paper, we introduce the notion of power-serieswise CN rings that is a generalization of nil power-serieswise Armendariz rings. Finally, we study the nil-Armendariz property for Ore extensions and skew power series rings.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제57권6호
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• pp.1351-1365
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• 2020

Let S and T be w-linked extension domains of a domain R with S ⊆ T. In this paper, we define what satisfying the w_R-GD property for S ⊆ T means and what being w_R- or w-GD domains for T means. Then some sufficient conditions are given for the w_R-GD property and w_R-GD domains. For example, if T is w_R-integral over S and S is integrally closed, then the w_R-GD property holds. It is also given that S is a w_R-GD domain if and only if S ⊆ T satisfies the w_R-GD property for each w_R-linked valuation overring T of S, if and only if S ⊆ (S[u])_w satisfies the w_R-GD property for each element u in the quotient field of S, if and only if S_𝔪 is a GD domain for each maximal w_R-ideal 𝔪 of S. Then we focus on discussing the relationship among GD domains, w-GD domains, w_R-GD domains, Prüfer domains, PνMDs and Pw_RMDs, and also provide some relevant counterexamples. As an application, we give a new characterization of Pw_RMDs. We show that S is a Pw_RMD if and only if S is a w_R-GD domain and every w_R-linked overring of S that satisfies the w_R-GD property is w_R-flat over S. Furthermore, examples are provided to show these two conditions are necessary for Pw_RMDs.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.163-173
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• 2018

본 연구는 소비자의 브랜드 컨셉(상징적 vs. 기능적)과 브랜드확장의 관계에서 제품의 기술 또는 브랜드 출처를 알려주는 지식재산신념(특허신념 vs. 상표신념)의 역할을 살펴보는 것이다. 이를 위해 프리테스트를 통해 3개의 제품범주(시계, 가방, 자동차)에서 각각 2개의 모(母)브랜드(롤렉스 vs. 카시오, 프라다 vs. 코치, 벤츠 vs. 도요타)와 3개의 확장제품(팔찌, 구두, 오토바이)을 자극물로 선정하여, 전국의 성인남녀를 대상으로 296개의 표본을 수집하여 부적절한 응답지를 제외한 290개(남=143, 여=147)를 최종 분석하였다. 우리는 연구를 통해 제품의 브랜드 컨셉과 브랜드확장의 관계에서 상표신념은 매개역할을 하지만, 소비자의 특허신념은 매개역할을 하지 않는다는 것을 확인했다. 또한, 소비자의 사고방식은 브랜드컨셉과 브랜드확장의 관계를 특허신념의 매개로 조절한다는 것도 밝혔다. 본 연구는 기존연구와는 달리 모브랜드 컨셉에 따른 소비자의 브랜드 확장태도에서 지식재산신념의 매개역할을 밝혔다는 점에서 이론적 시사점을 제공하며, 모브랜드의 컨셉과 소비자의 사고방식에 따른 소비자의 지식재산신념 구축이 기업의 지속적인 성장과 시장경쟁력을 가져다준다는 실무적 시사점을 제공한다. 본 연구는 모브랜드 컨셉에 따른 브랜드 확장의 성공을 위해, 기업이 준비해야 할 지식재산을 명확히 밝힘으로써 기업의 브랜드 가치를 높이는데 일조할 수 있으리라 본다.