• Progress in Superconductivity
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2002

Transferring single flux quanta across a Josephson junction at an exactly determined rate has made highly precise voltage measurements possible. Making use of self-shunted Nb-based SINIS junctions, programmable fast-switching DC voltage standards with output voltages of up to 10 V were produced. This development is now extended from fundamental DC measurements to the precise determination of AC voltages with arbitrary waveforms. Integrated RSFQ circuits will help to replace expensive semiconductor devices for frequency control and signal coding. Easy-to-handle AC and inexpensive quantum voltmeters of fundamental accuracy would be of interest to industry. In analogy to the development in the flux regime, metallic nanocircuits comprising small-area tunnel junctions and providing the coherent transport of single electrons might play an important role in quantum current metrology. By precise counting of single charges these circuits allow prototypes of quantum standards for electric current and capacitance to be realised. Replacing single electron devices by single Cooper pair circuits, the charge transfer rates and thus the quantum currents could be significantly increased. Recently, the principles of the gate-controlled transfer of individual Cooper pairs in superconducting A1 devices in different electromagnetic environments were demonstrated. The characteristics of these quantum coherent circuits can be improved by replacing the small aluminum tunnel Junctions by niobium junctions. Due to the higher value of the superconducting energy gap ($\Delta_{Nb}$ ＝ $7\Delta_{Al}$), the characteristic energy and the frequency scales for Nb devices are substantially extended as compared to A1 devices. Although the fabrication of small Nb junctions presents a real challenge, the Nb-based metrological devices will be faster and more accurate in operation. Moreover, the Nb-based Cooper pair electrometer could be coupled to an Nb single Cooper pair qubit which can be beneficial for both, the stability of the qubit and its readout with a large signal-to-noise ratio..

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.75-83
• /
• 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine how a singing program using self-voice monitoring for children with cochlear implants (CI) influences on the intonation and the accuracy of pitch production. To verify and estimate the effectiveness, a program was conducted with participants of 7 prelingual CI users, whose aged between 4 years and 7 years. The program adopted three stages from the self-voice monitoring: Listen, Explore, and Reproduce (LER stage). All participants received 8 singing sessions over 8 weeks, including pre-test, intervention, and post-test. For the pre and post-test, participants' singing of an excerpt of a song "happy birthday" and speaking three assertive sentences and three interrogative sentences were recorded and analyzed in terms of the intonation slopes at the end of the sentences and the melodic contour. From the sentence speeches, we found that the intonation slopes of the interrogative sentences significantly improved as they showed similar patterns with that of the average normal hearing group. Also, in regard to singing, we observed that the melody contour had progressed, as well as the range of pitch production had extended. The positive result from the intervention indicates that the singing program was effective for children with CI to develop the intonation skill and accuracy of pitch production.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
• /
• s.41
• /
• pp.429-454
• /
• 2015

The starting point of this discussion resides in the 'eyes' of mirror in a sense of seeing the self reflected in a mirror. The meaning of mirror has been evolved over the centuries while strengthening its sense of identity by bringing up some questions for resemblance, reproduction, self-reflection and reality. A mirror has also extended its vision and provided with a range of images that the self can't have. In this regard, looking into a mirror has been a sustained focus of attention by creating another ostensible being of self-image. This shows the two sides of mirror, which reveals an ambiguous gap between substance and illusion. An excessive immersion in a reflected image in a mirror is intensified and expressed today. The eyes of mirror consisting of a complex dual structure show relations between a person who sees and a person who is seen, which draws a hazy line of demarcation between the subject and the object. This opens up the possibility of the world of chiasme, where you could face all the aspects being from the eyes of others. Furthermore, the meaning of the reflection in a mirror has formed a creative discourse as an enigmatic medium that creates a variety of 'eyes' in various forms of aesthetic expression like paintings and literature. I accordingly suggest that the 'eyes of mirror' is the ambiguous 'eyes of human being' reflected in two territories of the world. Therefore, I will present the historical development of the perspective on the mirror to take a concrete approach in which it opens up the reflective structure of resemblance through a series of examples projected onto the literary and artistic productions. This study will serve as ruminations on the fact that your life is being existent in 'chiasme' of mutual entanglement between the self and the world by investigating relations between a person who sees and a person who is seen, in other words, relations between the perceiving subject and the eyes of others reflected in a mirror.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.3-26
• /
• 2015

Recently, Practicing of ghost surgery and duty of informed consent of doctors have become a big issue in the medical dispute and lawsuits. The ground of admitting the informed consent and the agreement(self-determination of patients) can be based on the dignity of man and the right to pursue his happiness guaranteed under Article 10 of the constitution in theory. However there are no explicit legal regulations on the duty of the informed consent and there is no substantive legal enactment on the informed consent, but there is a collision between self-determination of patients and the discretionary power of doctors. If the discretionary power on the duty of the informed consent was extended it may result in the infringement of the right of surgical patients, so called arbitrary medical treatment. Relating to this issue, New Jersey Supreme Court held that a patient has the right to determine not only whether surgery is to be performed on him, but also who shall perform it. Moreover it held that a surgeon who operates without the patient's consent engages in the unauthorized touching of another and, thus, commits a battery'. But there are no ghost surgery cases adopting battery theory in Korea, and professional negligence has been considered rather than the battery, regarding an absence of hostile intent to injure patient. Supreme Court of Korea held that a doctor who operates a medical procedure without the patient's valid prior consent based on wrong diagnosis commits professional negligence resulting in injury, and the patient's invalid consent do not preclude wrongfulness'. However, if a health care provider conducts a completely non-consensual treatment or substitute surgeon without consent, the action should be plead in battery, not negligence, but if a health care provider violate his duty of care in obtaining the consent of the patient by failing to disclosure all relevant information (risks) that a reasonable person would deem significant in making a decision to have the procedure, the action should be plead in negligence, not battery. Therefore, the scope of patients' self-determination can be protected by stating clearly the scope of the duty of the informed consent and the exemption of the informed consent legislatively, it is considered that it is valid to legislate the limitation of the discretionary power.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
• /
• v.14 no.5
• /
• pp.141-157
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study was to verify the effects of personal characteristics and military service experience on their entrepreneurial intention. Hypotheses were developed based on extant literature and tested using the data collected by surveys to retiring officers and NCOs. The conclusions drawn from the analysis were as follows. First, the major factors affecting the voluntary self-employment intention are role model, perceived desirability, and working environment. Second, the biggest difficulty in preparing to start a self-employed business is the lack of founding capital and entrepreneurial information. Third, the respondents believe that military career is not helpful in starting a business. Fourth, there were many negative perceptions that the education and training from the military does not help the self-employment. As a result, it is believed that improvement of entrepreneurial education in the military and expansion of entrepreneurial education during service are required. Especially, the education focusing on self-employed entrepreneurship should be improved. It is recommendable that the entrepreneurial education now being carried out by the Military Outplacement Training Institute should be extended not only during the outplacement period but also the normal service period, thereby increasing the intention of the military official.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.10 no.10
• /
• pp.261-275
• /
• 2012

An increasing number of mountaineers are recently creating diverse consumer needs for mountaineering garments, thereby leading to a production of smart mountaineering garments with diverse-functions. Smart mountaineering garments are increasingly adding to comfort and safety, boosting their market size. This study researched on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to examine factors that influence the intention of consumers to purchase buy mountaineering garments. For that purpose, 641 people aged 20-61 years who experienced in mountaineering were surveyed online. An extended TAM was designed by adding new variables such as fashion involvement and garment involvement associated with the characteristics of clothing products to the variables such as self-efficacy sense, technological innovativeness, perceived enjoyment. The findings of the study suggested that self-efficacy sense influenced perceived usefulness, perceived easiness of use, and perceived enjoyment, while garment involvement and fashion involvement influenced the perceived easiness of use and the perceived usefulness, respectively. Also, the perceived easiness of use influenced perceived usefulness and perceived enjoyment, while the perceived usefulness and perceived enjoyment directly influenced the intention of purchase. Based on the findings of this research, this study seeks to determine factors variables of smart garments purchase intention, and to explore measures to enhance such purchase intention, thereby offering working implications for developing smart mountaineering garments.

• Korean Security Journal
• /
• no.21
• /
• pp.177-199
• /
• 2009

In this study, I would try to observe the scopes and related matters of the authority of private security personnel based on the basic discussion about the identity of private security. Everybody knows, the problems of private personnel have been mainly discussed in the relations of the public police. Because the roles of private personnel are similar to the police, and in the perspective of the law, private security are regulated by the police. When we compared with the police, the scopes of authorities of private personnel are considered in several points. First, most private personnel are just only 'citizen', so they can exercise the authority as citizen. It can include self-defense, self-help. flagrante delicto arrest. But when discuss the authority in the scopes of a possessionary right or managemental right, the authority of private personnel can be extended somewhat. Moreover, when private personnel are delegated by the special laws, their authority are extended much more. Finally, when the whole authority are delegated by such as the privatization, private personnel authority can be nearly same to the police. But, it can be considered that the degrees of the delegated authority are flexible. And the exercise of the authority must be performed in the limit that not infringe the individual freedom and rights. It seems to me that the degrees of fairness in use of authorities and it's a permitted limit are set forth a premise not only the legitimate base but also judicial judgement. Therefore, the attitudes of the courts related the exercise of authority are very important. And the growth of private security and the extension of authority followed are inevitably accompany the various problems of responsibility, so it must be considered about that in many perspectives.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.47-67
• /
• 2021

The purpose of this study is to identify antecedent factors influencing the two-sided consumption intention tendencies observed in MZ generation from the viewpoint of consumption value in the cosmetic consumption scene of fashion houses. In order to verify the research model and hypotheses proposed in this study at the level of statistical significance. a survey was conducted for MZ generation, and data collected from a total of 286 samples were analyzed through a structural equation model. As a result. emotional and social consumption value was identified as a variable that had a great influence on the consumption intention of MZ generation. First, self-esteem had an effect on the emotion consumption value at the statistical significance level. Second, materialism had a significant influence on emotional and social consumption values. Third, public self-consciousness was found to have an effect on social consumption value. That is, MZ generation pursues the beauty trend presented by the fashion house's beauty brand and perceives it as a high consumption value. In addition, it was confirmed that MZ generation exhibited a conspicuous consumption tendency that they could be socially differentiated by using fashion house cosmetics.

• Journal of the HCI Society of Korea
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.65-73
• /
• 2017

While electricity demand is generally increasing, stably controlling supply is becoming a serious challenge because renewable energies are becoming popular and often their productions are dependent on the weather. The 'demand response' programs can be used to complement the problems of renewable energies, and therefore their role is becoming increasingly important. This study provides an analysis of a demand response pilot that was conducted in Korea. The study first focused on questionnaire surveys and in-depth interviews, and the data was used to perform a Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) analysis. The goal of the pilot was to have the residential users reduce their power consumptions when an energy reduction mission is issued during peak load hours. The experimental subjects consisted of two groups with different characteristics. Subjects in group A obtained smart meters as an optional function of IoT platform service provided by a mobile service company, and received a charge deduction as their compensation. Subjects in group B either voluntarily purchased smart meters as individuals or received them by participating in an energy self-sufficient village program that was run by a local government, and were entitled to a donation as their compensation. With the analysis, group A was found to fit the extended technology acceptance model that includes perceived playfulness in addition to perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness. On the contrary, group B failed to fit the model well, but perceived usefulness was found to be relatively more important compared to group A. The results indicate that the residential energy groups' behavior changes are dependent on each group's characteristics, and group-specific DR design should be considered to improve the effectiveness of DR.

• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
• /
• v.8 no.6
• /
• pp.115-122
• /
• 2022

Recently, the importance of CPR training for the layperson has been emphasized to improve the survival rate of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients. An accurate and realistic training strategy is required for the CPR training effect for laypersons. In this study, we develop an extended reality (XR) based CPR training system and evaluate its usability. The XR based CPR training system consisted of three applications. First, a 3D heart anatomy image registered to the manikin is transmitted to the smart glasses to guide the chest compression point. The second application provides visual and auditory information about the CPR process through smart glasses. At the same time, the smartwatch sends a vibration notification to guide the compression rate. The 'Add-on-kit' is a device that detects the depth and speed of chest compression via sensors installed on the manikin and sends immediate feedback to the smartphone. One hundred laypersons who participated in this study agreed that the XR based CPR training system has realism and effectiveness. XR based registration technology will contribute to improving the efficiency of CPR training by enhancing realism, immersion, and self-directed learning.