• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.157-163
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• 2013

알로에의 유효성분인 다당의 효율적 생산연구일환으로 수행되었던 aloe callus의 현탁배양과 관련하여, 본 연구에서는 이의 배양생성물(세포외 다당)과 callus의 용매추출물에 대한 항염증 활성을 조사하였다. 세포외 다당(ACP)과 callus (AC)의 물 및 에탄올 추출물의 대식세포(Raw 264.7) 세포생존율을 MTT assay로 조사한 결과, AC-DMSO의 $400{\mu}g/mL$ 첨가구에서 97%로 미미한 증식저해를 보였으나 나머지 시료처리구는 모두 증식 촉진효과를 나타내었다. 또, LPS에 의해 활성화된 Raw 264.7 세포 배양액의 알로에 추출물 처리에 따른 NO 생성 저해효과를 조사한 결과, AC-DW와 AC-DMSO는 오히려 양성대 조구인 LPS 단독보다 더 많은 NO를 생성하였다. 특히, 세포외 다당 분획인 ACP-DW는 NO 생성을 강력히 억제하여 $80-100{\mu}g/mL$의 비교적 낮은 농도의 첨가로 대조구 수준까지 억제하였다. 또, Raw 264.7 세포에 LPS로 자극을 주고 알로에 현탁 배양 생성물의 처리에 따른 COX-2단백질의 발현정도를 조사한 결과, ACP-DW 처리구는 단독으로 COX-2 단백질을 발현시키지 않았으며, LPS 자극에 따른 COX-2의 발현감소는 미미하였다. 아울러, 활성화된 대식세포로부터 생성된 염증 사이토카인인 IL-$1{\beta}$와 TNF-${\alpha}$의 발현량을 RT-PCR로 조사한 결과, ACPDW 처리구에서 TNF-${\alpha}$의 발현이 강력하게 억제되었다. 이상의 결과들은 알로에 현탁배양 유래의 생성물들이 비교적 우수한 항염증활성을 나타냄을 보여주는 결과로, 그동안 삽목번식의 재배방법에 의존하였던 알로에 유효성분의 생산을 대체할 수 있는 효율적이고, 새로운 방법으로서의 알로에 callus의 현탁배양 가능성을 보여주었다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.169-175
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• 2012

본 연구는 농산물로부터 S. aureus분리에 적합한 배지를 선발하고자 난황첨가 mannitol salt agar (MSA), 난황과 tellurite과 첨가된 Barid-Parker agar (BPA), 토끼혈장이 첨가된 Barid-Parker agar (BPA+RPF), 3M petrifilm Staph Express count plates (Petriflm) 및 CHROMagar Staphylococcus aureus (CSA)의 민감도, 특이도, 손상된 세포에 대한 회복능, 농산물로부터 회수율에 대하여 비교 실험을 하였다. 민감도와 특이도를 조사하기 위하여 S. aureus 21주, Stapylococcus spp. 20주, 그 외 식중독균 33주를 각 선택배지에 접종하였으며 손상된 세포에 대한 회복능은 조사를 위하여 열($60^{\circ}C$, 90초), 산(1% lactic acid, 10분), 저온($-20^{\circ}C$, 1시간) 처리하였다. 또한 양상추, 토마토, 고추에 S. aureus를 4.0 log CFU/g농도로 접종하고 각 선택배지에 도말하였다. 민감도는 BPA+RPF(100%) = CSA(100%)=petrifilm(100%) > MSA(90.5%) > BPA(90.5%), 특이도는 BPA+RPF(100%) = CSA(100%) > MSA(84.6%) > BPA(75.0%) > petrifilm(67.3%) 순으로 나타났다. 한편, 손상된 세포의 회복능과 농산물에서 회수율은 5종의 배지에서 차이가 없었다. 따라서 농산물 중 S. aureus를 분리할 시 BPA+RPF와 CSA를 사용하는 것이 가장 효과적일 것으로 판단된다.

• 감성과학
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.267-278
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• 2009

오늘날 가상 세계에서 인간과 인간, 컴퓨터와 인간의 상호작용을 좀 더 효율적으로 도와줄 수 있는 매개체로서 에이전트에 대한 관심이 증대되고 있다. 특히 에이전트의 정서표현도 인간의 정서 표현처럼 해석할 수 있고 그에 대해 인간의 정서표현에 반응하는 것과 마찬가지의 방식으로 반응한다는 연구들이 있어왔다. 그렇다면 에이전트의 정서표현이 표정과 목소리에서 서로 불일치한다면 어떤 쪽에 더 치중해서 에이전트의 정서를 해석할지 또는 어느 한 쪽에 치중하는 것이 아니라 두 정서 모두 조합해서 받아들일지 알아보고자 했다. 또한 만약 표정과 목소리의 두 가지 정서를 조합해서 인지한다면 표정이나 목소리에서는 표현되지 않은 제 3의 정서를 느끼지는 않는 것인지 알아보았다. 실험은 표정(4) $\times$ 목소리(4)로 이루어졌다. 실험 결과 사람들은 에이전트의 한 가지 채널에 지배받아서 정서를 인지하는 것이 아니라 표정(시각)과 목소리(청각) 두 채널 모두를 조합해서 정서를 인지하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 두 채널의 정서가 불일치할 때에는 혼란에 빠져 무슨 정서인지 모르게 되는 것이 아니라 또 다른 실망, 지루함, 지친, 반가운 등의 제 3의 정서를 느끼는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.123-144
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• 2017

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate affection on how users perceive colors viewed from an automotive visual display according to cultural and radical differences including North America, Europe, and Southeast Asia. This study especially aims to identify effects of the variation of tone and chroma of representative color groups by analyzing affection differences depending on cultural and racial differences targeting the colors constituted through variation of tone and chroma, centered on representative colors. Background: The colors of the menu, information display or background viewed through an automotive visual display are an important factor stimulating consumer's affection, and therefore an effort to express the vehicle's brand and product image through colors is made. The studies on colors focus only on the research on unique characteristics of colors, but an affective approach lacks according to cultural and racial differences on colors considering tone and chroma variation within a color from the currently used automotive visual displays. Method: To grasp the visual affection felt by users, this study extracted affective adjectives related with colors through existing literature and a dictionary for adjectives, and presented human affection dimensions on colors through evaluation of various colors. Prior to carrying out affection evaluation, the basic light sources, red (R), green (G), and blue (B) constituting the colors used for automotive visual displays were defined as a representative color group, respectively. When colors in a color group are constituted, the evaluation target of each color group consisted of the colors considering the variation of tone and chroma by changing color sense through RGB values of the remaining two light sources. And then, this study carried out affection evaluation on the constituted colors targeting the subjects with cultural and racial differences. Results: As a result of evaluating the constituted colors with representative affections, there were statistically significant differences between the groups having cultural and racial differences. As a result of S-N-K post-hoc analysis on the colors showing significant differences, North America and Europe were classified as heterogeneous groups. In some cases, Korea was classified as the homogeneous group with North America, but Korea was mainly classified as the homogenous group with Europe. Conclusion: The representative affections on colors from an automotive visual display was drawn as three affective dimensions: passionate, neat, and masculine. Based on these, the affection of Korea and Europe on the constituted colors showed significant differences from that of North America, as a result of affection evaluation on the constituted colors viewed through the visual display by reflecting cultural and racial factors. Regarding representative color groups, bigger cultural and racial differences were revealed in terms of affection on red and green colors than on blue color, and variation of affection was the biggest in the red color. Application: This study analyzed correlations of affection considering the colors constituted through variation of tone and chroma, and the culture and race in the representative color groups constituting a visual display. The results of this study are predicted to be utilized in coordination and selection of colors viewed from an automotive visual display taking into account culture and race.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.915-921
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• 2001

IGF-I is involved in the regulation of growth and differentiation in mammals, but its role as a modulator of growth and metabolism in poultry is poorly understood. And, no studies have so far been reported for the comparison between serum IGF-I concentration and body growth in the egg type or the dual purposes (meat and egg type) chicken including the Korean Native Ogol Chicken (KNOC). Therefore, in order to improve the body growth and meat production of the KNOC, this study was conducted for the identification of the polymorphism of IGF-I gene and for its possible association with both body weight and IGF-I concentration. The RFLP patterns for IGF-I gene were identified by the PstI restriction enzyme. The frequencies of +/+, +/-, and -/- genotype were 16.9%, 51.7%, and 31.4%, respectively. Any statistical significance was not observed in all variations except for sex variation (p<0.01) by covariate quadratic model. The significant effect of the IGF-I genotype on body weight by sex indicates that there are different physiological characteristics in gender. Although the body weights of male KNOCs in most ages were not significant, there was a tendency of KNOCs with +/+ IGF-I genotype to be heavier than those with any other genotypes. But all IGF-I genotypes in female did not influence on body weight. The ANOYA revealed no significant effects of IGF-I genotypes on serum IGF-I concentration but sex effect was highly significant on the IGF-I concentration at 20 and 40 weeks (p<0.01). Although the +/+ genotype, in gender, tended to express a higher IGF-I concentration than the other genotypes at all ages in males, a statistical difference among the genotypes was not found except for 60 weeks (p<0.05). Furthermore, since body weight and IGF-I genotypes are associated, it is possible to improve KNOC to a meat type breed if a continuous selection can be made for the body weight and/or IGF-I traits.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.189-194
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• 2004

Amylase isozyme based three multivoltine viz., N+p, Np, N+ $p^{cho}$ and two bivoltine-D6+p, D6p syngenic lines (Syn. L) were developed from germplasm (GP) stocks Nistari (N) and D6 respectively. haemolymph isozyme pattern at pH 7.0 and 8.5 depicted a total 11 number (Am $y_{1 to 6}$ at pH 7.0 and Am $y^{l to 5}$ at pH 8.5) of native proteins (NP) of various sizes are amylase isozyme expressers. Among eleven NPs, two NPs of 770 kDa (Am $y^{6}$ at pH 7.0) and 376 kDa (Am $y^3$ at pH 8.5) are $\alpha$-amylase expressers and remaining NPs of 370, 364, 350, 329 and 274 kDa at pH 7.0 and 206, 292, 416, 725 kDa at pH 8.5 are $\beta$-amylase expressers. Accordingly, digestive juice amylase isozyme pattern at aforesaid pH also depicted a total number of 10 NPs (Am $y^{1 to 5}$) at each pH 7.0 and 8.5 are amylase expressers of which NP of 387 kDa (Am $y^4$ at pH 7.0) and 780 kDa (Am $y^{5}$ at pH 8.5) are a-amylase expresser. Remaining NPs of 338,297 ＆ 216 kDa at pH 7.0 and 370, 341, 329 ＆302 kDa at pH 8.5 are $\beta$-amylase expresser. Recurrent backcross lines (RBL) viz., N+pRBL and NpRBL were developed through introgression of high shell weight character (a multigenic trait) to be used further for congenic line (Con. L) development and to understand any association with introgressed character. Isozyme pattern in haemolymph of RBLs depicted only one $\alpha$-amylase of 770 kDa at pH 7.0 and 376 kDa at pH 8.0 with three and four respective $\beta$-amylase bands but in bivoltine lines numbers of $\beta$-amylase bands vary between 1 to 2 at aforesaid pH. Variability was also observed in digestive juice of multivolitine and its RBLs but bivoltine lines express null activity at both pH except appearance of one very week $\alpha$-amylase band D6+p at pH 8.5. Overall study suggests that not a single NP at both pH is common for expression of any band of amylase isozyme i.e., a totally different set of proteins are the amylase isozyme expresser at specific pH and no molecular factor of amylase is associated in developed RBLs which showed improvement on survival, single cocoon shell weight (SCSW) and single filament length over receptor parents.s.s.s.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.912-918
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• 2003

Mitotic centromere-associated kinesin (MCAK), which is a novel kinesin with a central motor domain, is believed to playa role in mitotic segregation of chromosome during the M phase of the cell cycle. In the present study, it is shown that a rabbit polyclonal antibody has been produced using the N-terminal region (187 aa) of human MCAK expressed in E. coli as the antigen. To express the N-terminal region in E. coli, the MCAK cDNA fragment encoding N-terminal 187 aa was obtained by PCR and was then inserted into the pET 3d expression vector. Molecular mass of the N-terminal region overexpressed in the presence of IPTG was 23.2 kDa on SDS-PAGE, and the protein was insoluble and mainly localized in the inclusion body that could be easily purified from the other cellular proteins. The N-terminal region was purified by electro-elution from the gel after the inclusion body was resolved on the SDS-PAGE. The antiserum obtained after tertiary immunization with the purified protein specifically recognized HsMCAK when subjected to Western blot analysis, and showed a fluctuation of the protein level during the cell cycle of human Jurkat T cells. Synchronization of the cell-cycle progression required for recovery of cells at a specific stage of the cell cycle was performed by either hydroxyurea or nocadazole, and subsequent release from each blocking at 2, 4, and 7 h. Northern and Western analyses revealed that both mRNA and protein of HsMCAK reached a maximum level in the S phase and declined to a basal level in the G1 phase. These results indicate that a polyclonal antibody raised against the N-terminal region (187 aa) of HsMCAK, overexpressed in E. coli, specifically detects HsMCAK (81 kDa), and it can analyze the differential expression of HsMCAK protein during the cell cycle.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.121-141
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• 2011

Objective : This Experimental study was done to investigate the Effect of Taklisodok-um and Hwangryunhaedok-tang(TH) on Atopic Dermatitis. Methods : We assessed effects of TH on the IgE, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IgM, IgG1, IFN-${\gamma}$ in vivo, on the IL-4, IL-5, CCR3 in the skin tissues of ear and dorsum with NC/Nga mice. And we assessed effects of TH on the COX-2, IL-$1{\beta}$, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6 with RAW 264.7 cell. Results and Conclusion : 1. IgE, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IgM, IgGl levels in the serum of TH treated NC/Nga mouse group were decreased compared to the untreated control mice. IFN-r showed a increase in the experimental group compared to the untreated control group. The spleen weight of TH treated NC/Nga mice was decreased compared to the untreated control group. 2. mRNA expression levels of IL-4, IL-5 and CCR3 in the skin tissues of TH treated NC/Nga mice were decreased, and expression levels of IL-6 in the skin tissues of TH treated NC/Nga mice were decreased compared to the untreated control group. IFN-${\gamma}$ mRNA expression levels were increased compared to the untreated control group. 3. Judged from that IL-$1{\beta}$, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6 express of gene, effect of inflammatory Cytokines revelation were decreased compared to the untreated control group. 4. Depend on the strength of TH, inflammatory RAW 264.7 in the serum of TH were inhibited compared to the untreated control serum that leaded a COX-2 activity model. 5. Histological observation of the ear and skin tissues showed that the extents of inflammation and infiltrated immune cells in the epidermis and dermis of TH treated NC/Nga mice were highly reduced compared to the untreated control group.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.34-42
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• 2008

정확한 지리위치 좌표를 나타내는 기준점은 국가의 중요한 자산으로써 전국토의 측량과 기타 측량 사업에 사용되고 있다. 유비쿼터스 기술의 발전으로 위치정보는 우리 생활에서 중요한 역할을 하고 있다. 현재 RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification)와 같은 유비쿼터스 기술을 기준점 관리 시스템에 융합함으로써 관리의 효율성을 제고하기 위해 여러 분야에서 연구가 진행되고 있다. 그러나 기존의 연구에서는 데이터 관점에서 기준점 관리를 위한 호환성과 효율적인 검색에 대한 연구는 미비한 실정이다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 온톨로지 기술을 사용하여 기준점 데이터를 효율적으로 검색하기 위한 데이터 모델링을 구축하고 그의 적용 방안에 초점을 두어 연구한다. 제안된 온톨로지 기반의 검색 시스템은 계층적 검색으로 사용자의 반복된 검색 수행을 줄일 수 있고, 연관 검색으로 검색 시간을 줄일 수 있는 장점이 있다. 또한, 사용자 인터페이스와 관련된 소스 코드를 수정하지 않고 카테고리와 속성의 항목을 편집할 수 있는 효과적인 검색 시스템 구축 방법을 제안한다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.36-36
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• 2017

Out of twenty common protein amino acids, there are many kinds of non protein amino acids (NPAAs) that exist as secondary metabolites and exert ecological functions in plants. Mimosine (Mim), one of those NPAAs derived from L. leucocephala acts as an iron chelator and reversely block mammalian cell cycle at G1/S phases. Cysteine (Cys) is decisive for protein and glutathione that acts as an indispensable sulfur grantor for methionine and many other sulfur-containing secondary products. Cys biosynthesis includes consecutive two steps using two enzymes-serine acetyl transferase (SAT) and O-acetylserine (thiol)lyase (OASTL) and appeared in plant cytosol, chloroplast, and mitochondria. In the first step, the acetylation of the ${\beta}$-hydroxyl of L-serine by acetyl-CoA in the existence of SAT and finally, OASTL triggers ${\alpha}$, ${\beta}$-elimination of acetate from OAS and bind $H_2S$ to catalyze the synthesis of Cys. Mimosine synthase, one of the isozymes of the OASTLs, is able to synthesize Mim with 3-hydroxy-4-pyridone (3H4P) instead of $H_2S$ for Cys in the last step. Thus, the aim of this study was to clone and characterize the cytosolic (Cy) OASTL gene from L. leucocephala, express the recombinant OASTL in Escherichia coli, purify it, do enzyme kinetic analysis, perform docking dynamics simulation analysis between the receptor and the ligands and compare its performance between Cys and Mim synthesis. Cy-OASTL was obtained through both directional degenerate primers corresponding to conserved amino acid region among plant Cys synthase family and the purified protein was 34.3KDa. After cleaving the GST-tag, Cy-OASTL was observed to form mimosine with 3H4P and OAS. The optimum Cys and Mim reaction pH and temperature were 7.5 and $40^{\circ}C$, and 8.0 and $35^{\circ}C$ respectively. Michaelis constant (Km) values of OAS from Cys were higher than the OAS from Mim. Inter fragment interaction energy (IFIE) of substrate OAS-Cy-OASTL complex model showed that Lys, Thr81, Thr77 and Gln150 demonstrated higher attraction force for Cys but 3H4P-mimosine synthase-OAS intermediate complex showed that Gly230, Tyr227, Ala231, Gly228 and Gly232 might provide higher attraction energy for the Mim. It may be concluded that Cy-OASTL demonstrates a dual role in biosynthesis both Cys and Mim and extending the knowledge on the biochemical regulatory mechanism of mimosine and cysteine.