• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.61-69
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• 2019

Purpose: The study aims to provide basic data to enhance the health of paramedics responsible for patient transport and treatment by analyzing the exposure level of paramedics to electromagnetic waves generated by electric devices used in ambulances. Methods: The study measured electromagnetic waves in ambulances in N region from July to December 2018. ME3030B produced by German Gigahertz Solutions was used to measure these waves and the maximum value was selected by moving it slowly in various directions. Each measurement part was selected and the mean value was calculated by repeatedly measuring at 10-minute intervals three times in total: $1^{st}$, $2^{nd}$, and $3^{rd}$ phase. Results: Among the electrical devices installed in the patient room of the ambulance measured at distances of 1 cm or 30 cm, results showed a high level of electric waves at the inverter ($26.25{\pm}39V/m$) and high level of electromagnetic waves ($564.00{\pm}31.75nT$) at the ozone sterilizer. According to measurements toward the front near the driver's seat, results indicated high levels of electric waves ($3.67{\pm}1.15V/m$) and electromagnetic waves ($450.00{\pm}19.52nT$) at the black box hard drive. Conclusion: Electromagnetic waves within the ambulance were stable and not beyond the range that might impact human health. However, in the case of the black box hard drive ($3.67{\pm}1.15V/m$, $450.00{\pm}19.52nT$) located under the passenger seat, it may have a direct effect on the human body and, thus it is necessary to move it to a storage area further away from the paramedics to minimized the impact.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.102-108
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• 2019

Objectives: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is considered as a deadly medical condition that affects a growing number of people worldwide. Targeted therapy of ESCC has been suggested recently and required extensive research. With cyclin D1 as a therapeutic target, the present study aimed at evaluating the anticancer effects of doxorubicin (Dox) or Hypericum perforatum L. (HP) extract encapsulated in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles on the ESCC cell line KYSE30. Methods: Nanoparticles were prepared using double emulsion method. Cytotoxicity assay was carried out to measure the anti-proliferation activity of Dox-loaded (Dox NPs) and HP-loaded nanoparticles (HP NPs) against both cancer and normal cell lines. The mRNA gene expression of cyclin D1 was evaluated to validate the cytotoxicity studies at molecular level. Results: Free drugs and nanoparticles significantly inhibited KYSE30 cells by 55-73% and slightly affected normal cells up to 29%. The IC50 of Dox NPs and HP NPs was ~ 0.04-0.06 mg/mL and ~ 0.6-0.7 mg/mL, respectively. Significant decrease occurred in cyclin D1 expression by Dox NPs and HP NPs (P < 0.05). Exposure of KYSE-30 cells to combined treatments including both Dox and HP extract significantly increased the level of cyclin D1 expression as compared to those with individual treatments (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Dox NPs and HP NPs can successfully and specifically target ESCC cells through downregulation of cyclin D1. The simultaneous use of Dox and HP extract should be avoided for the treatment of ESCC.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.254-263
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• 2021

Background: A chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) model has been proposed as relevant to stress-induced behavioral change in humans. In this study, we examined the effect of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) on CSDS-induced mood disorders and protein expression in an animal model. Methods: To evaluate the effect of KRG on social defeat stress, test mice were exposed in the resident aggressor's home cage compartment for 14 days beginning 1 h after KRG treatment (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg, per oral (p.o.)). After the exposure, behavioral tests to measure anxiety, social interaction, and depression-like behavior were performed. To investigate the underlying mechanism, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor expression levels in CSDS-induced mice were evaluated using Western blot analysis. Results: CSDS induced anxiety-like behaviors by decreasing central activity in the open-field test and open-arm approach in the elevated plus maze test and led to social avoidance behavior in the social interaction test. CSDS mice showed upregulated NR1, NR2A, and NR2B expression in the hippocampus. KRG 20 and 40 mg/kg ameliorated anxiety-like activities and KRG 20 mg/kg alleviated social avoidance by decreasing time in the corner zone. KRG treatment recovered CSDS-induced NR1, NR2A, and NR2B protein levels in the hippocampus. Conclusion: These results indicate that KRG has a therapeutic effect on CSDS-induced mood disorder by alleviating N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor overexpression in the hippocampus.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.149-160
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• 2011

스마트그리드는 기존의 전력망과 정보통신 기술을 융합하여 에너지 효율을 최적화할 수 있는 차세대 지능형 전력망이다. 이는 소비자에게는 전력 요금의 실시간 확인을 통해 능동적인 전력소비를 유도하고, 공급자에게는 예상 발전량 측정을 통해 보다 안정적인 전력 시스템을 운용하도록 할 수 있다는 장점이 있다. 그러나 스마트그리드는 지능형 장치를 통한 양방향 통신 사이에서 데이터 노출, 데이터 도용, 프라이버시 침해와 같은 다양한 보안 위협들이 존재할 가능성이 있다. 따라서 이러한 스마트그리드의 보안 위협에 대응할 수 있는 안전한 환경을 구축하기 위해서는 보안 메커니즘 개발에 핵심이 되는 키 관리 기법이 필수적으로 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 해쉬 체인을 이용하여 계층적 구조를 갖는 스마트그리드 환경에 효율적으로 적용 가능한 그룹키 관리 메커니즘을 제안하고, 제안하는 그룹키 관리 메커니즘의 안전성 및 효율성을 분석한다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제24권9호
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• pp.1187-1192
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• 2020

드론봇 전투체계는 4차산업혁명에서 미래 전장의 대표적인 모델이다. 드론봇에서 무인정찰 탱크로봇은 인간보다 더 높은 전투력으로 인명 피해를 최소화하며 비용을 절감할 수 있다. 그러나 전장 환경은 장애물, 적 상황 등 매우 복잡하므로 탱크로봇을 조종사가 제어 할 필요도 있다. 탱크로봇은 ICT 신기술의 로봇으로서 해킹 공격이 가능하며, 제어에 이상이 생기면 조종 및 통제에 위협을 줄 수 있다. 탱크로봇과 컨트롤러의 통신구간에 블루투스 Sniffing 공격을 하여, 블루투스에 대한 취약점을 소개하고, 보안대책으로 MAC주소 노출예방과 통신 구간 암호화를 이용한 대책을 제안하였다. 본 논문은 미래 군 작전에 운용될 탱크로봇에 대한 취약점을 최초로 제시하였으며, 국방 드론봇 부대에 활용될 수 있는 기초자료가 될 것이다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.187-202
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• 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The exposure to sucrose in rats has mimic abnormalities attributed to metabolic syndrome (MetS). The effects of honey bee and "free" glucose and fructose, have not been explored in this context. The aim was to expose Wistar rodents to sucrose solution (SS), honey solution (HS) and fructose/glucose solution (GFS) at 30% to assess their effects. SUBJECTS/METHODS: HS (n = 10), SS (n = 10) and GFS (n = 10) groups were formed. Solutions were ad libitum along 14-weeks. RESULTS: Between solutions consumptions, honey was significantly 42% higher (P = 0.000), while similar consumption was observed among GFS and SS. The feeding pattern of HS consumption was irregular along experiment; while the food intake pattern showed the similar trend among groups along time. Non statistical differences were obtained in any biochemical and anthropometric measure, however, a higher concentration of leptin (721 ± 507 pg/mL), lower concentration of total cholesterol (TC; 48.87 ± 2.41 mg/100 mL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL; 16.47 ± 6.55 mg/100 mL) and triglycerides (82.37 ± 32.77 mg/100 mL) was obtained in SS group. For anthropometric values, HS showed less total adipose tissue (AT; average 26 vs. 31-33 g) and adiposity index (average 6.11 vs. 7.6). Due to sugar-sweetened beverages consumption increases the risk for the development of chronic diseases; correlations between fluid intake and anthropometric and biochemical parameters were assessed. A moderate correlation was obtained in groups with the weight of total AT and solution intake; for the weight gain in GFS group and for triglycerides in HS and GFS. The highest hepatic tissue damage was observed in SS group with multiple intracytoplasmic vacuoles, atypia changes, moderate pleomorphism and hepatocellular necrosis. CONCLUSIONS: In spite of the significantly higher consumption of HS, biochemical, anthropometrical and histological effects were not remarkably different in comparision to other sweeteners.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.159-165
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• 2022

Objective: This clinical study describes the effect of Korean medicine on a patient with Delayed Neuropsychiatric Sequelae after Carbon Monoxide Poisoning. Case presentation: A patient with the delayed neuropsychiatric effects of carbon monoxide exposure was treated with herbal medicine, acupuncture, moxibustion, and cupping. Clinical symptoms were measured with the Korean Mini Mental State Examination (K-MMSE), Functional Independence Measure (FIM), and the Modified Barthel Index (MBI). After 32 days of treatment, the patient's K-MMSE score increased from 11 to 21 points, the FIM score from 52 to 94 points, and the MBI score from 46 to 84 points. There were no side effects. Conclusion: According to this case study, Korean medicine may be considered an effective treatment for delayed neuropsychiatric sequelae, although more studies are needed to confirm its validity.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.303-308
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• 2022

유방암의 조기 진단에는 X선을 이용한 유방 촬영이 현재 가장 많이 이용되고 있다. X선 장치의 사용 빈도가 증가함에 따라 유방 X선 촬영에서 기인하는 방사선의 위해해 대한 관심이 고조되고 있는 추세이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 고 대조도 및 고해상력을 요구하는 X선 유방촬영에서 유선의 피폭선량을 측정하기 위하여 International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)에서 규정한 검사 기준에 대해 IEC 62220-1-2에서 제시하는 국제 권고안의 beam quality 기준을 바탕으로 평균 유선 선량을 평가하는 가이드라인을 제시 하고자 하였다. 그 결과 4.5 cm PMMA 팬톰의 평균 유선선량 값은 30 kV 범위 이내에서 최대 2.3 mGy였으며, 28 kV를 기준으로 1.19 mGy로 평가되었다.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.215-221
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• 2023

Background: There is little information about the airborne hazardous agents released during the heat treatment when manufacturing a welding material. This study aimed to evaluate the airborne hazardous agents generated at welding material manufacturing sites through area sampling. Methods: concentration of airborne particles was measured using a scanning mobility particle sizer and optical particle sizer. Total suspended particles (TSP) and respirable dust samples were collected on polyvinyl chloride filters and weighed to measure the mass concentrations. Volatile organic compounds and heavy metals were analyzed using a gas chromatography mass spectrometer and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer, respectively. Results: The average mass concentration of TSP was 683.1±677.4 ㎍/m³, with respirable dust accounting for 38.6% of the TSP. The average concentration of the airborne particles less than 10 ㎛ in diameter was 11.2-22.8×10⁴ particles/cm³, and the average number of the particles with a diameter of 10-100 nm was approximately 78-86% of the total measured particles (<10 ㎛). In the case of volatile organic compounds, the heat treatment process concentration was significantly higher (p < 0.05) during combustion than during cooling. The airborne heavy metal concentrations differed depending on the materials used for heat treatment. The content of heavy metals in the airborne particles was approximately 32.6%. Conclusions: Nanoparticle exposure increased as the number of particles in the air around the heat treatment process increases, and the ratio of heavy metals in dust generated after the heat treatment process is high, which may adversely affect workers' health.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.184-190
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• 2010

최근 노화현상 외에도 소음으로 인한 청력저하를 호소하는 사례가 늘어나고 있다. 특히 멀티미디어의 보급과 휴대용 정보기기의 발달로 지속적인 소음에 장시간 노출되어 청각 세포의 손상이 발생하여 청력 손실이 발생하는 소음성 난청 인구가 증가하고 있는 실정이다. 현재 병원에서 실시하고 있는 순음청력검사는 8000 Hz까지의 주파수대역을 수동으로 조절하며 검사하므로 8,000 Hz 이상의 확장 고주파수에서도 손실을 가져오는 소음성 난청의 경우 회화 영역에 직접적인 영향을 미치지 않아 조기에 청력저하를 파악하여 예방하기에는 부적합한 단점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 12,000 Hz∼20,000 Hz 고주파 대역을 이용하여 소음성 난청을 조기에 파악하여 예방하기 위한 청력측정법을 제안하였다. 휴대용 정보기기를 통해 이어폰을 많이 사용하는20대 남녀 50명을 대상으로 제안한 측정법으로 청력을 측정한 결과 36 %가 소음으로 인한 청력 저하를 보였다. 그 중 2 %는 청력의 손실정도가 심각함을 보였다.